datatable与SqlDataReader

对datatable的认识:
以前只是用过用datatable来保存从数据库中获得的数据却不知道在得到数据

后也可以自己添加有关数据。例如下面的例子:
 SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from users", "data

source=.;Initial catalog=coment_db;Integrated Security=true");
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            da.Fill(dt);
            dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
            dt.Columns.Add("性别", typeof(int));

            dt.Columns.Add("男女", typeof(string), "IIF([id]

=1,'女',IIF([id]=5,'男','人妖'))");

            dt.Rows.Add(1);
            dt.Rows.Add(0);

            DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
            dr[0] = 1;
            dr[1] = "桂素伟";
            dr[2] = "222222";

            dt.Rows.Add(dr);
注意dt.Columns.Add()中可以有三个参数。而第三个参数可以使任何的表达

式:例如:IIF([id]=1,'女',IIF([id]=5,'男','人妖'))或者sum 、avg等函

数。在DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();时注意不要去new出DataRow它的对象。
再看下面的例子:
            //dt.Columns.Add("单价", typeof(double));
            //dt.Columns.Add("数量", typeof(int));
            //dt.Columns.Add("金额", typeof(double), "单价*数量");
            //dt.Rows.Add(23.5, 5);
            //dt.Rows.Add(35, 10);
            //dt.Rows.Add(40, 2);
            //DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
            //dr[0] = 1.6;
            //dr[1] = 67;
            //dt.Rows.Add(dr);
这个例子告诉我们dt.Columns.Add()中第三个参数可以运算而且是两个列名

的相乘。和一些如上面的例子使用时的类似的应用。
下面谈谈SqlDataReader的一些特性:
using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Initial

catalog=coment_db;Integrated Security=true"))
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = con;
                cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM getsexcount

('true')";
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                cmd.Parameters.Add("@tssex", SqlDbType.Bit).Value =

radioButton1.Checked;
                try
                {
                    con.Open();
                    SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                   // DataTable dt = new DataTable();
                    //dt.Load(dr);
                   // dataGridView3.DataSource = dt;
  //另一种方法
   while (sdr.Read())
                {

                    listBox1.Items.Add(sdr.GetValue(0).ToString() +

"-" + sdr.GetValue(1).ToString() + "-" + sdr.GetValue(2).ToString

());
                }
                sdr.Close();
                }
                catch (Exception exc)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(exc.Message);
                }
                finally
                {
                    con.Close();
                }
上面的例子是SqlDataReader的两种使用方法,注意sdr.Read()是一次读取一

行,读一行返回一行。
那么我们就来说说SqlDataReader与DataTable的区别:DataTable为内存表,

当把数据库中的数据读取到DataTable中时,我们在界面上做操作时是对内存

表的操作并没有改变数据库表的内容。SqlDataReader为长连接,当连接关闭

时将无法再进行读取数据,它是只读且只进的数据。
下面我们谈谈存储过程的使用和事务的使用:
存储过程:带输出参数的存数过程。
 using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Initial

catalog=coment_db;Integrated Security=true"))
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = con;
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                cmd.CommandText = "TSMessageCount";//存储过程名称
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                cmd.Parameters.Add("@begindt",

SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = dateTimePicker1.Value;
                cmd.Parameters.Add("@enddt",

SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = dateTimePicker2.Value;

                SqlParameter SP = new SqlParameter();
                SP.ParameterName = "@Count";
                SP.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Int;
                SP.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(SP);

                try
                {
                    con.Open();
                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    MessageBox.Show(SP.Value.ToString());//注意我们

需要得到输出参数的值

                   
                }
                catch(Exception exc)
                {
                  MessageBox.Show(exc.Message);
                 }
                finally
                {
                    con.Close();
                }
            }

下面是事务的具体应用的例子:
 SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Initial

catalog=coment_db;Integrated Security=true");
            SqlTransaction sta = null;
            try
            {
                conn.Open();
                sta = conn.BeginTransaction();
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = conn;
                cmd.Transaction = sta;
                cmd.CommandText = "insert into tsmessage values

('aaaa',1,GetDate(),1)";
                cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

                SqlCommand cmd1 = new SqlCommand();
                cmd1.Connection = conn;
                cmd1.Transaction = sta;
                cmd1.CommandText = "delete tspersons  where 1=2";
                cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery();
                sta.Commit();
            }
            catch
            {
                sta.Rollback();
            }
            finally
            {
                conn.Close();
            }
只有当上面的两条语句都执行成功时,才会提交到数据库表中否则会回滚事务

。两条都不会执行。
下面看看用自定义函数是想的功能:
 //调用sql自定议函数返回值为单值的函数
        private void button9_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection

("server=.;database=coment_db;uid=sa;pwd=sa;"))
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = con;
                cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                cmd.CommandText = "MyGsw";
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                cmd.Parameters.Add("@sex", SqlDbType.Bit).Value =

radioButton1.Checked;

                SqlParameter sp = new SqlParameter();
                sp.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;
                sp.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Int;
                cmd.Parameters.Add(sp);              

                DataTable dt = new DataTable();
                try
                {
                    con.Open();
                    cmd.ExecuteReader ();
                    MessageBox.Show(sp.Value .ToString ());         

        
                }
                catch (Exception exc)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(exc.Message);
                }
                finally
                {
                    con.Close();
                }
            }
        }
        //调用sql中自定义函数返回值为表的函数
        private void button10_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection

("server=.;database=coment_db;uid=sa;pwd=sa;"))
            {
                SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = con;           
                cmd.CommandText = "select * from MyTable(@sex)";
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                cmd.Parameters.Add("@sex", SqlDbType.Bit).Value =

radioButton1.Checked;
                try
                {                  
                    con.Open();         
                    SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
                    DataTable dt = new DataTable();
                    dt.Load(dr);
                    dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
                }
                catch (Exception exc)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(exc.Message);
                }
                finally
                {
                    con.Close();
                }
            }
        }

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