MongoDB实战全攻略二（分片配置，高可用集群设计实战）

***mongodb的分片配置

md01 10.0.0.11
md02 10.0.0.12
md03 10.0.0.14

2、启动三台机器的mongod实例

根据Replica Set、Sharding策略部署mongod。将两个sharding组部署到三台服务器上，每个sharding组有三个replica set成员。

#Server1:

mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/shard11
mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/shard21
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27017 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard11 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard11.log --logappend --fork --rest
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27018 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard21 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard21.log --logappend --fork --rest

#Server2:

mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/shard12/
mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/shard22/
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27017 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard12 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard12.log --logappend --fork --rest
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27018 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard22 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard22.log --logappend --fork --rest

#Server3:

mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/shard13/
mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/shard23/
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27017 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard13 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard13.log --logappend --fork --rest
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27018 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard23 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/shard23.log --logappend --fork --rest

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongo 10.0.0.11:27017

config = {_id: 'shard1', members: [
 {_id: 0, host: '10.0.0.11:27017'},
 {_id: 1, host: '10.0.0.12:27017'},
 {_id: 2, host: '10.0.0.14:27017'}]};

rs.initiate(config);

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongo 10.0.0.11:27018

config = {_id: 'shard2', members: [
 {_id: 0, host: '10.0.0.11:27018'},
 {_id: 1, host: '10.0.0.12:27018'},
 {_id: 2, host: '10.0.0.14:27018'}]};

rs.initiate(config);

4、启动并配置三台Config Server

#Server1、2、3:

mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/config/
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/config/ --port 20000 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/config1.log --logappend --fork

5、部署并配置三台Routing Server

指定所有的config sever地址参数，chunkSize是分割数据时每块(Chunk)的单位大小

#Server1、2、3:

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 10.0.0.11:20000,10.0.0.12:20000,10.0.0.14:20000 --port 30000 --chunkSize 100 --logpath /elain/data/mongodb/mongos.log --logappend --fork

6、命令行添加分片

连接到mongs服务器，并切换到admin

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongo 10.0.0.11:30000/admin

db.runCommand( {
 addshard : "shard1/10.0.0.11:27017,10.0.0.12:27017,10.0.0.14:27017",
 name:"shard1",
 maxsize:2048,
 allowLocal:true } );

db.runCommand( {
 addshard : "shard2/10.0.0.11:27018,10.0.0.12:27018,10.0.0.14:27018",
 name:"shard2",
 maxsize:2048,
 allowLocal:true } );

db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } );

db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "elain" } );

要使单个collection也分片存储，需要给collection指定一个分片key，通过以下命令操作：

db.runCommand( { shardcollection : “<namespace>”,key : <shardkeypatternobject});

注：
a. 分片的collection系统会自动创建一个索引（也可用户提前创建好）
b. 分片的collection只能有一个在分片key上的唯一索引，其它唯一索引不被允许
One note: a sharded collection can have only one unique index, which must exist on the shard key. No other unique indexes can exist on the collection.

mongoimport -d elain -c test --type csv --headerline --file test.csv --host 10.0.0.11:30000

分片collection例子

db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "elain.test",key : {id: 1} } )
mongos> db.chujq.t1.stats();
{
 "sharded" : true,
 "flags" : 1,
 "ns" : "elain.test",
 "count" : 4058977,
 "numExtents" : 34,
 "size" : 675039816,
 "storageSize" : 818757632,
 "totalIndexSize" : 131854352,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 131854352
 },
 "avgObjSize" : 166.30786919955446,
 "nindexes" : 1,
 "nchunks" : 14,
 "shards" : {
 "shard1" : {
 "ns" : "elain.test",
 "count" : 1860365,
 "size" : 309376352,
 "avgObjSize" : 166.29873815084673,
 "storageSize" : 408920064,
 "numExtents" : 16,
 "nindexes" : 1,
 "lastExtentSize" : 77955072,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 60371584,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 60371584
 },
 "ok" : 1
 },
 "shard2" : {
 "ns" : "elain.test",
 "count" : 2198612,
 "size" : 365663464,
 "avgObjSize" : 166.31559547569103,
 "storageSize" : 409837568,
 "numExtents" : 18,
 "nindexes" : 1,
 "lastExtentSize" : 74846208,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 71482768,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 71482768
 },
 "ok" : 1
 }
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

删除片操作

mongos> db.runCommand({"removeshard" : "10.0.0.11:27018"});
{
 "msg" : "draining started successfully",
 "state" : "started",
 "shard" : "shard2",
 "ok" : 1
}

再执行，可看到removeshard的挪动进度

mongos> db.runCommand({"removeshard" : "10.0.0.11:27018"});
{
 "msg" : "draining ongoing",
 "state" : "ongoing",
 "remaining" : {
 "chunks" : NumberLong(3),
 "dbs" : NumberLong(0)
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

例:

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /elain/data/mongodb/shard1/shard1.properties --rest

***MongoDB高可用集群设计实战部署（一）

环境：
CentOS 6.0 x64

md01: 10.0.0.11
md02: 10.0.0.12
md03: 10.0.0.14
md04: 10.0.0.15
md05: 10.0.0.16
md06: 10.0.0.17

设计思路：

md01、md02、md03 做一组复制集
md04、md05、md06 做一组复制集
再把这两组复制集用分片做成 shard1、shard2 用LVS 调用

下载安装mongodb

cd /root/tools
wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0.tgz
tar zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0.tgz
mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0 /elain/apps/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0
ln -s /elain/apps/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.0.0 /elain/apps/mongodb
ln -s /elain/apps/mongodb/bin/* /bin/

#添加用户组

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 690 mongodb
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mongodb mongodb -u 690 -s /sbin/nologin

各节点hosts文件 添加：

true > /etc/hosts
echo -ne "
10.0.0.11 md01
10.0.0.12 md02
10.0.0.14 md03
10.0.0.15 md04
10.0.0.16 md05
10.0.0.17 md06
" >>/etc/hosts

mkdir -p /elain/logs/mongodb/
mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/db
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --rest --replSet elain/md01:27017 --fork --port 27017 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/db/ --logpath /elain/logs/mongodb/mongodb.log

md02

mkdir -p /elain/logs/mongodb/
mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/db
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --rest --replSet elain/md02:27017 --fork --port 27017 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/db/ --logpath /elain/logs/mongodb/mongodb.log

md03

mkdir -p /elain/logs/mongodb/
mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/db
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --rest --replSet elain/md03:27017 --fork --port 27017 --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/db/ --logpath /elain/logs/mongodb/mongodb.log

#启动仲裁节点
在md02上

mkdir /elain/data/mongodb/arb
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --fork --rest --replSet elain --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/arb --port 27015 --logpath /elain/logs/mongodb/mongodb.log

初始化节点:
md01:(登录其中任何一个节点操作皆可)

> rs.initiate({
 _id : "elain",
 members : [
 {_id : 1, host : "md01:27017"},
 {_id : 2, host : "md02:27017"},
 {_id : 3, host : "md03:27017"},
 {_id : 4, host : "md02:27015", "arbiterOnly": true},
 ]
 });

#验证

PRIMARY> rs.status()

也可浏览：http://10.0.0.11:28017/_replSet 查看状态

查看副本集状态

>rs.status()
>user local;
>rs.isMaster()
>db.system.replset.find()

查看当前主库：

>db.$cmd.findOne({ismaster:1});

另一组副本集同理操作即可;这里为省篇幅就不再写出,但切记两复制集名称不可以重复
启动并配置三台Config Server

#md01,03,05上执行

mkdir -p /elain/data/mongodb/config/
/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /elain/data/mongodb/config/ --port 20000 --logpath /elain/logs/mongodb/config.log --logappend --fork

5、部署并配置三台Routing Server

指定所有的config sever地址参数，chunkSize是分割数据时每块(Chunk)的单位大小

#md02,md04,md06

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb md01:20000,md03:20000,md05:20000 --port 30000 --chunkSize 100 --logpath /elain/logs/mongodb/mongos.log --logappend --fork

