1.先添加几个RPM下载源
1.1)安装RPMforge的CentOS6源 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget -c http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# rpm –import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# rpm -i rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.*.rpm
1.2)安装epel源 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget -c http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# rpm -Uvf epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
安装完成,查看一下源列表,看到rpmforge和epel字样即可 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# ls -lh /etc/yum.repos.d
2.安装转码工具Mencoder及ffmpeg(约定:每个小点操作之前先回到用户主目录,即cd ~)
2.1)安装一些基础包,不用担心重复,已经存在的会自动忽略或升级 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# yum install gcc make automake bzip2 unzip patch subversion libjpeg-devel [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar zxvf yasm-1.2.0.tar.gz [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd yasm-1.2.0 [root@AY130611215205Z yasm-1.2.0]# ./configure [root@AY130611215205Z yasm-1.2.0]# make && make install [root@AY130611215205Z yasm-1.2.0]# cd ~ 2.2)卸载系统原有的ffmgeg和x.264,没有则跳过 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# yum remove ffmpeg x264
2.3)先安装一些Mplayer编码库(仅限于64位系统) [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget -c http://www2.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/essential-amd64-20071007.tar.bz2 上面这一步可能在部分VPS上无法下载,比如我的阿里云VPS就提示连接失败,但是可以用本机浏览器下载后上传到VPS的/root根目录去,然后继续下面的操作 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar xvjf essential-amd64-20071007.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# mkdir /usr/local/lib/codecs [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cp -Rvp essential-amd64-20071007/* /usr/local/lib/codecs/
编辑下面文件 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf 添加以下两行到上面的文件里 /usr/lib /usr/local/lib 2.4)再安装一些格式转换常用的编码库 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# yum install faac-devel lame-devel amrnb-devel opencore-amr-devel amrwb-devel libvorbis-devel libtheora-devel xvidcore-devel 2.5)安装x.264 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/last_stable_x264.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar xvjf last_stable_x264.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd x264-snapshot-20140219-2245-stable/ (这可能日期有区别,自己ls一下) [root@AY130611215205Z x264-snapshot-20140219-2245-stable]# ./configure –enable-shared –enable-pic [root@AY130611215205Z x264-snapshot-20140219-2245-stable]# make && make install [root@AY130611215205Z x264-snapshot-20140219-2245-stable]# cd ~
2.6)安装libvpx [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget http://webm.googlecode.com/files/libvpx-v1.2.0.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar xvjf libvpx-v1.2.0.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd libvpx-v1.2.0 [root@AY130611215205Z libvpx-v1.2.0]# ./configure –enable-shared –enable-pic [root@AY130611215205Z libvpx-v1.2.0]# make && make install [root@AY130611215205Z libvpx-v1.2.0]# cd ~
2.7)安装FFmpeg [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-2.0.1.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar xvjf ffmpeg-2.0.1.tar.bz2 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd ffmpeg-2.0.1 [root@AY130611215205Z ffmpeg-2.0.1]# ./configure –enable-gpl –enable-version3 –enable-shared –enable-nonfree –enable-postproc –enable-libfaac –enable-libmp3lame –enable-libopencore-amrnb –enable-libopencore-amrwb –enable-libtheora –enable-libvorbis –enable-libvpx –enable-libx264 –enable-libxvid [root@AY130611215205Z ffmpeg-2.0.1]# make && make install [root@AY130611215205Z ffmpeg-2.0.1]# cd ~ 让动态链接库被系统共享 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# ldconfig
2.8)最后安装mencoder [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# yum install mplayer mencoder flvtool2
