静态路由之外出本地接口和下一跳地址

 

 

 

 

R1:

R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#inter s1/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#inter f0/0
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:04:30.347: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:31.347: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/1, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0   不启用接口

R1(config-if)#inter lo 0
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:04:42.467: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:04:43.467: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#inter s
*Mar  1 00:04:55.303: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/1, changed state to down



R1#show
*Mar  1 00:05:20.339: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#    
*Mar  1 00:05:21.323: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/2, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:22.323: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/2, changed state to up
R1#
*Mar  1 00:05:45.355: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/2, changed state to down
R1#
*Mar  1 00:06:05.303: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/1, changed state to up
R1#show ip inter bri
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            13.1.1.1        YES manual  down                 up     
Serial1/0                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Serial1/1                  12.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up     
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Loopback0                  1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    up     
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
  R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#inter f0/0
R1(config-if)#shut   启用接口
R1(config-if)#end
R1#show ip
*Mar  1 00:10:44.927: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Mar  1 00:10:45.315: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to administratively down
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
R1#
*Mar  1 00:10:46.315: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to down
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#inter f0/0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:12:12.319: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:12:13.319: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#do ping 12.1.1.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/48/84 ms
R1(config-if)#do ping 2.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1(config-if)#end

R1#
*Mar  1 00:19:42.071: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
R1(config)#end
R1#ping
*Mar  1 00:20:15.443: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#ping 2.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/68/96 ms
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3
R1(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3

R1(config)#do ping 23.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/54/100 ms
R1(config)#do ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/73/116 ms
R1(config)#no ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3
R1(config)#no ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3
R1(config)#ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0
R1(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0
R1(config)#do ping 23.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/45/64 ms
R1(config)#do ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 48/68/84 ms
R1(config)#end
R1#show ar
*Mar  1 00:28:52.415: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show arp
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  3.3.3.3                 0   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  13.1.1.1                -   cc00.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  13.1.1.3               14   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  23.1.1.3                0   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
R1#clear arp
R1#conf t

R1#
*Mar  1 00:30:21.299: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show arp
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  3.3.3.3                 0   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  13.1.1.1                -   cc00.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  13.1.1.3                0   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  23.1.1.3                0   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
R1#ping 23.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 48/69/100 ms
R1#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/52/104 ms
R1#
R1#
R1#
R1#clear arp
R1#ping 23.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R1#show arp
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr   Type   Interface
Internet  13.1.1.1                -   cc00.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
Internet  13.1.1.3                8   cc02.0bdc.0000  ARPA   FastEthernet0/0
R1#

 

 

R2：

R2(config)#inter s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#inter s1/1
R2(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:05:49.747: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:05:50.747: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#inter lo 0
R2(config-if)#i
*Mar  1 00:06:12.547: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:06:13.547: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/1, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.
*Mar  1 00:06:14.123: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
*Mar  1 00:06:22.539: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#
*Mar  1 00:06:35.383: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/1, changed state to down
R2#
*Mar  1 00:07:05.363: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/1, changed state to up
R2#show ip inter br
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Serial1/0                  12.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     
Serial1/1                  23.1.1.2        YES manual up                    up     
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Loopback0                  2.2.2.2         YES manual up                    up     
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R2#ping 23.1.1.3

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 23.1.1.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/46/80 ms
R2#
R2#
R2#conf
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 s1/0
R2(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 s1/1
R2(config)#ip route 13.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1
R2(config)#

 

R3:

 

R3(config)#inter s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#inter
*Mar  1 00:06:50.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:06:51.135: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#inter f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#inter lo 0
R3(config-if)#
*Mar  1 00:07:11.923: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:07:12.923: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add
*Mar  1 00:07:14.759: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#end
R3#
*Mar  1 00:07:25.839: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3#show ip inter b  
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            13.1.1.3        YES manual up                    up     
Serial1/0                  23.1.1.3        YES manual up                    up     
Serial1/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Serial1/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Serial1/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   
Loopback0                  3.3.3.3         YES manual up                    up     
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       13.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R3#ping 13.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 48/72/116 ms
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#inter f0/0
R3(config-if)#no ip pr
R3(config-if)#no ip proxy-arp   关闭代理ARP ，然后用R1 PING ,将无法PING通3.3.3.3和23.1.1.3 。
R3(config-if)#
R3(config-if)#end
R3#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R3(config)#ip r
*Mar  1 00:54:52.967: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R3(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 s1/0
R3(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.1
R3(config)#ip route 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.1
R3(config)#

 

 

总结

 

配置静态路由时：

  外出本地接口 AD为0， 用于PPP/HDLC

 

 下一跳地址   AD 为1  用于NBMA 或者MA。