一 .试验前规划:
实验环境:CentOS―6.5
数据库: Mysql-5.6.19
虚拟机:VMware Workstation 10
网络拓扑结构:
三个节点非别为 master1,master2,slave. 其中master1与master2做了mysql的双主复制,slave节点基于master1做主从复制。
由于节点的限制我们将slave节点也做为监控主机。
IP地址规划:
master1: 10.43.2.81 10.43.2.99 做为提供给应用程序连接写的节点
master2: 10.43.2.93 10.43.2.100 做为提供给应用程序连接读的节点
slave: 10.43.2.83 10.43.2.101 做为提供给应用程序连接读的节点
权限的划分:
master1与master互为主从在这两个建立复制用户 repl 密码 repl
slave通过以上建立的复制用户与master1做主从复制,这里因为是试验环境为了方便操作所以将用同一个复制用户信息,在生产环境中应该避免这个问题。
二.Mysql的相关配置
在三个几点上安装mysql这个安装可以自行查阅资料
1.master1与master2做双主复制:
修改master1的配置文件如下:
[mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 server-id = 1 datadir = /mydata/data log-bin = /mydata/binglogs/master-bin relay_log = /mydata/relaylogs/relay binlog_format=mixed thread_concurrency = 4 log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment-offset=1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES [client] default-character-set=utf8
进入master1的mysql为master2 授予一个可以用于复制的用户:repl 密码:repl
同样进入master2的mysql为master1授予一个可以用于复制的用户:repl 密码:repl
mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by 'repl' mysql> flush privileges;
这里用 % 表示可以在远程的任意主机登录用repl用户复制master的数据;当然这里做也是为了实验方便,便于试验环境迁移。在生产环境中应该避免。
2.master1:
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 663 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.修改master2的配置文件:
[mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 server-id = 3 //mysql的复制应该保持此参数唯一 datadir = /mydata/data log-bin = /mydata/binglogs/master-bin relay_log = /mydata/relaylogs/relay binlog_format=mixed thread_concurrency = 4 log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES [client] default-character-set=utf8
4.master2:
mysql> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master-bin.000001 | 663 | | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5.master2连接master1
change master to master_host='10.43.2.81',master_user='repl',master_password='repl' //生产环境中操作需要指出开始复制的主的二进制日志文件和起始点,这里由于数据比较少,二进制日志完全在就默认不用指,让其从头开始复制
start slave ; show slave status\G Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
观察这三个参数的值如上所示表示复制正常
6.同样master1连接master2
change master to master_host='10.43.2.93',master_user='repl',master_password='repl'
start slave ; show slave status\G Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
观察这三个参数的值如上所示表示复制正常
7.slave的配置文件:
[mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 server-id = 3 datadir = /mydata/data relay_log = /mydata/relaylogs/relay binlog_format=mixed thread_concurrency = 4 log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES [client] default-character-set=utf8
slave就不需要开启二进制日志,只需要开启中继日志即可。
8.slave连接上master1
change master to master_host='10.43.2.81',master_user='repl',master_password='repl'
start slave ; show slave status\G Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
9.在master2上建立数据进行测试:
在master2上创建数据库sanhong
create database sanhong;
在master1上执行show master status
发现如下结果:
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sanhong | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.32 sec)
sanhong出现表示复制正常;
10.在slave上执行show master status
发现如下结果:
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sanhong | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.32 sec)
sanhong出现表示复制正常;
三.高可用相关的配置
mmm主要功能由下面三个脚本提供
mmm_mond 负责所有的监控工作的监控守护进程,决定节点的移除等等
mmm_agentd 运行在mysql服务器上的代理守护进程,通过简单远程服务集提供给监控节点 默认监听在TCP的9989端口
mmm_control 通过命令行管理mmm_mond进程 默认监听在TCP的9988端口
安装配置mysql-mmm:
首先下载epel源 (对应自己操作系统的版本 CentoOS6.4)(三个节点同时安装)
wget http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
安装epel源
yum install -y epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
安装mysql-mmm-agent (三个节点同时安装)
yum -y install mysql-mmm-agent
编辑mysql_common.conf (三个节点都需要 编辑完之后复制到三个节点上)
active_master_role writer <host default> cluster_interface eth0 pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/ replication_user repl replication_password repl agent_user agent agent_password agent </host> <host db1> ip 10.43.2.81 mode master peer db2 </host> <host db2> ip 10.43.2.93 mode master peer db1 </host> <host db3> ip 10.43.2.83 mode slave </host> <role writer> hosts db1, db2 ips 10.43.2.101 mode exclusive </role> <role reader> hosts db2,db3 ips 10.43.2.99,10.43.2.100 mode balanced </role>
在每个节点上修改mmm_agent.conf这个配置文件
include mmm_common.conf # The 'this' variable refers to this server. Proper operation requires # that 'this' server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf. this db3 //保证这个名称为相应节点的名称,比如对于master1来说此处就应该改为 db1 (对应mmm_common.conf)
3.我们将slave做为monitor在上边安装监控所需要的包
yum install mysql-mmm* -y
编辑mmm_mon.cof
vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf include mmm_common.conf <monitor> ip 127.0.0.1 pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status ping_ips 10.43.2.81,10.43.2.83,10.43.2.93 auto_set_online 60 # The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will # throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host # Functionality" in the PDF documentation. # # kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host # </monitor> <host default> monitor_user monitor monitor_password monitor </host> debug 0
4.启动MMM进行测试:
三个节点都需要启动;
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# service mysql-mmm-agent start Starting MMM Agent Daemon: [ OK ]
监控主机节点启动监控服务:
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# service mysql-mmm-monitor start Starting MMM Monitor Daemon: [ OK ]
在监控主机上查看各节点数据库的状态:
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show db1(10.43.2.81) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(10.43.2.101) db2(10.43.2.93) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(10.43.2.99) db3(10.43.2.83) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(10.43.2.100)
显示结果符合我们上边的规划,此时我们停掉一个数据库
[root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control set_offline db1 OK: State of 'db1' changed to ADMIN_OFFLINE. Now you can wait some time and check all roles! [root@localhost mysql-mmm]# mmm_control show db1(10.43.2.81) master/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles: //db1此时已经下线 vip已经流动到master2即db2上 db2(10.43.2.93) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(10.43.2.99), writer(10.43.2.101) db3(10.43.2.83) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(10.43.2.100)
此时我们在master2上建立一个数据库 'jin' 观察slave的情况
master2: mysql> create database jin; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) slave: mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | jin | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sanhong | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
出现'jin' 说明了 虽然slave与master1做的主从但是当master1离线后slave自动会同步master2的数据。
四:总结
经过以上步骤简单的实现了基于mmm的mysql高可用的实现。也发现了mmm优于keepalive的地方。
mmm不但可以监控两个master节点的运行状态,还可以监控多个slave节点的运行状态,任何一个节点出现问题,都会将失败节点对应的虚拟IP自动实现切换到其他健康节点上,保持读、写服务的连续性和高可用性。
mmm不仅能提供虚拟IP自动转移功能,更重要的是,如果活动的master节点发生故障,会自动将后端的多个slave节点转向备用的master节点继续进行同步复制,整个过程完全不需要手动更改同步复制的配置,这是其他所有mysql高可用集群方案都不具备的功能。
其实上边我们把master1的mysql进程停掉也能达到vip会流动到master2上,这里不再演示。