springMVC 来自于 http://www.cnblogs.com/CBDoctor/p/3672861.html


1.web.xml 配置:
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <description>加载/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/目录下的所有XML作为Spring MVC的配置文件</description>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc/*.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</span>



  这样,所有的.htm的请求,都会被DispatcherServlet处理;

初始化 DispatcherServlet 时,该框架在 web 应用程序WEB-INF 目录中寻找一个名为[servlet-名称]-servlet.xml的文件,并在那里定义相关的Beans,重写在全局中定义的任何Beans,像上面的web.xml中的代码,对应的是dispatcher-servlet.xml;当然也可以使用<init-param>元素,手动指定配置文件的路径;dispatcher-servlet.xml 配置:
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
3        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
4        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
5        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
6        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
7        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
8        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
9        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
10             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
11             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
12             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
13             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
14             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
15             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
16             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
17             http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
18             http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
19             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
20             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
21     <!--
22         使Spring支持自动检测组件,如注解的Controller
23     -->
24     <context:component-scan base-package="com.minx.crm.web.controller"/>
25   
26     <bean id="viewResolver"
27           class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
28           p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
29           p:suffix=".jsp" />
30 </beans>

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2.spring mvc处理方法支持如下的返回方式:ModelAndView, Model, ModelMap, Map,View, String, void


ModelAndView



      
    @RequestMapping("/show1")
    public ModelAndView show1(HttpServletRequest request,
               HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
           ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("/demo2/show");
           mav.addObject("account", "account -1");
           return mav;
       }

通过ModelAndView构造方法可以指定返回的页面名称,也可以通过setViewName()方法跳转到指定的页面 , 使用addObject()设置需要返回的值,addObject()有几个不同参数的方法,可以默认和指定返回对象的名字。 调用addObject()方法将值设置到一个名为ModelMap的类属性,ModelMap是LinkedHashMap的子类, 具体请看类。




Model 是一个接口, 其实现类为ExtendedModelMap,继承了ModelMap类。

model.addAttribute("pojo", pojo);
Map



    @RequestMapping("/demo2/show")
        public Map<String, String> getMap() {
            Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
            map.put("key1", "value-1");
            map.put("key2", "value-2");
            return map;
        }



在jsp页面中可直通过${key1}获得到值, map.put()相当于request.setAttribute方法。 写例子时发现,key值包括 - . 时会有问题.
View 可以返回pdf excel等,暂时没详细了解。




String 指定返回的视图页面名称,结合设置的返回地址路径加上页面名称后缀即可访问到。



注意:如果方法声明了注解@ResponseBody ,则会直接将返回值输出到页面。 例如:

    @RequestMapping(value = "/something", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public String helloWorld()  {
    return"Hello World";
    }

上面的结果会将文本"Hello World "直接写到http响应流。

    @RequestMapping("/welcome")
    public String welcomeHandler() {
      return"center";
    }

对应的逻辑视图名为“center”,URL= prefix前缀+视图名称 +suffix后缀组成。
void  如果返回值为空,则响应的视图页面对应为访问地址

    @RequestMapping("/welcome")
    publicvoid welcomeHandler() {}

此例对应的逻辑视图名为"welcome"。
小结:

1.使用 String 作为请求处理方法的返回值类型是比较通用的方法,这样返回的逻辑视图名不会和请求 URL 绑定,具有很大的灵活性,而模型数据又可以通过 ModelMap 控制。 2.使用void,map,Model 时,返回对应的逻辑视图名称真实url为:prefix前缀+视图名称 +suffix后缀组成。 3.使用String,ModelAndView返回视图名称可以不受请求的url绑定,ModelAndView可以设置返回的视图名称。






Model model,HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap map声明变量



request.getSession().setAttribute("test", "haiwei2Session"); request.setAttribute("test", "haiwei1request"); map.addAttribute("test", "haiweiModelMap"); model.addAttribute("test", "haiweiModel");
我通过${test}这个方式取值,优先取Model和ModelMap的,Model和ModelMap是同一个东西,谁最后赋值的就取谁的,然后是request,最后是从session中获取


第一个Controller:

    package com.minx.crm.web.controller; 
     
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 
    @Controller 
    public class IndexController { 
        @RequestMapping("/index") 
        public String index() { 
            return "index"; 
        } 
    } 

package com.minx.crm.web.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public String index() {
        return "index";
    }
}

@Controller注解标识一个控制器,@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径(/index.htm),return "index"标记返回视图(index.jsp);

注:如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上,则表示一相对路径,在方法级别上,则标记访问的路径;

从@RequestMapping注解标记的访问路径中获取参数:

Spring MVC 支持RESTful风格的URL参数,如:

    @Controller 
    public class IndexController { 
     
        @RequestMapping("/index/{username}") 
        public String index(<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">@PathVariable</span>("username") String username) { 
            System.out.print(username); 
            return "index"; 
        } 
    } 

@Controller
public class IndexController {

    @RequestMapping("/index/{username}")
    public String index(@PathVariable("username") String username) {
        System.out.print(username);
        return "index";
    }
}

