关于搭建“Nginx + PHP(FastCGI)”Web服务器的第4篇文章--来自张宴博客

安装步骤:
  (系统要求:Linux 2.6+ 内核,本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1,另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功)

   一、获取相关开源程序:
  1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库(RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包,进行安装):
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers


  2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包(事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在,通常是“xxx-devel”不存在,需要安装)。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装,以下是RPM包下载网址:
  ①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
   http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
   http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/

  ②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
   http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
   http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/

  ③、RPM包搜索网站
   http://rpm.pbone.net/
   http://www.rpmfind.net/

  ④、RedHat AS4 系统环境,通常情况下缺少的支持包安装:
  Ⅰ、i386 系统
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm

  Ⅱ、x86_64 系统
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm


  3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包:
  本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到 2009年04月14日的最新稳定版。
  ①、从软件的官方网站下载:
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.8.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.33.zip/from/http://mysql.mirror.redwire.net/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz

  ②、从 blog.s135.com下载(比较稳定,只允许在本站,或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件):
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.33.zip
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz


   二、安装PHP 5.2.8(FastCGI模式)
  1、编译安装PHP 5.2.8所需的支持库:
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../


  2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.33
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
unzip mysql-5.1.33.zip
cd mysql-5.1.33/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../


  附:以下为附加步骤,如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库,则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库,能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库,那么,以下两步无需执行。
  ①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql


  ②、启动MySQL(最后的&表示在后台运行)
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &


  3、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
tar zxvf php-5.2.8.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.8 -p1
cd php-5.2.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../


  4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../


  5、修改php.ini文件
   手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
  extension = "memcache.so"
  extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
  extension = "imagick.so"

  再查找output_buffering = Off
  修改为output_buffering = On

   自动修改:若嫌手工修改麻烦,可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini


  6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

  按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"


  修改配置文件:
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
kernel.shmmax = 134217728

  然后执行以下命令使配置生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p


  7、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和 www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www


  8、创建php-fpm配置文件(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):
  在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