查看一下已经安装好的音频和视频编码器 查看所有所支持的音频编码 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# mencoder -oac help 查看所有所支持的视频编码 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# mencoder -ovc help 具体结果可参考http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/zh_CN/menc-feat-selecting-codec.html
3.安装配置Nginx 3.1)先安装各种依赖(nginx需要pcre支持,yamdi用来为flv创建关键帧才能随意拖动) [root@AY130611215205Z ffmpeg-2.0.1]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel yamdi 3.2)下载所需的nginx模块 第一个是nginx_mod_h264_streaming,让nginx支持flv/mp4流播放 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget http://h264.code-shop.com/download/nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7.tar.gz [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar zxvf nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7.tar.gz 注意:先要修改一下这家伙的源码,注释掉nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7/src/ngx_http_streaming_module.c的158到161行 /* TODO: Win32 */ //if (r->zero_in_uri) // { // return NGX_DECLINED; // }
第二个是nginx-rtmp-module,让nginx支持rtmp/hls协议 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget -O nginx-rtmp-module.zip https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/archive/master.zip [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# unzip nginx-rtmp-module.zip 下载清缓存的模块 [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget -O ngx_cache_purge.zip https://github.com/FRiCKLE/ngx_cache_purge/archive/master.zip [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# unzip ngx_cache_purge.zip 3.3)下载安装nginx [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.9.tar.gz [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.2.9.tar.gz [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd nginx-1.2.9 [root@AY130611215205Z nginx-1.2.9]# ./configure –user=daemon –group=daemon –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –add-module=../nginx-rtmp-module-master –add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-master –add-module=../nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7 –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_flv_module [root@AY130611215205Z nginx-1.2.9]# make && make install PS:若提示make[1]: *** [objs/addon/src/ngx_http_h264_streaming_module.o] Error 1,请参考3.3.2小节的注意点,然后重新运行./configure这一段 /**———以下是安装了Tengine后重新编译的代码,模块的路径自己对一下———**// ./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/tengine/ –add-module=../../../nginx-rtmp-module-master –add-module=../../../ngx_cache_purge-master –add-module=../../../nginx_mod_h264_streaming-2.2.7 –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_concat_module=shared –with-http_sysguard_module=shared –with-google_perftools_module –with-http_image_filter_module 运行一下nginx [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 然后用浏览器你的服务器IP,看到welcome就对了 或者到nginx的sbin目录下,运行一下nginx -V,看看列表出来的modules对不对
3.4)各种配置nginx 编辑/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf文件,最好用sftp软件(如windows下的flashfxp/Mac下的tramnsmit)下载过来本地编辑。 贴一下我的配置文件:(目录需要自己改动,我用的是阿里云的数据盘,所以到/mnt/里面去了) ———————————————————————nginx配置文件————————————————— #filename:nginx.conf #user nobody; worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events { use epoll; worker_connections 1024; }
rtmp { server { listen 1935; chunk_size 4000;
# video on demand application vod { play /mnt/media/vod; }
# HLS # HLS requires libavformat & should be configured as a separate # NGINX module in addition to nginx-rtmp-module: # ./configure … –add-module=/path/to/nginx-rtmp-module/hls … # For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/app here) # for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see # http{} section in config) # # Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC/MP3. For iPhones use baseline H264 # profile (see ffmpeg example). # This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS: # # ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi -vcodec libx264 # -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1 # -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie # # If you need to transcode live stream use ‘exec’ feature. # application hls { hls on; hls_path /mnt/media/app; hls_fragment 10s; } } }
http {
