返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

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返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

作者： webabcd


介绍
asp.net mvc 之 asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性：如通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证及客户端验证，MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合，对异步 Controller 的支持，对 Area 的支持，新增的一些帮助方法等


示例
1、新特性总结
Index.aspx

<%@ Page Language= "C#" MasterPageFile= "~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits= "System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %>

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "TitleContent" runat= "server">
        Home Page
</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "MainContent" runat= "server">
        <h2><%: ViewData[ "Message"] %></h2>
        <p>
                <a href= "Category" target= "_blank">Demo</a>
        </p>
        <p>
                1、<a href= "Category/Create" target= "_blank">通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证；对客户端验证的支持</a>
        </p>
        <p>
                2、<a href= "AsynchronousController" target= "_blank">对异步 Controller 的支持</a>
        </p>
        <p>
                3、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合
                <br />
                <a href= "Category/Edit/21" target= "_blank">实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>
                <br />
                <a href= "Category/Edit2/21" target= "_blank">实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>
                <br />
                新增了对模板的支持（模板源自 Dynamic Data）
        </p>
        <p>
ActionResult View() ActionResult View(int id, [DefaultValue(1)]int page) { }
        </p>
        <p>
                5、关于路由的新特性，参看：http://webabcd.blog.51cto.com/1787395/341124
        </p>
        <p>
                6、Html.Hidden() 增强 - 其可以用于保存二进制（Binary 类型或 byte[] 类型）数据
                <br />
                比如：
                <br />
                <%= Html.Hidden( "Photo", Model.Photo) %>
                <br />
                生成的 html 为：
                <br />
                <input type= "hidden" name= "Photo" value= "QVNQLk5FVCBNVkMgaXMgZnVuIQ................................." />
        </p>
        <p>
                7、在 VS 2010 中增加了 asp.net mvc 相关的代码片段
                <br />
                组合键 ctrl+k ctrl+b 调出代码片段管理器后查看
        </p>
        <p>
                8、新增了一个名为 RequireHttpsAttribute 的 Action Filter - 其作用就是用于只允许 HTTPS 请求。默认情况下，如果是 HTTP 请求，则会自动跳转到 HTTPS 请求
        </p>
        <p>
                9、只有 HTTP POST 请求才能返回 JsonResult    
        </p>
        <p>
                10、新增了 HttpPostAttribute HttpPutAttribute HttpGetAttribute HttpDeleteAttribute ，以前是类似这样写的 AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)
        </p>
        <p>
                11、UrlParameter. Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值，则从url参数中获取该参数的值。示例如下
                <br />
                routes.MapRoute(
                         "Default",
                         "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                         new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter. Optional }
                );
                <br />
                <a href= "Category/?pageIndex=0" target= "_blank">使用 UrlParameter. Optional 的一个演示</a>
        </p>
        <p>
                12、对 Area 的支持 - 允许在一个应用程序内存在多套 MVC，在项目中单击右键 -> Add -> Area...（详见示例程序中的 Areas 目录）
        </p>
        <p>
                13、新增的一些帮助方法
                <br />
                Html.EditorFor(), Html.DisplayFor(), Html.DisplayTextFor(), Html.ValidationMessageFor(), Html.TextBoxFor(), Html.TextAreaFor(), Html.DropDownListFor(), Html.CheckboxFor(), Html.RadioButtonFor(), Html.ListBoxFor(), Html.PasswordFor(), Html.HiddenFor(), Html.LabelFor()
                <br />
                它们主要用于实现 Scaffold，以及为 Property 或 Model 指定显示模板或编辑模板
        </p>
</asp:Content>

 

 

2、异步 Controller 的 Demo
Areas/AsynchronousController/Controllers/HomeController.cs

/*
* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 异步 Controller
*         1、需要继承基类 AsyncController
*         2、在 Async 为后缀的方法中写发起异步操作的逻辑；在 Completed 为后缀的方法中写异步操作完成后的逻辑；此两个方法的前缀就是这个异步 Controller 的 Action
*         3、AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment() - 递增当前异步操作的计数器；AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement(); - 递减当前异步操作的计数器。当异步操作的计数器为 0 时，则调用以 Completed 为后缀的方法
*         4、AsyncManager.Parameters[key] - 传递指定参数到以 Completed 为后缀的方法中
*/

