一般的企业管理系统免不了要访问多个数据库,如框架数据库、仓库数据库等,如何实现Spring的多数据源事务管理?下面就以两个数据库为例,描述我的整个开发过程及出现的问题,以及最后的解决方法。
我采用的是开发环境:spring4.2 + hibernate4.2 + tomcat7.0
一、设置两个事务出现的问题
开始的设计的时候就设置两个数据源,两个SessionFactory和两个事务HibernateTransactionManager,采用HibernateTemplate进行数据库操作。下面是主要配置:
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"
>
<import resource="applicationContext_framework.xml"/>
<import resource="applicationContext_stk.xml"/>
</beans>
导入两个针对不同数据库的配置
applicationContext_framework.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd"
>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.framework.dao"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.framework.dao.mssql"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.framework.service"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.framework.action"/>
<bean id="propertyConfigurerFW"
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="location" value="classpath:framework.properties"/>
</bean>
<bean id="datasourceFW"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close"
p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
p:url="${jdbc.url}"
p:username="${jdbc.username}"
p:password="${jdbc.password}" />
<bean id="sessionFactoryFW"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasourceFW"/>
<!-- -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.framework.domain"/>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">com.util.SQLServerDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<!-- 4.0-->
<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="hibernateTemplateFW"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate"
p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactoryFW" />
<bean id="transactionManagerFW"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryFW" />
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManagerFW">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="select*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="load*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="read*" read-only="true" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="sync*"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.framework.service.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
applicationContext_stk.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd"
>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.stk.dao.mssql"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.stk.service"/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.stk.action"/>
<bean id="datasourceStk"
class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close"
p:driverClassName="${jdbcstk.driverClassName}"
p:url="${jdbcstk.url}"
p:username="${jdbcstk.username}"
p:password="${jdbcstk.password}" />
<bean id="sessionFactoryStk"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="datasourceStk"/>
<!-- -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.stk.domain"/>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">com.util.SQLServerDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.">true</prop>
<!-- 4.0-->
<prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="hibernateTemplateStk"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate"
p:sessionFactory-ref="sessionFactoryStk" />
<bean id="transactionManagerStk"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryStk" />
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManagerStk">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="select*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="load*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="query*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="read*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.stk.service.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
设计Domain层,Service层,Dao层
关于Dao层的设计,我设计了一个BasoDao abstract类,以供所有的Dao继承。由于需要操作多个数据库,在BasoDao类中,加入了一个abstract函数获取hibernatetemplate.getSession函数,先通过getCurrentSession()获取,如果失败再通过openSession获取。
基本结构如下:
package com.framework.dao;
/**
* DAO基类,其它DAO可以直接继承这个DAO,不但可以复用共用的方法,还可以获得泛型的好处。
*/
public abstract class BaseDao<T> {
private Class<T> entityClass;
public abstract HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate();
/**
* 通过反射获取子类确定的泛型类
*/
public BaseDao() {
Type genType = getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
Type[] params = ((ParameterizedType) genType).getActualTypeArguments();
entityClass = (Class) params[0];
}
/**
* 根据ID加载PO实例
*
* @param id
* @return 返回相应的持久化PO实例
*/
public T load(Serializable id) {
return (T) getHibernateTemplate().load(entityClass, id);
}
/**
* 根据ID获取PO实例
*
* @param id
* @return 返回相应的持久化PO实例
*/
public T get(Serializable id) {
return (T) getHibernateTemplate().get(entityClass, id);
}
/**
* 获取PO的所有对象
*
* @return
*/
public List<T> loadAll() {
return getHibernateTemplate().loadAll(entityClass);
}
/**
* 保存PO
*
* @param entity
*/
public void save(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().save(entity);
}
public void saveOrUpdate(T entity){
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(entity);
}
/**
* 删除PO
*
* @param entity
*/
public void remove(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
}
/**
* 更改PO
*
* @param entity
*/
public void update(T entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().update(entity);
}
public Session getSession() {
Session session = getHibernateTemplate().getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
if (session == null)
session = getHibernateTemplate().getSessionFactory().openSession();
return session;
}
}
针对两种数据,再设计两个Dao类,继承于BaseDao.
框架DAO,FrameworkDao,通过spring自动注入hibernateTemplateFW
public class FrameworkDao<T> extends BaseDao<T> {
@Autowired
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplateFW;
@Override
public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
return hibernateTemplateFW;
}
}
仓库DAO,StkDao,通过spring自动注入hibernateTemplateStk
public class StkDao<T> extends BaseDao<T> {
@Autowired
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplateStk;
@Override
public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
return hibernateTemplateStk;
}
}
经过测试,这个的配置出现如下的情况:
1.框架的事务配置没有起作用,查询是没问题的,但增删改不成功。
调用框架的dao的方法的时候,会出下如下错误信息:
Could not retrieve pre-bound Hibernate session
Could not obtain transaction-synchronized Session for current thread
分析了hibernatetemplate的执行代码:
try {
session = this.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
} catch (HibernateException var12) {
this.logger.debug("Could not retrieve pre-bound Hibernate session", var12);
}
if(session == null) {
session = this.getSessionFactory().openSession();
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.MANUAL);
isNew = true;
}
getCurrentSession()返回null, session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.MANUAL),增删改需要COMMIT,但MANUAL小于COMMIT
protected void checkWriteOperationAllowed(Session session) throws InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException {
if(this.isCheckWriteOperations() && session.getFlushMode().lessThan(FlushMode.COMMIT)) {
throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.MANUAL): Turn your Session into FlushMode.COMMIT/AUTO or remove \'readOnly\' marker from transaction definition.");
}
}
2.stk事务一切正常。
出现这样的问题,后来我把如下配置注释掉:
<import resource="applicationContext_stk.xml"/>
对框架的事务配置起作用了,增删改都没问题。
结论:spring的jdbc事务(hibernate
事务)只支持一个事务配置。
二、解决的方法:
1.不要使用hibernatetemplate,直接用SessionFactory
2.采用atomikos框架
3.采用jta事务,但tomcat不支持,只能用jboss,weblogic等支持jta的服务器了。