Java图形界面设计——substance皮肤

先看一段代码吧。 

Java代码  

1. public class LAF_Local_1 extends javax.swing.JFrame {  

2.     public LAF_Local_1() {  

3.         super("透明窗体");  

4.         this.setLayout(new java.awt.FlowLayout());  

5.         this.add(new javax.swing.JButton("按钮"));  

6.         this.add(new javax.swing.JCheckBox("复选按钮"));  

7.         this.add(new javax.swing.JRadioButton("单选按钮"));  

8.         this.add(new javax.swing.JProgressBar(20, 100));  

9.         this.setSize(new java.awt.Dimension(400, 300));  

10.         this.setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  

11.     }  

12.   

13.     public static void main(String[] args) {  

14.         javax.swing.JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);  

15.         javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {  

16.             public void run() {  

17.                 java.awt.Window w = new LAF_Local_1();  

18.                 w.setVisible(true);  

19.                 com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowShape(w,   

20.                         new java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D.Double(0, 0,  

21.  w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()));  

22.                 com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);  

23.             }  

24.         });  

25.     }  

26. }  

先说可能遇到的问题：“com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);”此行代码会报错“Access restriction: The type AWTUtilities is not accessible due to restriction on required library D:\Program Files\jdk1.6.0_24\jre\lib\rt.jar”，而解决的方法也很怪异，要在要在project build path中先移除JRE System Library，再添加库JRE System Library，之后就可以了。类似的问题也可以如此解决。还试过强行运行程序，也没问题。而project build path在哪，下面在介绍添加第三方jar包时，你就能看到它。 

在上面的代码中，没用到第三方的jar包，只是掉用几个比较偏的方法也可玩点花样。 
javax.swing.JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);这一语句具体意思我还说不清楚，可查看AIP文档。加上此语句，界面看上去很不顺眼，难看。 
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowShape(w, new java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D.Double(0, 0, w.getWidth(), w.getHeight()));没有解释，但从方法名及效果上看可知此语句能改变窗体的形状，前提是必须加上上面那句语句。为啥，不知道。 
com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);添加此语句可改变窗体的透明度。第二个参数的赋值范围是0.0f~1.0f，数值越小，窗体透明度越高。 


Swing中还自带了一款皮肤，看上去还蛮顺眼的。将上一段代码中的main方法改一下： 
  

Java代码  

1. public static void main(String[] args) {  

2.          try {  

3.             javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel");  

4.         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  

5.             e.printStackTrace();  

6.         } catch (InstantiationException e) {  

7.             e.printStackTrace();  

8.         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {  

9.             e.printStackTrace();  

10.         } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException e) {  

11.             e.printStackTrace();  

12.         }            

13.   

14.         javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {  

15.             public void run() {  

16.                 java.awt.Window w = new LAF_Local_1();  

17.                 w.setVisible(true);  

18.                 com.sun.awt.AWTUtilities.setWindowOpacity(w, 0.6f);  

19.             }  

20.         });  

21.     }  

此款皮肤支持上面提到的改变窗体透明度的方法，不支持上面的改变窗体形状的方法。至于能否满足要求，因人而异喽。接下来将介绍一款第三方的皮肤库：substance.jar。 

不同版本的substance皮肤库其皮肤的样式及所在目录可能会不同。我用的是5.2版本的。其所有皮肤都再org.jvnet.substance.skin目录下，皮肤样式类名如下： 