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Net;
using System.Xml;
using System.ServiceModel.Syndication;

namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers
{
        [HandleError]
         public class HomeController : AsyncController
        {
                // IndexAsync() 以及 IndexCompleted() 是一对，其 Action 为 Index

                // 开始一个异步操作
void IndexAsync() void IndexAsync()
                {
                        // 递增计数器
                        AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment();

                        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create( "http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/rss");
                        request.BeginGetResponse( new AsyncCallback(OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted), request);
                }

                // 完成异步操作后
ActionResult IndexCompleted() ActionResult IndexCompleted(IEnumerable<SyndicationItem> items)
                {
                        ViewData[ "Message"] = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!";
                        ViewData[ "SyndicationItems"] = items;
                        return View();
                }

void OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted() void OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted(IAsyncResult result)
                {
                        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)result.AsyncState;
                        HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(result);

                        using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(response.GetResponseStream()))
                        {
                                SyndicationFeed feed = SyndicationFeed.Load(reader);

                                // 传递指定参数到 IndexCompleted() 方法中
                                AsyncManager.Parameters[ "items"] = feed.Items;

                                // 递减计数器，当计数器为 0 时，则调用 IndexCompleted()
                                AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement();
                        }
                }
        }
}

 

Areas/AsynchronousController/Views/Home/Index.aspx

<%@ Page Language= "C#" Inherits= "System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<%@ Import Namespace= "System.ServiceModel.Syndication" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns= "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat= "server">
        <title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
        <div>
                <h2>
                        <%: ViewData[ "Message"] %></h2>
                <div>
                        <!--
                                调用异步 Controller 的 Demo
                                注意： Inherits= "System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>"，这里用了 dynamic 类型
                        -->
                        <% foreach (SyndicationItem item in (IEnumerable<SyndicationItem>)ViewData[ "SyndicationItems"])
                             { %>
                        <a href= "<%= item.Id %>">
                                <%= item.Title.Text %></a><br />
                        <% } %>
                </div>
        </div>
</body>
</html>

 

 

3、Area 的 Demo
Areas/AsynchronousController/AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration.cs

/*
* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 Area 的支持，其允许在一个应用程序内实现多套 MVC
*         1、新建 Area：右键 -> Add -> Area...
*         2、继承 AreaRegistration，配置对应此 Area 的路由
*         3、在 Global 中通过 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 注册此 Area
*         4、有了 Area，就一定要配置路由的命名空间
*/

using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController
{
        // 新建一个 Area 会自动生成这个继承自 AreaRegistration 的类
        // 如果需要使用此 Area 下的 MVC， 需要在 Global 中 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
         public class AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration
        {
                 public override string AreaName
                {
                         get
                        {
                                return "AsynchronousController";
                        }
                }

override void RegisterArea() override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context)
                {
                        // 在 Area 中配置路由的时候，要设置命名空间（即本例中的第 4 个参数）
                        context.MapRoute(
                                 "AsynchronousController_default",
                                 "AsynchronousController/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
                                 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter. Optional }, // Parameter defaults
                                 new string[] { "MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers" }
                        );
                }
        }
}

 

Global.asax

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace MVC20
{
         public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
        {
static void RegisterRoutes() static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
                {
                        routes.IgnoreRoute( "{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

                        // 用于本项目中使用了 Area，所以在配置路由的时候，要设置命名空间（即本例中的第 4 个参数）
                        routes.MapRoute(
                                 "Default", // Route name
                                 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters
                                 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter. Optional }, // UrlParameter. Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值，则从url参数中获取该参数的值
                                 new string[] { "MVC20.Controllers"}
                        );
                }

void Application_Start() void Application_Start()
                {
                        // 注册本应用程序中的所有 Area
                        AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

                        RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
                }
        }
}

 

 

4、对 DataAnnotations 的支持，实现数据验证（包括客户端验证）
Metadata.cs

/*
* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 DataAnnotations 的支持，可以实现验证及 Scaffold
*/

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MVC20.Models
{
        [MetadataType(typeof(ProductCategory_Metadata))]
         public partial class ProductCategory
        {

        }

         public class ProductCategory_Metadata
        {
                [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false, ErrorMessage = "{0} 为必填字段")]
                [NameValidation(ErrorMessage = "{0} 只能是数字")]
                [Display(Name= "名称")]
                 public string Name;

                [ScaffoldColumn( false)]
                 public object ModifiedDate { get; set; }

                // DisplayValue= true - 默认值。在显示模板中，用一个 lable 显示指定的值；在编辑模板中，用一个 lable 显示指定的值，并用一个 hidden input 保存该值
                // DisplayValue= false - 在显示模板中，不做任何显示；在编辑模板中，不做任何显示，但会用一个 hidden input 保存该值
                [System.Web.Mvc.HiddenInput(DisplayValue= true)]
                 public object rowguid { get; set; }
        }

        // 通过继承 RegularExpressionAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute
        // 通过继承 ValidationAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute 的 Demo 可以参看 http://webabcd.blog.51cto.com/1787395/341156
         public class NameValidationAttribute : RegularExpressionAttribute
        {
NameValidationAttribute() NameValidationAttribute()
                        : base( "^[0-9]*$")
                {
    
                }
        }
}

 

CategoryController.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

using MVC20.Models;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVC20.Controllers
{
         public class CategoryController : Controller
        {
                // DefaultValueAttribute - 用于为参数指定默认值。当路由或url参数中无此参数时，则会使用此默认值
ActionResult Index() ActionResult Index([DefaultValue(2)]int pageIndex)
                {
                        int pageSize = 10;
                        var categories = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(pageIndex, pageSize);

                        return View( "Index", categories);
                }
                
ActionResult Edit() ActionResult Edit(int id)
                {
                        var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

                        return View( "Edit", category);
                }

                // 用于演示实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data
                [HttpPost]
ActionResult Edit() ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection formValues)
                {
                        var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
                        var category = cs.GetCategory(id);

                        TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);

                        cs.Save();

                        return RedirectToAction( "Index");
                }

ActionResult Edit2() ActionResult Edit2(int id)
                {
                        var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

                        return View( "Edit2", category);
                }

                // 用于演示实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data
                [HttpPost]
ActionResult Edit2() ActionResult Edit2(int id, FormCollection formValues)
                {
                        var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
                        var category = cs.GetCategory(id);

                        TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);

                        cs.Save();

                        return RedirectToAction( "Index");
                }

ActionResult Details() ActionResult Details(int id)
                {
                        var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

                        return View( "Details", category);
                }

ActionResult Create() ActionResult Create()
                {
                        ProductCategory category = new ProductCategory()
                        {
                                
                        };

                        return View(category);
                }

                // 用于演示通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证
                [HttpPost]
ActionResult Create() ActionResult Create(ProductCategory category)
                {
                         if (!ModelState.IsValid)
                        {
                                return View(category);
                        }
                         else
                        {
                                var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();
                                cs.AddCategory(category);
                                cs.Save();

                                return View( "Details", category);
                        }
                }
        }
}

 

Create.aspx

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master " Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "TitleContent" runat= "server">
        Create
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "MainContent" runat= "server">

        <!--
                为了实现客户端验证，需要引用以下两个 JavaScript
        -->
        <script src= "http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" type= "text/javascript"></script>
        <script src= "http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcValidation.js" type= "text/javascript"></script>

        <h2>Create</h2>

        <!--启用客户端验证功能-->
        <% Html.EnableClientValidation(); %>

        <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>
    
                <!--    Html.ValidationSummary Helper Method Can Display Model-Level Errors -->
                <%: Html.ValidationSummary( "错误信息如下：")%>