6、命令行添加分片

连接到mongs服务器，并切换到admin

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongo 10.0.0.11:30000/admin

db.runCommand( {
 addshard : "elain/md01:27017",
 name:"shard1",
 maxsize:2048,
 allowLocal:true } );

db.runCommand( {
 addshard : "chujq/md04:27017",
 name:"shard2",
 maxsize:2048,
 allowLocal:true } );

注：添加复制集elain，其中包含一个服务器md01:27017(还饿别的服务器，如md02、md03)，如果md01挂了，mongos会知道它所连接的是一个复制集，并会使用新的主节点（md02或md03）

db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } );

如果列出(sharding)了以上二个你加的shards，表示shards已经配置成功

导入数据：

mongoimport -d elain -c elain --type csv --headerline --file /root/bak/test.csv --host md02:30000

注：数据自备，我这里是从生产环境下MYSQL里导出的一些真实数据来做测试

#激活数据库分片

db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "elain" } );
mongos> db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "elain" } );
{ "ok" : 1 }

mongos> show dbs
config 0.1875GB
elain 0.453125GB
test (empty)

#进入数据库，建立索引，为分片做准备

/elain/apps/mongodb/bin/mongo 10.0.0.12:30000/admin

use elain;
db.elain.ensureIndex({"client_userid":1});

查看索引：

mongos> db.elain.find({"client_userid" : 151512}).explain();
{
 "cursor" : "BtreeCursor client_userid_1",
 "nscanned" : 3,
 "nscannedObjects" : 3,
 "n" : 3,
 "millis" : 0,
 "nYields" : 0,
 "nChunkSkips" : 0,
 "isMultiKey" : false,
 "indexOnly" : false,
 "indexBounds" : {
 "client_userid" : [
 [
 151512,
 151512
 ]
 ]
 }
}

#添加分片：

use admin;
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "elain.elain",key : {client_userid: 1} } )

mongos> db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "elain.elain",key : {client_userid: 1} } )
{ "collectionsharded" : "elain.elain", "ok" : 1 }

#查看分片状态

use elain;
db.elain.stats();

mongos> db.elain.stats();
{
 "sharded" : true,
 "flags" : 1,
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 507372,
 "numExtents" : 10,
 "size" : 84375328,
 "storageSize" : 97849344,
 "totalIndexSize" : 29253728,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 16474640,
 "client_userid_1" : 12779088
 },
 "avgObjSize" : 166.29874727024747,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "nchunks" : 1,
 "shards" : {
 "shard2" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 507372,
 "size" : 84375328,
 "avgObjSize" : 166.29874727024747,
 "storageSize" : 97849344,
 "numExtents" : 10,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 26099712,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 29253728,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 16474640,
 "client_userid_1" : 12779088
 },
 "ok" : 1
 }
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

在分片后新写数据第一次：

mongos> db.elain.stats();
{
 "sharded" : true,
 "flags" : 1,
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 676496,
 "numExtents" : 12,
 "size" : 112500436,
 "storageSize" : 129179648,
 "totalIndexSize" : 47551616,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 21968912,
 "client_userid_1" : 25582704
 },
 "avgObjSize" : 166.29874529930703,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "nchunks" : 8,
 "shards" : {
 "shard1" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 0,
 "size" : 0,
 "storageSize" : 8192,
 "numExtents" : 1,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 8192,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 16352,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 8176,
 "client_userid_1" : 8176
 },
 "ok" : 1
 },
 "shard2" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 676496,
 "size" : 112500436,
 "avgObjSize" : 166.29874529930703,
 "storageSize" : 129171456,
 "numExtents" : 11,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 31322112,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 47535264,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 21960736,
 "client_userid_1" : 25574528
 },
 "ok" : 1
 }
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

