Github教程(1)
Git基本命令
git diff：查看工作树，暂存区，最新提交之间的差别
举例:
在README.MD中增加一行
## This is the subtitle
执行git diff 命令，查看当前工作树和暂存区的区别。
$ git diff diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index fec5601..203cf31 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1 +1,2 @@ # Hello +## This is the subtitle
说明："+"表示新添加的行，"-"表示删除的行，由结果可知：增加了：## This is the subtitle
执行
git add README.md
将README.md文件加入暂存区
执行git diff HEAD 可以查看暂存区和最新提交的差别。
$ git diff HEAD diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index fec5601..203cf31 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1 +1,2 @@ # Hello +## This is the subtitle
执行
git commit –m "this is your description"
将文件提交。
git branch:显示分支列表，并标识当前所在分支
$ git branch
* master
git checkout –b:创建并且切换分支
$ git checkout -b branch-a M README.md Switched to a new branch 'branch-a'
此时再运行git branch，显示当前分支为branch-a
$ git branch * branch-a Master
在branch-a这个分支操作并提交代码，代码回提交到branch-a这个分支而不会提交到master分支。
举例：
在branch –a这个分支中修改README.md文件，增加一行：## this is branch-a 并提交，
$ git diff diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index fec5601..803aa74 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1 +1,4 @@ # Hello +## This is the subtitle + +## this is branch-a
切换至master分支
$ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
查看master中的README.md文件，无增加行。
$ cat README.md # Hello
git merge:合并分支
首先我们切换回master分支，
$ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
然后，合并master和branch-a这个分支
执行：
git merge --no-ff branch-a
系统提示合并之前需要输入一些描述信息，按ESC并输入 :wq退出即可，
$ git merge --no-ff branch-a Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy. README.md | 3 +++ 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
git log:查看历史提交记录
commit 182053ec7e8683e381996c683a7b04f43be57bd3 Merge: b1444e3 2806d72 Author: zenghui <zengh927@163.com> Date: Tue Dec 15 19:31:02 2015 +0800 Merge branch 'branch-a' commit 2806d720ed728ca55cc32c3091879eae8c8b5b5e Author: zenghui <zengh927@163.com> Date: Tue Dec 15 19:24:27 2015 +0800 add branch-a commit b1444e36a2df109ce5414f5f00fd1ea97f3c1492 Author: zenghui <zengh927@163.com> Date: Mon Dec 14 21:40:28 2015 +0800 Add T.java File commit 0f2c6b68e711d74e35490bec6e6d8ab01e6a29d9 Author: GreyZeng <410486047@qq.com> Date: Mon Dec 14 21:25:15 2015 +0800
git reset --hard + 哈希值：回溯到指定版本
执行：
$ git reset --hard b1444e36a2df109ce5414f5f00fd1ea97f3c1492
HEAD is now at b1444e3 Add T.java File
回溯到branch-a分支创建之前。
处理冲突
举例：
在master的README.md中增加一行：## FROM MASTER并提交
合并master和branch-a分支
$ git merge --no-ff branch-a Auto-merging README.md CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in README.md Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
显示冲突
用编辑器打开README.md文件发现:
# Hello
<<<<<<< HEAD
## FROM MASTER
=======
## This is the subtitle
## this is branch-a
>>>>>>> branch-a
此时，只要手动修改一下文件：
# Hello
## FROM MASTER
## This is the subtitle
## this is branch-a
再次执行git add 和 git commit 即可
git push:推送至远程仓库
推送master到远程仓库：
$ git push -u origin master Counting objects: 9, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (8/8), done. Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 889 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done. Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git b1444e3..6840c0a master -> master Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
也可以推送某个分支到远程仓库
比如：推送branch-a到远程仓库,需要执行以下命令：
$ git checkout branch-a Switched to branch 'branch-a' $ git push -u origin branch-a Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git * [new branch] branch-a -> branch-a Branch branch-a set up to track remote branch branch-a from origin.
git clone:获取远程仓库
首先我们切换到其他目录下：
执行git clone https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git
$ git clone https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello.git Cloning into 'Hello'... remote: Counting objects: 15, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done. remote: Total 15 (delta 0), reused 12 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (15/15), done. Checking connectivity... done.
从而获取到远程仓库
同时，我们可以从远程仓库获取之前推送的branch-a这个分支
$ git checkout -b branch-a origin/branch-a Branch branch-a set up to track remote branch branch-a from origin. Switched to a new branch 'branch-a'
git pull:获取最新的远程仓库：
假如有人在master分支上push了新的代码，本地需要同步最新代码
$ git pull origin master remote: Counting objects: 3, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done. remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done. From https://github.com/GreyZeng/Hello * branch master -> FETCH_HEAD 6b04921..c2c9aa0 master -> origin/master Updating 6b04921..c2c9aa0 Fast-forward README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)