include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; gzip on; #log format
log_format access ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘ ‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘ ‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’; #定义一个名为addr的limit_zone,大小10M内存来存储session limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=addr:10m;
server { listen 8080; server_name localhost;
# HTTP can be used for accessing RTMP stats # This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML location /stat { rtmp_stat all; rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl; } location /stat.xsl { root /mnt/soft/nginx-rtmp-module-master; } location /control { rtmp_control all; } location / { root /mnt/soft/nginx-rtmp-module-master/test/rtmp-publisher; } } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /mnt/wwwroot; index index.html; }
location ~ \.flv$ { root /mnt/media/vod; flv; limit_conn addr 20; limit_rate 200k; } location ~ \.mp4$ { root /mnt/media/vod; mp4; limit_conn addr 20; limit_rate 200k; }
location /hls { # Serve HLS fragments alias /mnt/media/app; }
access_log logs/nginxflv_access.log access; } } ——————————————————nginx配置文件—————————————— 4.把自己的电影转换成mp4和flv格式来测试nginx搭的环境
4.1)准备两部电影,硬盘上随便找,我找了“谍影重重A.mp4”和“鹿鼎记033.rmvb”,尽量找小一点十来分钟的,等下我们还要看完测试一下转换的结果有没有音影不同步的情况。 我把两部电影重命名为 movie1.mp4和 movie2.rmvb,并上传到服务器/mnt/media/video下面,这里目录用来存放我们的原始视频。还有一个目录是/mnt/media/vod 用来存放转换后的视频。 我这里的具体目录结构为: /mnt/media/video -> 存放原始视频 /mnt/media/app -> 存放转成m3u8的视频,供http访问(HLS) /mnt/media/vod -> 存放转换后的flv和mp4视频,供http或rtmp访问
4.2)用ffmpeg转换mp4文件(ffmpeg不支持rmvb) [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd /mnt/media/video/ [root@AY130611215205Z video]# ffmpeg -i movie1.mp4 -y -vcodec libx264 -vf scale=”640:-1″ -r 15 -acodec libfaac ../vod/movie1.flv -y:文件覆盖,-vf scale=”640:-1”:尺寸调整为宽度640高度自动,-r 15:帧数15fps,这里用libfaac音频编码防止转成ts格式时iPhone没有声音 添加关键帧用来支持拖动播放 [root@AY130611215205Z video]# cd ../vod [root@AY130611215205Z vod]# mv movie1.flv movie1-src.flv [root@AY130611215205Z vod]# yamdi -i movie1-src.flv -o movie1.flv [root@AY130611215205Z vod]# rm -rf movie1-src.flv
接下来测试的话,下载VLC Player到本地测试(VLC有时候会花屏,用JWPlayer就好了),或者不行麻烦的话装一个apache服务器并下载JWPlayer来测试。 测试播放地址为(地址已失效,请勿访问): HTTP形式访问: http://121.199.47.208/movie1.flv RTMP形式访问: rtmp://121.199.47.208/vod/movie1.flv
4.3)用mencoder转换rmvb文件 4.4)把flv转换成hls的m3u8 下载安装segmenter [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# yum install -y curl curl-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel perl perl-devel cpio expat-devel gettext-devel git [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# git clone https://github.com/johnf/m3u8-segmenter.git [root@AY130611215205Z ~]# cd m3u8-segmenter/ [root@AY130611215205Z m3u8-segmenter]# gcc -Wall -g m3u8-segmenter.c -o segmenter -lavformat [root@AY130611215205Z m3u8-segmenter]# cp segmenter /usr/bin/ 转换成ts,片源大小及清晰度等取决于flv文件,所以转成flv的时候一定要统一起来 [root@AY130611215205Z vod]# cd /mnt/media/vod [root@AY130611215205Z vod]# mkdir /mnt/media/app/movie1/ [root@AY130611215205Z vod]# ffmpeg -y -i movie1.flv -f mpegts -c:v copy -c:a copy -vbsf h264_mp4toannexb /mnt/media/app/movie1/main.ts 切片 [root@AY130611215205Z movie1]# cd /mnt/media/app/movie1/ [root@AY130611215205Z movie1]# segmenter -i main.ts -d 10 -p movie1 -m movie1.m3u8 -u http://121.199.47.208/hls/movie1/ -d 10:每个切片为10秒,-p movie1:切片的名字的前缀 -u URL地址:m3u8中播放列表的地址前缀,自己cat一下生成的movie1.m3u8就知道什么用 了
测试一下,用iPhone的Safari访问一下http://121.199.47.208/hls/movie1/movie1.m3u8
注:安装日志记录于半年前的evernote,现在才贴出来的,所以文中的视频访问地址都已经失效了。