                <fieldset>
                        <legend>Fields</legend>
                        
                        <div class= "editor-label">
                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>
                        </div>
                        <div class= "editor-field">
                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>
                                <!--
                                        验证的错误信息来自 DataAnnotations，也可以通过 ValidationMessageFor() 来指定需要显示的错误信息
                                -->
                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID, "*") %>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class= "editor-label">
                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
                        </div>
                        <div class= "editor-field">
                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class= "editor-label">
                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name) %>
                        </div>
                        <div class= "editor-field">
                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Name) %>
                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) %>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class= "editor-label">
                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
                        </div>
                        <div class= "editor-field">
                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.rowguid) %>
                        </div>
                        
                        <div class= "editor-label">
                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>
                        </div>
                        <div class= "editor-field">
                                <%: Html.TextBox( "ModifiedDate", DateTime.Now.ToString( "yyyy-MM-dd")) %>
                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>
                        </div>
                        
                        <p>
                                <input type= "submit" value= "Create" />
                        </p>
                </fieldset>

        <% } %>

        <div>
                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Back to List", "Index") %>
        </div>

</asp:Content>

 

 

5、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 相结合的 Demo

相关的 DataAnnotations 就用上面的那个

Category/Edit.aspx

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master " Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "TitleContent" runat= "server">
        Edit
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "MainContent" runat= "server">
        <h2>
                Edit</h2>

        <% using (Html.BeginForm()) { %>

                <%: Html.ValidationSummary( "错误信息如下：")%>

                <%= Html.EditorFor(category => category) %>

                <input type= "submit" value= "Save" />

        <% } %>

        <div>
                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Back to List", "Index") %>
        </div>
</asp:Content>

 

Category/Edit2.aspx

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master " Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "TitleContent" runat= "server">
        Edit2
</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "MainContent" runat= "server">

        <h2>Edit2</h2>

        <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>
        
                <%: Html.ValidationSummary( "错误信息如下：")%>
                        
                <fieldset>
                        <legend>Fields</legend>
                        
                        <%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID)%>
                        </br>
                        <%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.Name) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.Name)%>
                        
                        <p>
                                <input type= "submit" value= "Save" />
                        </p>
                </fieldset>

        <% } %>

        <div>
                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Back to List", "Index") %>
        </div>

</asp:Content>

 

Category/Index.aspx

<%@ Page Title= "" Language="C# " MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master " Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<IEnumerable<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>>" %>

<asp:Content ID= "Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID= "TitleContent" runat= "server">
        Index
</asp:Content>
<asp:Content ID= "Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID= "MainContent" runat= "server">
        <h2>
                Index</h2>
        <table>
                <tr>
                        <th>
                        </th>
                        <th>
                                ProductCategoryID
                        </th>
                        <th>
                                ParentProductCategoryID
                        </th>
                        <th>
                                名称
                        </th>
                        <th>
                                rowguid
                        </th>
                        <th>
                                ModifiedDate
                        </th>
                </tr>
                <% foreach (var item in Model)
                     { %>
                <tr>
                        <td>
                                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID }) %>
                                |
                                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Details", "Details", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>
                                |
                                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                                <%: item.ProductCategoryID %>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                                <%: item.ParentProductCategoryID %>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                                <%: Html.DisplayTextFor(c => item.Name)%>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                                <%: item.rowguid %>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                                <!--
                                        Html.DisplayFor() - 可以指定显示模板（可以指定 Property 级模板，也可以指定 Model 级模板），本例的模板地址为 Views/Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx ，这种实现方式来自 Dynamic Data
                                -->
                                <%= Html.DisplayFor(Product => item.ModifiedDate, "MyDate")%>
                        </td>
                </tr>
                <% } %>
        </table>
        <p>
                <%= Html.RouteLink( "上一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString[ "pageIndex"] ?? "2") - 1 })%>
                |
                <%= Html.RouteLink( "下一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString[ "pageIndex"] ?? "2") + 1 })%>
        </p>
        <p>
                <%: Html.ActionLink( "Create New", "Create") %>
        </p>
</asp:Content>

 

Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx

<%@ Control Language= "C#" Inherits= "System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<dynamic>" %>
<%= Html.Encode( String.Format( "{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", Model)) %>

 

 

OK
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