NSString，NSData，NSFileManager常用方法
一、利用NSString类进行文件路径的处理
文件路径格式：
NSString *path=@"/Uesrs/apple/testfile.txt"
常用方法汇总：
1.获得组成此路径的各个组成部分，结果：（"/","User","apple","testfile.txt"）
- (NSArray *)pathComponents;
2.提取路径的最后一个组成部分，结果：testfile.txt
- (NSString *)lastPathComponent;
3.删除路径的最后一个组成部分，结果：/Users/apple
- (NSString *)stringByDeletingLastPathCpmponent;
4.将path添加到先邮路径的末尾，结果：/Users/apple/testfile.txt/app.txt
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingPathConmponent:(NSString *)str;
5.去路径最后部分的扩展名，结果：text
- (NSString *)pathExtension;
6.删除路径最后部分的扩展名，结果：/Users/apple/testfile
- (NSString *)stringByDeletingPathExtension;
7.路径最后部分追加扩展名，结果：/User/apple/testfile.txt.jpg
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingPathExtension:(NSString *)str;
二、NSData二进制数据类
NSData是用来包装数据的，NSData存储的是二进制数据，屏蔽了数据之间的差异，文本、音频、图像等数据都可用NSData来存储。
NSData的用法
1.NSString与NSData互相转换
NSData－> NSString
NSString *aString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:adataencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString－>NSData
NSString *aString = @"1234abcd"; NSData *aData = [aString dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
将data类型的数据,转成UTF8的数据
+(NSString *)dataToUTF8String:(NSData *)data
{
NSString *buf = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
return [buf autorelease];
}
将string转换为指定编码
+(NSString *)changeDataToEncodinString:(NSData *)data encodin:(NSStringEncoding )encodin{
NSString *buf = [[[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:encodin] autorelease];
return buf;
}
2. NSData 与 UIImage
NSData－>UIImage
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
//例：从本地文件沙盒中取图片并转换为NSData
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ceshi.png"];
NSString *finalPath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:name];
NSData *imageData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile: finalPath];
UIImage *aimage = [UIImage imageWithData: imageData];
3.NSData与NSArray, NSDictionary
+(NSString *)getLocalFilePath:(NSString *) fileName
{
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/%@%@", NSHomeDirectory(),@“Documents”,fileName];
}
包括将NSData写进Documents目录
从Documents目录读取数据
在进行网络数据通信的时候，经常会遇到NSData类型的数据。在该数据是dictionary结构的情况下，系统没有提供现成的转换成NSDictionary的方法，为此可以通过Category对NSDictionary进行扩展，以支持从NSData到NSDictionary的转换。声明和实现如下：
+ (NSDictionary *)dictionaryWithContentsOfData:(NSData *)data {
CFPropertyListRef list = CFPropertyListCreateFromXMLData(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFDataRef)data, kCFPropertyListImmutable, NULL);
if(list == nil) return nil;
if ([(id)list isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {
return [(NSDictionary *)list autorelease];
}
else {
CFRelease(list);
return nil;
}
}
三、文件管理常用方法
NSFileManager
创建一个文件并写入数据
- (BOOL)createFileAtPath:(NSString *)path contents:(NSData *)data attributes:(NSDictionary *)attr;
从一个文件中读取数据
- (NSData *)contentsAtPath:(NSString *)path;
scrPath路径上的文件移动到dstPath路径上，注意这里的路径是文件路径而不是目录
- (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;
scrPath路径上的文件复制到dstPath路径上
- (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)scrPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **) error;
比较两个文件的内容是否一样
- (BOOL)contentsEqualAtPath:(NSString *)path1 andPath:(NSString *)path2;
文件是否存在
- (BOOL)fileExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path;
移除文件
- (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **) error;
创建文件管理
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; NSString *path = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
将字符串转成NSData类型
NSString *text = @"abcdefg"; NSData *data = [text dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
写入文件
BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:path contents:data attributes:nil];
创建文件夹
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSString *contect = @"abcdefg";
BOOL success = [fm createFileAtPath:filePath contents:[content dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding] attributes:nil];
NSFileManager-读取内容
NSData *fileData = [fileManager contentsAtPath:filePath]; NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:fileData dataUsingEncoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSData-读取内容
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"];
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentOfFile:filePath];
NSString-读取内容
NSString *filePath = [path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"holyBible.txt"]; NSString *content = [[NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
移动、复制文件
移动文件（重命名）
NSString *toPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"hellogod/New Testament.txt"];
[fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
NSError *error;
BOOL isSuccess = [fm moveItemAtPath:filePath toPath:toPath error:&error];
复制文件（重命名）
NSString *copyPath = [NSHomeDirectory( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"备份/Old Testament.txt"];
[fm createDirectoryAtPath:[toPath stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
BOOL success = [fm copyItemAtPath:toPath toPath:toPath error:nil];
删除文件、获取文件大小
判断文件是否存在和删除文件
if([fm fileExistsAtPath]) {
if ([fm removeItemAtPath:copyPath]) {
NSLog(@"remove success");
}
}
获取文件大小
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
获得文件的属性字典
NSDictionary *attrDic = [fileManager attributesOfItemAtpath:sourcePath error:nil]; NSNumber *fileSize = [attrDic objectForKey:NSFileSize];
获取目录文件信息
NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
NSString *enuPath = [NSHomeDirectoty( ) stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Test"];
NSDictionaryEnumerator *dirEnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath:enuPath];
NSString *path = nil;
while ((path = [dirEnum nextObject]} != nil){
NSLog(@"%@",path);
}