在@RequestMapping中定义访问页面的URL模版,使用{}传入页面参数,使用@PathVariable 获取传入参数,即可通过地址:http://localhost:8080/crm/index/tanqimin.htm 访问;

根据不同的Web请求方法,映射到不同的处理方法:

使用登陆页面作示例,定义两个方法分辨对使用GET请求和使用POST请求访问login.htm时的响应。可以使用处理GET请求的方法显示视图,使用POST请求的方法处理业务逻辑;

    @Controller 
    public class LoginController { 
        @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET) 
        public String login() { 
            return "login"; 
        } 
        @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
        public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) { 
                String username = request.getParameter("username").trim(); 
                System.out.println(username); 
            return "login2"; 
        } 
    } 

@Controller
public class LoginController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String login() {
        return "login";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String login2(HttpServletRequest request) {
            String username = request.getParameter("username").trim();
            System.out.println(username);
        return "login2";
    }
}

在视图页面,通过地址栏访问login.htm,是通过GET请求访问页面,因此,返回登陆表单视图login.jsp;当在登陆表单中使用POST请求提交数据时,则访问login2方法,处理登陆业务逻辑;

防止重复提交数据,可以使用重定向视图:

    return "redirect:/login2" 

return "redirect:/login2"

可以传入方法的参数类型:





    <strong>@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) { 
        String username = request.getParameter("username"); 
        System.out.println(username); 
        return null; 
    }</strong> 

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
return null;
}



可以传入HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse、HttpSession,值得注意的是,如果第一次访问页面,HttpSession没被创建,可能会出错;

其中,String username = request.getParameter("username");可以转换为传入的参数:



    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) { 
        String username = request.getParameter("username"); 
        System.out.println(username); 
        return null; 
    } 

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session,@RequestParam("username") String username) {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
return null;
}



使用@RequestParam 注解获取GET请求或POST请求提交的参数;

获取Cookie的值:使用@CookieValue :

获取printwriter:

可以直接在Controller的方法中传入PrintWriter对象,就可以在方法中使用:



    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    public String testParam(PrintWriter out, <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">@RequestParam</span>("username") String username) { 
        out.println(username); 
        return null; 
    } 

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(PrintWriter out, @RequestParam("username") String username) {
out.println(username);
return null;
}





获取表单中提交的值,并封装到POJO中,传入Controller的方法里:

POJO如下(User.java):



    public class User{ 
        private long id; 
        private String username; 
        private String password; 
     
        …此处省略getter,setter... 
    } 

public class User{
private long id;
private String username;
private String password;

…此处省略getter,setter...
}





通过表单提交,直接可以把表单值封装到User对象中:



    @RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) { 
        out.println(user.getUsername()); 
        return null; 
    } 

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(PrintWriter out, User user) {
out.println(user.getUsername());
return null;
}





可以把对象,put 入获取的Map对象中,传到对应的视图:





    <strong>@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST) 
    public String testParam(User user, Map model) { 
        model.put("user",user); 
        return "view"; 
    }</strong> 

@RequestMapping(value = "login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String testParam(User user, Map model) {
model.put("user",user);
return "view";
}



在返回的view.jsp中,就可以根据key来获取user的值(通过EL表达式,${user }即可);

Controller中方法的返回值:

void:多数用于使用PrintWriter输出响应数据;

String 类型:返回该String对应的View Name;

任意类型对象:

返回ModelAndView:

自定义视图(JstlView,ExcelView):
拦截器(Inteceptors):





    <strong>public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { 
        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o)  
            throws Exception { 
            return false; 
        } 
        public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav)  
            throws Exception { 
        } 
        public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn)  
            throws Exception { 
        } 
    }</strong> 

public class MyInteceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o)
throws Exception {
return false;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, ModelAndView mav)
throws Exception {
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object o, Exception excptn)
throws Exception {
}
}



拦截器需要实现HandleInterceptor接口,并实现其三个方法:

preHandle:拦截器的前端,执行控制器之前所要处理的方法,通常用于权限控制、日志,其中,Object o表示下一个拦截器;

postHandle:控制器的方法已经执行完毕,转换成视图之前的处理;

afterCompletion:视图已处理完后执行的方法,通常用于释放资源;

在MVC的配置文件中,配置拦截器与需要拦截的URL:

    <mvc:interceptors> 
        <mvc:interceptor> 
            <mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" /> 
            <bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" /> 
        </mvc:interceptor> 
    </mvc:interceptors> 

<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/index.htm" />
<bean class="com.minx.crm.web.interceptor.MyInterceptor" />
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>


国际化:

在MVC配置文件中,配置国际化属性文件:



    <bean id="messageSource" 
        class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" 
        p:basename="message"> 
    </bean> 

<bean id="messageSource"
class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"
p:basename="message">
</bean>



那么,Spring就会在项目中搜索相关的国际化属性文件,如:message.properties、message_zh_CN.properties

在VIEW中,引入Spring标签:<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring" %>,使用<spring:message code="key" />调用,即可;

如果一种语言,有多个语言文件,可以更改MVC配置文件为:



    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> 
        <property name="basenames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>message01</value> 
                <value>message02</value> 
                <value>message03</value> 
            </list> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 

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