多线程同步之 Mutex (互斥对象)

原理分析:

  互斥对象是系统内核对象, 各线程都可以拥有它, 谁拥有谁就能执行;

  执行完毕, 用 ReleaseMutex 函数释放拥有权, 以让其他等待的线程使用.

  其他线程可用 WaitForSingleObject 函数排队等候(等候也可以理解为排队申请).

  使用过程:

var hMutex: THandle; {应该先声明一个全局的互斥句柄}
CreateMutex     {建立一个互斥对象}
WaitForSingleObject {用等待函数排队等候}
ReleaseMutex     {释放拥有权}
CloseHandle     {最后释放互斥对象}

  ReleaseMutex、CloseHandle 的参数都是 CreateMutex 返回的句柄, 关键是 CreateMutex 函数:

function CreateMutex(
 lpMutexAttributes: PSecurityAttributes;
 bInitialOwner: BOOL; {是否让创建者(此例中是主线程)拥有该互斥对象}
 lpName: PWideChar  {可以给此互斥对象取个名字, 如果不要名字可赋值为 nil}
): THandle;
{
1、第一个参数前面说过.
2、第二个参数在这里一定要是 False, 如果让主线程拥有互斥, 从理论上讲, 得等程序退出后其他线程才有机会;
  取值 False 时, 第一个执行的线程将会最先拥有互斥对象, 一旦拥有其他线程就得先等等.
3、第三个参数, 如果给个名字, 函数将从系统中寻找是否有重名的互斥对象, 如果有则返回同名对象的存在的句柄;
  如果赋值为 nil 将直接创建一个新的互斥对象; 下个例子将会有名字. }

  本例效果图:

多线程同步之 Mutex (互斥对象)_第1张图片

代码文件:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
 Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
 Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
 TForm1 = class(TForm)
  Button1: TButton;
  procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
 end;
var
 Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
var
 f: Integer;   {用这个变量协调一下各线程输出的位置}
 hMutex: THandle; {互斥对象的句柄}
function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;
var
 i,y: Integer;
begin
 Inc(f);
 y := 20 * f;
 for i := 0 to 50000 do
 begin
  if WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
  begin
   Form1.Canvas.Lock;
   Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));
   Form1.Canvas.Unlock;
   Sleep(0); {稍稍耽搁一点, 不然有时 Canvas 会协调不过来}
   ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
  end;
 end;
 Result := 0;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
 ThreadID: DWORD;
begin
 Repaint;
 f := 0;
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
 hMutex := CreateMutex(nil, False, nil);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
 CloseHandle(hMutex);
end;
end.

SyncObjs 单元下有封装好的 TMutex 类, 好像不如 Api 快, 内部机制也稍有区别, 但使用方法差不多:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
 Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
 Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
 TForm1 = class(TForm)
  Button1: TButton;
  procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
 end;
var
 Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses SyncObjs;
var
 f: Integer;
 MyMutex: TMutex;
function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;
var
 i,y: Integer;
begin
 Inc(f);
 y := 20 * f;
 for i := 0 to 50000 do
 begin
  if MyMutex.WaitFor(INFINITE) = wrSignaled then
  begin
   Form1.Canvas.Lock;
   Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));
   Form1.Canvas.Unlock;
   MyMutex.Release;
  end;
 end;
 Result := 0;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
 ThreadID: DWORD;
begin
 Repaint;
 f := 0;
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
 MyMutex := TMutex.Create(False);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
 MyMutex.Free;
end;
end.

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