主要就是正则表达式的运用,除了mod_rewrite之外还有一个urlrewritefilter
下面是一个测试二级域名映射规则
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^[^www.]+.test.ecom$
Rewriterule ^(.+) %{HTTP_HOST}$1 [C]
Rewriterule ^([^www.]+)\.test\.ecom(.*) /shop_$1$2
Rewriterule ^www.test.ecom(.*) /$1 [nc,PT]
RewriteRule /shop_(.+)/pic/(.*)$ /pic/$2 [nc,PT]
RewriteRule /shop_(.+)/js/(.*)$ /js/$2 [nc,PT]
RewriteRule /shop_(.+)/css/(.*)$ /css/$2 [nc,PT]
RewriteRule /shop_(.+)/(.+).do?(\.*)$ /$2.do?domainName=$1&%{QUERY_STRING} [L,nc]
RewriteLog "logs/rewrite.log"
RewriteLogLevel 3
关键字段:
RewriteCond 表示如果条件满足则使用下面的Rewriterule
Rewriterule 就是采用具体的正则表达式来匹配
Rewriterule 后面还可以带有参数
见apache参考
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_rewrite.html
- '
chain|C' (chained with next rule)
This flag chains the current rule with the next rule (which itself can be chained with the following rule, and so on). This has the following effect: if a rule matches, then processing continues as usual - the flag has no effect. If the rule does not match, then all following chained rules are skipped. For instance, it can be used to remove the ``.www'' part, inside a per-directory rule set, when you let an external redirect happen (where the ``.www'' part should not occur!). - '
cookie|CO=NAME:VAL:domain[:lifetime[:path]]' (set cookie)
This sets a cookie in the client's browser. The cookie's name is specified by NAME and the value is VAL. The domain field is the domain of the cookie, such as '.apache.org', the optional lifetime is the lifetime of the cookie in minutes, and the optional path is the path of the cookie - '
env|E=VAR:VAL' (set environment variable)
This forces an environment variable named VAR to be set to the value VAL, where VAL can contain regexp backreferences ($Nand%N) which will be expanded. You can use this flag more than once, to set more than one variable. The variables can later be dereferenced in many situations, most commonly from within XSSI (via<!--#echo var="VAR"-->) or CGI ($ENV{'VAR'}). You can also dereference the variable in a later RewriteCond pattern, using%{ENV:VAR}. Use this to strip information from URLs, while maintaining a record of that information. - '
forbidden|F' (force URL to be forbidden)
This forces the current URL to be forbidden - it immediately sends back a HTTP response of 403 (FORBIDDEN). Use this flag in conjunction with appropriate RewriteConds to conditionally block some URLs. - '
gone|G' (force URL to be gone)
This forces the current URL to be gone - it immediately sends back a HTTP response of 410 (GONE). Use this flag to mark pages which no longer exist as gone. - '
handler|H=Content-handler' (force Content handler)
Force the Content-handler of the target file to be Content-handler. For instance, this can be used to simulate themod_aliasdirectiveScriptAlias, which internally forces all files inside the mapped directory to have a handler of ``cgi-script''. - '
last|L' (last rule)
Stop the rewriting process here and don't apply any more rewrite rules. This corresponds to the Perllastcommand or thebreakcommand in C. Use this flag to prevent the currently rewritten URL from being rewritten further by following rules. For example, use it to rewrite the root-path URL ('/') to a real one, e.g., '/e/www/'. - '
next|N' (next round)
Re-run the rewriting process (starting again with the first rewriting rule). This time, the URL to match is no longer the original URL, but rather the URL returned by the last rewriting rule. This corresponds to the Perlnextcommand or thecontinuecommand in C. Use this flag to restart the rewriting process - to immediately go to the top of the loop.
