Oracle RAC安装
环境：Centos 6.4（最小化安装）
Oracle 11g R2(11.2.0.4)
IP规划：
| Node | Public IP(Bond0) | Heartbeat(eth2) | Private IP | System |
hostname | Memory |
RAC1 |
192.168.100.241/24 |
192.168.90.1/24 |
eth3：192.168.80.1/24 |
CentOS6.4 |
rac1.example.com | 3G |
| RAC2 | 192.168.100.242/24 |
192.168.90.2/24 |
eth3：192.168.80.1/24 |
CentOS6.4 |
rac2.example.com |
3G |
| Storage | - | - |
bond0：192.168.80.3/24 |
CentOS6.4 |
iscsi |
512M |
Storage磁盘规划：
| 存储组件 | 文件系统 |
卷大小 |
ASM卷组名 |
ASM冗余 |
ASM磁盘组 |
| OCR/表决磁盘 | ASM |
2G |
+CRS |
External | DISK1 |
| 数据库文件 |
ASM |
40G |
+RACDB_DATA |
External |
DISK2 |
| 快速恢复区 | ASM |
40G |
+FRA |
External |
DISK3 |
利用ISCSI搭建后台存储
[root@iscsi ~]# tgt-admin -s|grep -i target Target 1: iqn.disk1 Target 2: iqn.disk2 Target 3: iqn.disk3 [root@iscsi ~]#
rac1和rac2挂载后分区
[root@rac1 software]# fdisk -l|grep sd|tail -n 3 Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes Disk /dev/sdc: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes Disk /dev/sdd: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes [root@rac1 software]# [root@rac1 ~]# hostname rac1.example.com [root@rac1 ~]# [root@rac2 ~]# hostname rac2.example.com [root@rac2 ~]# [root@rac1 ~]# ping rac2.example.com -c 3 PING rac2 (192.168.100.242) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from rac2 (192.168.100.242): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.622 ms 64 bytes from rac2 (192.168.100.242): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.369 ms
在rac1和rac2上需要做地址解析
[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 19 /etc/hosts #Public Network 192.168.100.241rac1rac1.example.com 192.168.100.242 rac2rac2.example.com #Public Virtual IP (VIP) addresses 192.168.100.244rac1-vip 192.168.100.245rac2-vip #Single Client Access Name (SCAN) 192.168.100.246racscan #Private Interconnect 192.168.90.1 rac1-priv 192.168.90.2 rac2-priv #Private Storage Network 192.168.80.1 rac1-s 192.168.80.2 rac2-s 192.168.80.3 iscsi [root@rac1 ~]#
关闭防火墙和Selinux
要求：内存至少2G，swap：16GB内存以内内存的1.5或者1倍，16GB内存以上设置16GB
[root@rac1 software]# uname -a Linux rac1 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@rac1 ~]# [root@rac1 ~]# ntpdate time.windows.com [root@rac1 ~]# df -h|grep shm tmpfs 10G 0 10G 0% /dev/shm [root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install binutils* elfutils-libelf* compat-libstdc++* compat-libcap1* gcc gcc-c++ ksh libaio* libgcc* libstdc++* make* sysstat unixODBC* glibc* [root@rac1 ~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386.rpm --nodeps --force [root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install xhost [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd dba [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd oper [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd asmadmin [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd asmoper [root@rac1 ~]# groupadd asmdba [root@rac1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid [root@rac1 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 12 /etc/security/limits.conf //资源限制 #for oracle oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 #for grid grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 10240 [root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/pam.d/login #oracle session requiredpam_limits.so [root@rac1 ~]# [root@rac1 ~]# tail -n 12 /etc/sysctl.conf #oracle fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 [root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid [root@rac1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01 [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle [root@rac1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle [root@rac1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01 [root@rac1 ~]# mkdir /oradata [root@rac1 ~]# su - oracle [oracle@rac1 ~]$ tail -n 8 .bash_profile #oracle export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_SID=racdb1 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export LD_LIBARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export ORACLE_UNQNAME=racdb umask 022 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ source .bash_profile [oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle [oracle@rac1 ~]$
[grid@rac1 ~]$ tail -n 7 .bash_profile #oracle export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH umask 022 [grid@rac1 ~]$ source .bash_profile [gr[grid@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/grid [grid@rac1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/11.2.0/grid [grid@rac1 ~]$ [grid@rac2 ~]$ grep SID .bash_profile export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2 [grid@rac2 ~]$ [oracle@rac2 ~]$ grep SID .bash_profile export ORACLE_SID=racdb2 [oracle@rac2 ~]$
以上步骤第二个节点也同样操作
配置SSH互信：
[grid@rac1 sshsetup]$ pwd /software/grid/sshsetup [grid@rac1 sshsetup]$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts rac2.example.com -advanced -exverify -confirm -noPromptPassphrase [grid@rac1 sshsetup]$
检查下会不会出现下面的情况。如果出现在测试SSH互信时会包INS-06006的错误
安装cvuqdisk，发现共享磁盘(rac1和rac2都安装)
[root@rac1 ~]# CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall && export CVUQDISK_GRP [root@rac1 software]# yum -y install smartmontools [root@rac1 software]# yum -y install cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
使用UDEV绑定ASM
[root@rac1 ~]# echo "options=--whitelisted --replace-whitespace" >> /etc/scsi_id.config declare -i num =0 for i in b c d; do let num=$num+1 echo "KERNEL==\"sd*\", BUS==\"scsi\", PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/\$name\", RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`\", NAME=\"asm-disk$num\", OWNER=\"grid\", GROUP=\"asmadmin\", MODE=\"0660\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/12-oracle-asmdevices.rules done [root@rac1 ~]# start_udev Starting udev: [ OK ] [root@rac1 ~]#
固化磁盘后Linux就无法读取到/dev/sdb、/dev/sdc、/dev/sdd了，在rac1上固化磁盘后，rac2上也需要执行下上面的脚本，注意匹配PROGRAM的值，需要与节点一的相同
注：如果使用UDEV绑定磁盘后所属组不是asmadmin，需要手动改下，否则在创建数据库(dbca)时会报错，如下图：
[root@rac1 ~]# chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk* [root@rac1 ~]# echo "chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk*" >>/etc/rc.local
更改后：
用grid用户登录
[grid@rac1 grid]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0
[grid@rac1 grid]$ ./runInstaller
需要在/etc/hosts里面解析racscan，否则会报：
[INS-40718] Single Client Access Name (SCAN):RACSCAN1 could not be resolved.
但racscan不是真实存在的地址
Test和Setup均能通过
[INS-40912] Virtual host name: rac1-vip is assigned to another system on the network.
如果出现上面的报错信息，看下/etc/hosts里面的Virtual IP是否存在，ping一下
参考：https://community.oracle.com/thread/2594182
在grid用户的环境变量，$ORACLE_HOME不能是$ORACLE_BASE子目录，否则会报错：
ORACLE 11G RAC [INS-32026] The Software Location specified should not
这里使用是的udev绑定，可以忽略
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@rac1 ~]# [root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
执行上面这个脚本如果报下面的错误
解决方法：
[root@rac1 ~]# yum -y install compat-libcap1*
再执行/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh就没问题了
在rac1和rac2上都执行下↑↑↑(/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh和/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh)
在Install Product过程中如果出现下面的情况：(忽略）
如果出现这个错误且能ping通racscan地址(192.168.100.246)，则可忽略
[grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl check crs //检查crs状态 CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online CRS-4533: Event Manager is online [grid@rac1 grid]$ olsnodes -n //打印节点编号和节点名 rac11 rac22 [grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl check ctss //检测ctss状态 CRS-4701: The Cluster Time Synchronization Service is in Active mode. CRS-4702: Offset (in msec): 0 [grid@rac1 grid]$ srvctl status asm -a //显示指定数据库当前状态 ASM is running on rac2,rac1 ASM is enabled. [grid@rac1 grid]$ ocrcheck //显示注册Oracle集群的健康状态 Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows : Version : 3 Total space (kbytes) : 262120 Used space (kbytes) : 2592 Available space (kbytes) : 259528 ID : 1975731354 Device/File Name : +CRS Device/File integrity check succeeded Device/File not configured Device/File not configured Device/File not configured Device/File not configured Cluster registry integrity check succeeded Logical corruption check bypassed due to non-privileged user [grid@rac1 grid]$ crsctl query css votedisk //查看votedisk磁盘位置 ## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group -- ----- ----------------- --------- --------- 1. ONLINE 65b9ef5913044fdbbff0d1b75e91172e (/dev/asm-disk1) [CRS] Located 1 voting disk(s). [grid@rac1 grid]$
grid用户登录：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0 [grid@rac1 ~]$ xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [grid@rac1 ~]$ asmca
用Oracle用户登录：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [oracle@rac1 ~]$ cd /software/database [oracle@rac1 database]$ ./runInstaller
做Oracle用户SSH互信（按照之前grid用户一样做互信）
[oracle@rac1 sshsetup]$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts rac2.example.com -advanced -exverify -confirm -noPromptPassphrase
节点rac1和节点rac2都执行下面的脚本
[root@rac1 ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions. [root@rac1 ~]#
[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid [grid@rac1 ~]$ crs_stat -t -v Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ora.CRS.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.FRA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.cvu ora.cvu.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.gsd ora.gsd.type 0/5 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type 0/1 0/2 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....C1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.rac1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora....C2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE ora.rac2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 [grid@rac1 ~]$
安装数据库：(用oracle用户登录)
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca
如果SGA and PGA内存不够在安装数据库时会出现下面的错误：
ORA-00838: Specified value of MEMORY_TARGET is too small, needs to be at least 1408M
ORA-01078：failure in processing system parameters
参考：http://yfshare.blog.51cto.com/8611708/1671927
如果安装到85%报上面这个错，查看到闪回区没空间了
解决方法：删除多余的归档文件，或设置较大的db_recovery_file_dest_size
检查集群运行状态：
srvctl status database -d racdb crs_stat -t -v
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 11-JUL-2015 01:07:17 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 10-JUL-2015 15:38:11 Uptime 0 days 9 hr. 29 min. 6 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.100.244)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.100.241)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s). Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "racdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "racdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "racdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "racdb1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@rac1 ~]$ [oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ OPEN SQL>
如果启动EM web界面管理工具，出现下面的问题，则使用emca -config dbcontrol db重建EM
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ emca -deconfig dbcontrol db -cluster //删除集群EM
重建EM：
用oracle用户登录
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.100.251:0.0 [oracle@rac1 ~]$ xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [oracle@rac1 ~]$ dbca
注：
[oracle@rac1 ~]$emctl status dbconsole Environment variable ORACLE_UNQNAME not defined. Please set ORACLE_UNQNAME to database unique name. [oracle@rac1 ~]$
如果报上面的错误，是oracle用户的ORACLE_UNQNAME环境变量未设置。如果报下面的错误，则是ORACLE_UNQNAME设置不正确
正确设置：
OK，oracle RAC安装完成
oracle RAC集群默认是开机自启。根据配置不同，花费的时间不一样
使用PL/SQL登录oracle RAC
安装plsql+ora10client
C:\Ora10InstantClient\network\admin\tnsnames.ora（在ora10client安装目录下新建network/admin目录，在RAC服务器上把$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件放到ora10client安装目录下的admin目录下）
[root@rac1 ~]# grep racscan /etc/hosts
192.168.100.246 racscan
[root@rac1 ~]#
格式为：把HOST = racscan改为HOST = racscan对应的地址
RACDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = 192.168.100.246)(PORT= 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = racdb)
)
)
打开PL/SQL--->Tools--->Preferences--->Connection
本文出自 “鹏城-酱油瓶” 博客，谢绝转载！