分片后新写数据第二次：

mongos> db.elain.stats();
{
 "sharded" : true,
 "flags" : 1,
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 1189194,
 "numExtents" : 23,
 "size" : 194533928,
 "storageSize" : 252874752,
 "totalIndexSize" : 87262448,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 43692544,
 "client_userid_1" : 43569904
 },
 "avgObjSize" : 163.58468677103988,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "nchunks" : 8,
 "shards" : {
 "shard1" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 396370,
 "size" : 62195348,
 "avgObjSize" : 156.91234957236924,
 "storageSize" : 86114304,
 "numExtents" : 11,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 20881408,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 35949872,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 17954496,
 "client_userid_1" : 17995376
 },
 "ok" : 1
 },
 "shard2" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 792824,
 "size" : 132338580,
 "avgObjSize" : 166.9205019020615,
 "storageSize" : 166760448,
 "numExtents" : 12,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 37588992,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 51312576,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 25738048,
 "client_userid_1" : 25574528
 },
 "ok" : 1
 }
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

分片后新写数据第三次：

mongos> db.elain.stats();
{
 "sharded" : true,
 "flags" : 1,
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 1376876,
 "numExtents" : 23,
 "size" : 225576604,
 "storageSize" : 252874752,
 "totalIndexSize" : 100826432,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 50249696,
 "client_userid_1" : 50576736
 },
 "avgObjSize" : 163.83218532387812,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "nchunks" : 10,
 "shards" : {
 "shard1" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 494202,
 "size" : 77551984,
 "avgObjSize" : 156.92365469990003,
 "storageSize" : 86114304,
 "numExtents" : 11,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 20881408,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 42057344,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 21600992,
 "client_userid_1" : 20456352
 },
 "ok" : 1
 },
 "shard2" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 882674,
 "size" : 148024620,
 "avgObjSize" : 167.70021548159343,
 "storageSize" : 166760448,
 "numExtents" : 12,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 37588992,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 58769088,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 28648704,
 "client_userid_1" : 30120384
 },
 "ok" : 1
 }
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

分片后新写数据第四次（DOWN 掉md04的mongo服务）

mongos> db.elain.stats();
{
 "sharded" : true,
 "flags" : 1,
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 1686310,
 "numExtents" : 26,
 "size" : 275761376,
 "storageSize" : 353116160,
 "totalIndexSize" : 129033632,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 63265888,
 "client_userid_1" : 65767744
 },
 "avgObjSize" : 163.52946729842083,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "nchunks" : 10,
 "shards" : {
 "shard1" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 740264,
 "size" : 116213588,
 "avgObjSize" : 156.98938216636228,
 "storageSize" : 141246464,
 "numExtents" : 13,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 30072832,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 61810560,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 32556832,
 "client_userid_1" : 29253728
 },
 "ok" : 1
 },
 "shard2" : {
 "ns" : "elain.elain",
 "count" : 946046,
 "size" : 159547788,
 "avgObjSize" : 168.64696642657967,
 "storageSize" : 211869696,
 "numExtents" : 13,
 "nindexes" : 2,
 "lastExtentSize" : 45109248,
 "paddingFactor" : 1,
 "flags" : 1,
 "totalIndexSize" : 67223072,
 "indexSizes" : {
 "_id_" : 30709056,
 "client_userid_1" : 36514016
 },
 "ok" : 1
 }
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

总结：通过以上四次的写数据测试，我们可以看到分片是成功的，每次写数据,shard1、shard2都有数据写入，且，在下面的复制集中DOWN 掉任意一台，不影响整个架构的正常服务。

删除片操作

mongos> db.runCommand({"removeshard" : "10.0.0.11:27011"});
{
 "msg" : "draining started successfully",
 "state" : "started",
 "shard" : "shard2",
 "ok" : 1
}

再执行，可看到removeshard的挪动进度

mongos> db.runCommand({"removeshard" : "10.0.0.11:27011"});
{
 "msg" : "draining ongoing",
 "state" : "ongoing",
 "remaining" : {
 "chunks" : NumberLong(3),
 "dbs" : NumberLong(0)
 },
 "ok" : 1
}

转载自http://www.elain.org