Be careful not to create an infinite loop! - '
nocase|NC' (no case)
This makes the Pattern case-insensitive, ignoring difference between 'A-Z' and 'a-z' when Pattern is matched against the current URL. - '
noescape|NE' (no URI escaping of output)
This flag prevents mod_rewrite from applying the usual URI escaping rules to the result of a rewrite. Ordinarily, special characters (such as '%', '$', ';', and so on) will be escaped into their hexcode equivalents ('%25', '%24', and '%3B', respectively); this flag prevents this from happening. This allows percent symbols to appear in the output, as inwhich would turn 'RewriteRule /foo/(.*) /bar?arg=P1\%3d$1 [R,NE]/foo/zed' into a safe request for '/bar?arg=P1=zed'. - '
nosubreq|NS' (not for internal sub-requests)
This flag forces the rewriting engine to skip a rewriting rule if the current request is an internal sub-request. For instance, sub-requests occur internally in Apache whenmod_includetries to find out information about possible directory default files (index.xxxfiles). On sub-requests it is not always useful, and can even cause errors, if the complete set of rules are applied. Use this flag to exclude some rules.
To decide whether or not to use this rule: if you prefix URLs with CGI-scripts, to force them to be processed by the CGI-script, it's likely that you will run into problems (or significant overhead) on sub-requests. In these cases, use this flag. - '
proxy|P' (force proxy)
This flag forces the substitution part to be internally sent as a proxy request and immediately (rewrite processing stops here) put through the proxy module. You must make sure that the substitution string is a valid URI (typically starting withhttp://hostname) which can be handled by the Apache proxy module. If not, you will get an error from the proxy module. Use this flag to achieve a more powerful implementation of the ProxyPass directive, to map remote content into the namespace of the local server.Note:
mod_proxymust be enabled in order to use this flag. - '
passthrough|PT' (pass through to next handler)
This flag forces the rewrite engine to set theurifield of the internalrequest_recstructure to the value of thefilenamefield. This flag is just a hack to enable post-processing of the output ofRewriteRuledirectives, usingAlias,ScriptAlias,Redirect, and other directives from various URI-to-filename translators. For example, to rewrite/abcto/defusingmod_rewrite, and then/defto/ghiusingmod_alias:If you omit theRewriteRule ^/abc(.*) /def$1 [PT]
Alias /def /ghiPTflag,mod_rewritewill rewriteuri=/abc/...tofilename=/def/...as a full API-compliant URI-to-filename translator should do. Thenmod_aliaswill try to do a URI-to-filename transition, which will fail.Note: You must use this flag if you want to mix directives from different modules which allow URL-to-filename translators. The typical example is the use of
mod_aliasandmod_rewrite. - '
qsappend|QSA' (query string append)
This flag forces the rewrite engine to append a query string part of the substitution string to the existing string, instead of replacing it. Use this when you want to add more data to the query string via a rewrite rule. - '
redirect|R[=code]' (force redirect)
Prefix Substitution withhttp://thishost[:thisport]/(which makes the new URL a URI) to force a external redirection. If no code is given, a HTTP response of 302 (MOVED TEMPORARILY) will be returned. If you want to use other response codes in the range 300-400, simply specify the appropriate number or use one of the following symbolic names:temp(default),permanent,seeother. Use this for rules to canonicalize the URL and return it to the client - to translate ``/~'' into ``/u/'', or to always append a slash to/u/user, etc.
Note: When you use this flag, make sure that the substitution field is a valid URL! Otherwise, you will be redirecting to an invalid location. Remember that this flag on its own will only prependhttp://thishost[:thisport]/to the URL, and rewriting will continue. Usually, you will want to stop rewriting at this point, and redirect immediately. To stop rewriting, you should add the 'L' flag. - '
skip|S=num' (skip next rule(s))
This flag forces the rewriting engine to skip the next num rules in sequence, if the current rule matches. Use this to make pseudo if-then-else constructs: The last rule of the then-clause becomesskip=N, where N is the number of rules in the else-clause. (This is not the same as the 'chain|C' flag!) - '
type|T=MIME-type' (force MIME type)
Force the MIME-type of the target file to be MIME-type. This can be used to set up the content-type based on some conditions. For example, the following snippet allows.phpfiles to be displayed bymod_phpif they are called with the.phpsextension:RewriteRule ^(.+\.php)s$ $1 [T=application/x-httpd-php-source]