• AutumnSkin

• BusinessSkin

• BusinessBlackSteelSkin

• BusinessBlueSteelSkin

• ChallengerDeepSkin

• CremeCoffeeSkin

• CremeSkin

• DustCoffeeSkin

• DustSkin

• EmeraldDuskSkin

• MagmaSkin

• MistAquaSkin

• MistSilverSkin

• ModerateSkin

• NebulaBrickWallSkin

• NebulaSkin

• OfficeBlue2007Skin

• OfficeSilver2007Skin

• RavenGraphiteGlassSkin

• RavenGraphiteSkin

• RavenSkin

• SaharaSkin

• TwilightSkin

• 
  

• /---------------------------------------------/

• SubstanceAutumnLookAndFeel

• SubstanceBusinessBlackSteelLookAndFeel

• SubstanceBusinessBlueSteelLookAndFeel

• SubstanceBusinessLookAndFeel

• SubstanceChallengerDeepLookAndFeel

• SubstanceCremeCoffeeLookAndFeel

• SubstanceCremeLookAndFeel

• SubstanceDustCoffeeLookAndFeel

• SubstanceDustLookAndFeel

• SubstanceEmeraldDuskLookAndFeel

• SubstanceMagmaLookAndFeel

• SubstanceMistAquaLookAndFeel

• SubstanceMistSilverLookAndFeel

• SubstanceModerateLookAndFeel

• SubstanceNebulaBrickWallLookAndFeel

• SubstanceNebulaLookAndFeel

• SubstanceOfficeBlue2007LookAndFeel

• SubstanceOfficeSilver2007LookAndFeel

• SubstanceRavenGraphiteGlassLookAndFeel

• SubstanceRavenGraphiteLookAndFeel

• SubstanceRavenLookAndFeel

• SubstanceSaharaLookAndFeel

• SubstanceTwilightLookAndFee

• 
  

• /----------------------------------------------/

• SubstanceCrosshatchWatermark

• SubstanceImageWatermark

• SubstanceNoiseWatermark

• SubstanceNullWatermark

• SubstancePlanktonWatermark

• SubstanceStripeWatermark

• SubstanceWatermarkl

以上水印还有待测试 
使用substance的方法有多种；以下介绍两种： 

/---------------------------1---------------------------/： 
将上面例子中的main函数做一下改变 

Java代码  

1. public static void main(String[] args) {  

2.   

3.         JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); //加上此语句连同窗体外框也改变  

4.         JDialog.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); //加上此语句会使弹出的对话框也改变  

5.          try {  

6.                 //新建一个图片水印，路径可以自己该，使用自己喜欢的图片来做应用程序的水印图片,貌似图片要在src子目录下  

7.                 SubstanceImageWatermark watermark = new SubstanceImageWatermark(LAF_Local_4.class.getResourceAsStream("001.bmp"));  

8.                   

9.                 watermark.setKind(ImageWatermarkKind.APP_CENTER);  

10.                 watermark.setOpacity((float) 0.7); //更改水印透明度  

11.                 UIManager.setLookAndFeel(new SubstanceOfficeBlue2007LookAndFeel());  

12. //              UIManager.setLookAndFeel(new SubstanceCremeLookAndFeel());  

13.                   

14.                 //可根据根据外观类型，设置相应的皮肤，实践证实不一定需要一一对应  

15. //              SubstanceSkin skin = new OfficeBlue2007Skin().withWatermark(watermark);  

16.                 SubstanceSkin skin = new CremeSkin().withWatermark(watermark);  

17.                   

18.                 //此语句设置外观  

19.                 SubstanceLookAndFeel.setSkin(skin);  

20.   

21.             } catch (UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {  

22.                 Logger.getLogger(LAF_Local_4.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);  

23.             }  

24.             java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {  

25.   

26.                 public void run() {  

27.                     LAF_Local_4 text = new LAF_Local_4();//实例化窗体对象  

28.                     text.setVisible(true);  

29.                 }  

30.             });  

31.     }  

/------------------2--------------------/: 

Java代码  

1. public static void main(String[] args) {  

2.   

3.         JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);  

4.         JDialog.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);  

5.   

6.         SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {  

7.             public void run() {  

8.                 SubstanceImageWatermark watermark = new SubstanceImageWatermark(LAF_Local_4.class.getResourceAsStream("001.bmp"));  

9.                   

10.                 watermark.setKind(ImageWatermarkKind.APP_CENTER);  

11.                 watermark.setOpacity((float) 0.7);  

12.                 SubstanceLookAndFeel.setSkin(new OfficeBlue2007Skin().withWatermark(watermark));  

13.                 try {  

14.                     new LAF_Local_3().setVisible(true);  

15.   

16.                 } catch (Exception e) {  

17.                     e.printStackTrace();  

18.                 }  

19.             }  

20.         });  

21.     }  

在用上面的代码之前，应将substance.jar包导入工程中，注意是工程中。可以在src的同根目录下新建一个lib文件夹，将substance.jar包放入其中。右击工程，在弹出菜单的最下面一行有个Properties选项，左击该选项，在弹出的对话框的左面板有个Java Build Path的选项，左击该选项，此时对话框右面板变更，在对话框的最右边的面板有个Add Jar选项，将substance导入，接下来确定即可。 

本人对Substance的了解有限，只能做些表面功夫。而一个好的界面仅有皮肤是不够的，内容及其布局的安排才是真功夫，所以本人觉得界面的美化，还需要加深对布局管理器、面板的了解，这有这样才能做出好看而实用的界面。另外使用第三方的jar包美化界面会出现bug，如：本人在做连连看时用到了substance.jar包，当改变Jtable中的数据时，其框架大小就会初始化，需要将相关值重新设置，这或许就是使用它的代价吧。更多信息可上网查找资料，由于在官网找不到资源，本人使用的substance.jar包也是别人共享的，所以在这也将资源一并上传。