  输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):
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  1. <?xml version="1.0" ?>  
  2. <configuration>  
  3.   
  4.   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix   
  5.   
  6.   <section name="global_options">  
  7.   
  8.     Pid file   
  9.     <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>  
  10.   
  11.     Error log file   
  12.     <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>  
  13.   
  14.     Log level   
  15.     <value name="log_level">notice</value>  
  16.   
  17.     When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
  18.     <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>  
  19.   
  20.     ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
  21.     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
  22.     <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>  
  23.   
  24.     Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
  25.     <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>  
  26.   
  27.     Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
  28.     <value name="daemonize">yes</value>  
  29.   
  30.   </section>  
  31.   
  32.   <workers>  
  33.   
  34.     <section name="pool">  
  35.   
  36.       Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
  37.       <value name="name">default</value>  
  38.   
  39.       Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
  40.       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
  41.       <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>  
  42.   
  43.       <value name="listen_options">  
  44.   
  45.         Set listen(2) backlog   
  46.         <value name="backlog">-1</value>  
  47.   
  48.         Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
  49.         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
  50.         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
  51.         <value name="owner"></value>  
  52.         <value name="group"></value>  
  53.         <value name="mode">0666</value>  
  54.       </value>  
  55.   
  56.       Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
  57.       <value name="php_defines">  
  58.         <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>  
  59.         <value name="display_errors">1</value>  
  60.       </value>  
  61.   
  62.       Unix user of processes   
  63.         <value name="user">www</value>  
  64.   
  65.       Unix group of processes   
  66.         <value name="group">www</value>  
  67.   
  68.       Process manager settings   
  69.       <value name="pm">  
  70.   
  71.         Sets style of controling worker process count.   
  72.         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
  73.         <value name="style">static</value>  
  74.   
  75.         Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
  76.         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
  77.         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
  78.         Used with any pm_style.   
  79.         <value name="max_children">128</value>  
  80.   
  81.         Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
  82.         <value name="apache_like">  
  83.   
  84.           Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
  85.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
  86.           <value name="StartServers">20</value>  
  87.   
  88.           Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
  89.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
  90.           <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>  
  91.   
  92.           Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
  93.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
  94.           <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>  
  95.   
  96.         </value>  
  97.   
  98.       </value>  
  99.   
  100.       The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated   
  101.       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason   
  102.       '0s' means 'off'   
  103.       <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>  
  104.   
  105.       The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file   
  106.       '0s' means 'off'   
  107.       <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>  
  108.   
  109.       The log file for slow requests   
  110.       <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>  
  111.   
  112.       Set open file desc rlimit   
  113.       <value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>  
  114.   
  115.       Set max core size rlimit   
  116.       <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>  
  117.   
  118.       Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path   
  119.       <value name="chroot"></value>  
  120.   
  121.       Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path   
  122.       <value name="chdir"></value>  
  123.   
  124.       Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
  125.       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
  126.       <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>  
  127.   
  128.       How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
  129.       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
  130.       For endless request processing please specify 0   
  131.       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
  132.       <value name="max_requests">500</value>  
  133.   
  134.       Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
  135.       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
  136.       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
  137.       <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>  
  138.   
  139.       Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
  140.       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
  141.       <value name="environment">  
  142.         <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>  
  143.         <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>  
  144.         <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>  
  145.         <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>  
  146.         <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>  
  147.         <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>  
  148.         <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>  
  149.         <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>  
  150.       </value>  
  151.   
  152.     </section>  
  153.   
  154.   </workers>  
  155.   
  156. </configuration>  
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <configuration>   All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix   <section name="global_options">     Pid file     <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>     Error log file     <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>     Log level     <value name="log_level">notice</value>     When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...     <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>     ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.     Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.     <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>     Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master     <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>     Set to 'no' to debug fpm     <value name="daemonize">yes</value>   </section>   <workers>     <section name="pool">       Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.       <value name="name">default</value>       Address to accept fastcgi requests on.       Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'       <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>       <value name="listen_options">         Set listen(2) backlog         <value name="backlog">-1</value>         Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.         In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.         Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.         <value name="owner"></value>         <value name="group"></value>         <value name="mode">0666</value>       </value>       Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.       <value name="php_defines">         <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>         <value name="display_errors">1</value>       </value>       Unix user of processes         <value name="user">www</value>       Unix group of processes         <value name="group">www</value>       Process manager settings       <value name="pm">         Sets style of controling worker process count.         Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'         <value name="style">static</value>         Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.         Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.         Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi         Used with any pm_style.         <value name="max_children">128</value>         Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style         <value name="apache_like">           Sets the number of server processes created on startup.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected           <value name="StartServers">20</value>           Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected           <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>           Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.           Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected           <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>         </value>       </value>       The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated       Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason       '0s' means 'off'       <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>       The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file       '0s' means 'off'       <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>       The log file for slow requests       <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>       Set open file desc rlimit       <value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>       Set max core size rlimit       <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>       Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path       <value name="chroot"></value>       Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path       <value name="chdir"></value>       Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.       If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs       <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>       How much requests each process should execute before respawn.       Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.       For endless request processing please specify 0       Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS       <value name="max_requests">500</value>       Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.       Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)       Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.       <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>       Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH       All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment       <value name="environment">         <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>         <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>         <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>         <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>         <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>         <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>         <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>         <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>       </value>     </section>   </workers> </configuration>  9、启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为200(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

  注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。


   三、安装Nginx 0.7.51
  1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库:
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../


  2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.51/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../


  3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs


  4、创建Nginx配置文件
  ①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  blog.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

    #limit_conn   crawler  20;    
                            
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }    

    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }

  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name   www.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }

  server
  {
    listen  80;
    server_name  status.blog.s135.com;

    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}


  ②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件:
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;


  5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx


   四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx


   五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000


  使配置立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p


   六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
  1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

  如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:
   the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully


  2、这时,输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

  屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:
   6302
  这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:
kill -HUP 6302

  或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


   七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
  1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

  输入以下内容:
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


  2、设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e

  输入以下内容:
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

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