线程通信--多生产者多消费者问题
多生产者,多消费者会导致线程死锁的情况。
public class RoastDuck { public static void main(String[] args) { Duck d = new Duck(); ProductProcess pp = new ProductProcess(d); ProductProcess pp0 = new ProductProcess(d); ConsumeProcess cp = new ConsumeProcess(d); ConsumeProcess cp0 = new ConsumeProcess(d); Thread t0 = new Thread(pp0); Thread t1 = new Thread(pp); Thread t2 = new Thread(cp); Thread t3 = new Thread(cp0); t0.start(); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } class ProductProcess implements Runnable { Duck d ; public ProductProcess(Duck d) { this.d = d; } @Override public void run() { while(true){ synchronized(d){ d.product("好吃的烤鸭"); } } } } class ConsumeProcess implements Runnable{ Duck d ; public ConsumeProcess(Duck d) { this.d = d; } @Override public void run() { while(true){ synchronized(d){ d.consume(); } } } } class Duck{ private String name; private int count = 1; private boolean flag = false; public void product(String name){ //第一种写法: if(flag == false){ this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; this.notify(); }else{ try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //第二种写法: /*if(flag == true){ try { this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; this.notify();*/ //第二种方法改正: /*while(flag){ try { this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; this.notify();*/ } public void consume(){ if(flag == true){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : consume "+this.name +" duck"); flag = false; this.notify(); }else{ try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
产生原因:
因为每次唤醒的线程都是任意的,如果唤醒线程的时候总是唤醒本方的线程(例如都是生产者或者都是消费者),就会导致线程死锁。
解决思路:
每次唤醒都要保证有对方的线程被唤醒。
解决方法:
每次都唤醒所有的线程。使用notifyAll();方法。
public class RoastDuck { public static void main(String[] args) { Duck d = new Duck(); ProductProcess pp = new ProductProcess(d); ProductProcess pp0 = new ProductProcess(d); ConsumeProcess cp = new ConsumeProcess(d); ConsumeProcess cp0 = new ConsumeProcess(d); Thread t0 = new Thread(pp0); Thread t1 = new Thread(pp); Thread t2 = new Thread(cp); Thread t3 = new Thread(cp0); t0.start(); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } class ProductProcess implements Runnable { Duck d ; public ProductProcess(Duck d) { this.d = d; } @Override public void run() { while(true){ synchronized(d){ d.product("好吃的烤鸭"); } } } } class ConsumeProcess implements Runnable{ Duck d ; public ConsumeProcess(Duck d) { this.d = d; } @Override public void run() { while(true){ synchronized(d){ d.consume(); } } } } class Duck{ private String name; private int count = 1; private boolean flag = false; public void product(String name){ //第一种写法: if(flag == false){ this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; this.notifyAll(); }else{ try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //第二种写法: /*if(flag == true){ try { this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; this.notifyAll();*/ //第二种方法改正: /*while(flag){ try { this.wait();//如果这样写,程序会在这里进入线程池,下次被唤醒的时候就不会进行判断,直接进入下面的操作,会出现线程安全问题。 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; this.notifyAll();*/ } public void consume(){ if(flag == true){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : consume "+this.name +" duck"); flag = false; this.notifyAll(); }else{ try { this.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
notifyAll()方法解决了一定能唤醒对方线程的问题。
以前解决多生产者多消费者的情况就用while循环判断+notifyAll解决。
但是一唤醒就全醒了,本方也醒了,本方还要重新判断标记。
这些问题在JDK1.5给出了解决方案:
1.5以前,我们用的synchronized同步代码块是隐式的,操作起来不灵活。
1.5以后,新增了一个接口---->lock
在java.util.concurrent.locks包中。
public interface Lock
Lock 实现提供了比使用 synchronized 方法(同步函数)和语句(同步块)可获得的【更广泛】的锁定操作。
此实现允许更灵活的结构,可以具有差别很大的属性,可以支持多个相关的 Condition 对象。
语法形式:
lock.lock();
code...
lock.unlock();
将同步和锁封装成了对象,并将操作锁的隐式方式定义到了该对象中,将隐式动作变成了显示动作。
public interface Condition
Condition 将 Object 监视器方法(wait、notify 和 notifyAll)分解成截然不同的对象,以便通过将这些对象与任意 Lock 实现组合使用,为每个对象提供多个等待 set(wait-set)。
其中,Lock 替代了 synchronized 方法和语句的使用,Condition 替代了 Object 监视器方法的使用。
1.5之前解决线程安全问题:
class Object{ public final void wait() throws InterruptedException { wait(0); } public final native void notify(); public final native void notifyAll(); } class Demo extends Object{ } class MyThread implements Thread{ Demo d = new Demo(); public void run(){ synchronized(d){ d.wait(); } } }
1.5之后解决线程安全问题:
class Condition{ void await() throws InterruptedException; void signal(); void signalAll(); } Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition c1 = lock.newCondition(); Condition c2 = lock.newCondition(); lock.lock(); try{ code... }finally{ lock.unlock(); }
1.5以前,一个锁上只能由一组监视器,这组监视器既监视生产者又监视消费者。
1.5以后,一个锁上面弄两组监视器,一组监视器监视生产者,一组监视器监视消费者。
用Lock解决线程死锁问题:
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class RoastDuckLock { public static void main(String[] args) { Duck2 d = new Duck2(); ProductProcess2 pp = new ProductProcess2(d); ProductProcess2 pp0 = new ProductProcess2(d); ConsumeProcess2 cp = new ConsumeProcess2(d); ConsumeProcess2 cp0 = new ConsumeProcess2(d); Thread t0 = new Thread(pp0); Thread t1 = new Thread(pp); Thread t2 = new Thread(cp); Thread t3 = new Thread(cp0); t0.start(); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } class ProductProcess2 implements Runnable { Duck2 d ; public ProductProcess2(Duck2 d) { this.d = d; } @Override public void run() { while(true){ d.product("好吃的烤鸭"); } } } class ConsumeProcess2 implements Runnable{ Duck2 d ; public ConsumeProcess2(Duck2 d) { this.d = d; } @Override public void run() { while(true){ d.consume(); } } } class Duck2{ private String name; private int count = 1; private boolean flag = false; Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition product_con = lock.newCondition(); Condition consume_con = lock.newCondition(); public void product(String name){ lock.lock(); try{ if(flag == false){ this.name = name+count; count++; System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : product "+this.name +" duck"); flag = true; consume_con.signal(); }else{ try { product_con.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }finally{ lock.unlock(); } } public void consume(){ lock.lock(); try{ if(flag == true){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" : consume "+this.name +" duck"); flag = false; product_con.signal(); }else{ try { consume_con.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }finally{ lock.unlock(); } } }
Lock接口:代替了同步块和同步函数,将隐式锁操作变成了显示锁操作。同时更加灵活,可以一个锁上面加多组监视器。
lock():获取锁
unlock():释放锁,需要放在finally当中。
Condition接口:出现了代替wait() notify() notifyAll(),并将这些监视器方法进行了封装,变成了Condition监视器对象。可以与任意锁进行组合。
await();
signal();
signalAll();
JDK文档内的示例:相对来说复杂,但是很经典,真正开发用的也是这种。
class BoundedBuffer { final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition(); final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); final Object[] items = new Object[100]; int putptr, takeptr, count; public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); try { while (count == items.length) notFull.await(); items[putptr] = x; if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0; ++count; notEmpty.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public Object take() throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); try { while (count == 0) notEmpty.await(); Object x = items[takeptr]; if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0; --count; notFull.signal(); return x; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }