MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用
试验环境：
master：192.168.1.210（CentOS6.5）
slave：192.168.1.211（CentOS6.5）
VIP：192.168.1.208
MySQL主主互备模式配置
step1：Master服务的/etc/my.cnf配置
[mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /var/lib/mysql port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock server_id = 1 log-bin = mysql-bin relay-log = mysql-relay-bin replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #指定不需要复制的库，mysql.%表示mysql库下的所有对象 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
step2：Slave服务的/etc/my.cnf配置
[mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /var/lib/mysql port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock server_id = 2 log-bin = mysql-bin relay-log = mysql-relay-bin replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
step3：重启两台主从mysql服务
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ] Starting MySQL. [ OK ] [root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ] Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
step4：查看主从的log-bin日志状态
记录File和Position的值
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
step5：创建主从同步replication用户
1、master
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replication'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.1.211', -> master_user='replication', -> master_password='replication', -> master_port=3306, -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', -> master_log_pos=414; mysql> start slave;
2、slave
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replication'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.1.210', -> master_user='replication', -> master_password='replication', -> master_port=3306, -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', -> master_log_pos=414; mysql> start slave;
同步失败可能需要停止或重设slave
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset slave;
step6：分别在master和slave上查看slave状态，验证是否成功配置主主复制模式
1、master
2、slave
slave状态同步过程可能需要重启MySQL服务
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart
step7：验证，在master上创建test1数据库，slave上查看是否同步
1、master上创建test1数据库
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'create database test1'
2、slave上查看是否同步创建test1
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show databases' +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test1 | +--------------------+
安装和配置keepalived实现MySQL双主高可用
step1：安装keepalived
方法一：使用yum安装keepalived，需要安装epel-release源
[root@master ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@slave ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived
查看keepalived相关目录
[root@slave ~]# ls /usr/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/keepalived [root@slave ~]# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived [root@slave ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
方法二：从keepalived官方网站http://www.keepalived.org下载源代码包编译安装
1、下载keepalived最新版
[root@master ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
[root@slave ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
2、安装keepalived依赖软件包
[root@master ~]# yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel
3、解压并安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz [root@master ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.19 [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# make [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# make install
查看keepalived相关的文件
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ls /etc/keepalived/ keepalived.conf samples [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
链接/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived到/sbin/目录
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
设置keepalived启动级别
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# chkconfig --add keepalived [root@master keepalived-1.2.19]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
step2：配置keepalived
1、Master的keepalived.conf配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP #master和slave都配置为BACKUP
interface eth0 #指定HA检测的网络接口
virtual_router_id 80 #虚拟路由标识，主备相同
priority 100 #定义优先级，slave设置90
advert_int 2 #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
nopreempt #不抢占模式。只在优先级高的机器上设置即可
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0 #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo rr
lb_kinf DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.210 3306 { #监听本机的IP
weight 3
notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 8
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
keepalived检测脚本，当其中一台MySQL服务出现故障down掉时，实现自动切换到正常的MySQL服务器继续提供服务
[root@master ~]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh #!/bin/bash pkill keepalived
2、Slave的keepalived.conf配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP #master和slave都配置为BACKUP
interface eth0 #指定HA检测的网络接口
virtual_router_id 80 #虚拟路由标识，主备相同
priority 90 #定义优先级，slave设置90
advert_int 2 #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0 #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo rr
lb_kinf DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.211 3306 { #监听本机的IP
weight 3
notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 8
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
step3：授权VIP的root用户权限
授权远程主机可以通过VIP登录MySQL，并测试数据复制功能
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.208' identified by '741616710'; mysql> flush privileges;
step4：测试keepalived高可用功能
1、远程主机登录通过VIP192.168.1.208登录MySQL，查看MySQL连接状态
mysql> show variables like 'hostname%'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------+ | hostname | master | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从上面查看的结果看样看出在正常情况下连接的是master
2、故障测试，停止master的MySQL服务，再次查看是否转移至slave服务器上
[root@master ~]# service mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
mysql> show variables like 'hostname%'; ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query mysql> show variables like 'hostname%'; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 1268 Current database: *** NONE *** +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | hostname | slave | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
由测试结果可以看出，keepalived成功转移MySQL服务