spring学习笔记
使用eclipse Hilos，Apache Tomcat 6.0.23，ant 1.7.1（eclipse自带），srping framework 2.5
1、配置ant
新建一个环境变量ANT_HOME，值为ant所在目录。
在path中添加%ANT_HOME%\bin;
这样，就可以在cmd中使用startup和shutdown轻松的打开和关闭服务器了。
2、新建一个Server，选择Apache Tomcat 6.0。
3、创建工程
3.1新建一个Dynamic Web Project，名称为springapp。
src文件夹用来保存源码，WebContent用来保存将会部署到服务器的资源。
3.1创建index.jsp
JAVA内存问题：Java heap space
在目录springapp/WebContent中创建。
<html>
<head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Example - Spring Application</h1>
<p>This is my test.</p>
</body>
</html>
<head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Example - Spring Application</h1>
<p>This is my test.</p>
</body>
</html>
修改springapp/war/WEB-INF/web.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
3.3部署到tomcat
在springapp目录下新建build.xml。
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
<property file="build.properties"/>
<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
<property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
<property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
<property name="name" value="springapp"/>
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<!-- We need the servlet API classes: -->
<!-- * for Tomcat 5/6 use servlet-api.jar -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="servlet*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
</path>
<target name="usage">
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="${name} build file"/>
<echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="Available targets are:"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="build --> Build the application"/>
<echo message="deploy --> Deploy application as directory"/>
<echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
<echo message="install --> Install application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="reload --> Reload application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="start --> Start Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="stop --> Stop Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="list --> List Tomcat applications"/>
<echo message=""/>
</target>
<target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
<src path="${src.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
<copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
<war destfile="${name}.war"
webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</war>
<copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir=".">
<include name="*.war"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<path id="catalina-ant-classpath">
<!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="catalina-ant.jar"/>
</fileset>
</path>
<taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
<install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"
war="${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
<reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
<start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
<stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
<list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
</target>
<!-- End Tomcat tasks -->
</project>
<project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
<property file="build.properties"/>
<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
<property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
<property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
<property name="name" value="springapp"/>
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<!-- We need the servlet API classes: -->
<!-- * for Tomcat 5/6 use servlet-api.jar -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="servlet*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
</path>
<target name="usage">
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="${name} build file"/>
<echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="Available targets are:"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="build --> Build the application"/>
<echo message="deploy --> Deploy application as directory"/>
<echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
<echo message="install --> Install application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="reload --> Reload application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="start --> Start Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="stop --> Stop Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="list --> List Tomcat applications"/>
<echo message=""/>
</target>
<target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
<src path="${src.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
<copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
<war destfile="${name}.war"
webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</war>
<copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir=".">
<include name="*.war"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
<!-- ============================================================== -->
<path id="catalina-ant-classpath">
<!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="catalina-ant.jar"/>
</fileset>
</path>
<taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
<install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"
war="${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
<reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
<start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
<stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>
<target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
<list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
</target>
<!-- End Tomcat tasks -->
</project>
在springapp下新建build.properties。
# Ant properties for building the springapp
appserver.home=D:/Program Files/apache-tomcat-6.0.32
# for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib
# for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib
appserver.lib=${appserver.home}/lib
deploy.path=${appserver.home}/webapps
tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager
tomcat.manager.username=tomcat
tomcat.manager.password=s3cret
appserver.home=D:/Program Files/apache-tomcat-6.0.32
# for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib
# for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib
appserver.lib=${appserver.home}/lib
deploy.path=${appserver.home}/webapps
tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager
tomcat.manager.username=tomcat
tomcat.manager.password=s3cret
修改appserver.home/conf/tomcat-users.xml，添加一个管理员。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="manager"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="manager"/>
</tomcat-users>
<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="manager"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="manager"/>
</tomcat-users>
在cmd中切换到工程目录下，使用startup启动服务器，使用ant在当前目录寻找build.xml文件，如果找到了，就将该文件作为build 配置文件。
使用ant deploy命令来将工程部署到tomcat上，即把WebContent复制到tomcat目录的webapps下。
3.4使用ant list来查看工程是否已经部署成功。
最后，可以在浏览器中输入网址http://localhost:8080/springapp/index.jsp来查看我们的工程了。
3.5下载spring framework。
http://www.springsource.org/download
3.6修改springapp/war/WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
在目录springapp/war/WEB-INF中新建springapp-servlet.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!-- the application context definition for the springapp DispatcherServlet -->
<bean name="/hello.htm" class="springapp.web.HelloController"/>
</beans>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!-- the application context definition for the springapp DispatcherServlet -->
<bean name="/hello.htm" class="springapp.web.HelloController"/>
</beans>
3.7复制所需库到WebContent/WEB-INF/lib中。
分别是spring-framework-2.5/dist中的spring.jar，spring-framework-2.5/dist /modules中的spring-webmvc.jar，spring-framework-2.5/lib/jakarta-commons中的 commons-logging.jar和apache-tomcat-6.0.32\lib中的servlet-api.jar。
在IDE中右击工程属性，添加这几个包。
3.8创建控制器
在springapp/src中创建包springapp.web，在包中创建类HelloController.java。
package springapp.web;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
logger.info("Returning hello view");
return new ModelAndView("hello.jsp");
}
}
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
logger.info("Returning hello view");
return new ModelAndView("hello.jsp");
}
}
3.9进行单元测试
新建一个Source File，然后在这个File中新建包srpingapp，包中创建类HelloControllerTests，并将spring- framework-2.5/lib/junit中的junit-3.8.2.jar复制到WebContent/WEB-INF/lib中。接着在工程 中导入这个包。
package springapp.web;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import springapp.web.HelloController;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class HelloControllerTests extends TestCase {
public void testHandleRequestView() throws Exception{
HelloController controller = new HelloController();
ModelAndView modelAndView = controller.handleRequest(null, null);
assertEquals("hello.jsp", modelAndView.getViewName());
}
}
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import springapp.web.HelloController;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class HelloControllerTests extends TestCase {
public void testHandleRequestView() throws Exception{
HelloController controller = new HelloController();
ModelAndView modelAndView = controller.handleRequest(null, null);
assertEquals("hello.jsp", modelAndView.getViewName());
}
}
运行这个test，需要在springapp/build.xml中加入下列代码，使用ant tests检测。
<property name="test.dir" value="test"/>
<target name="buildtests" description="Compile test tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
<src path="${test.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="tests" depends="build, buildtests" description="Run tests">
<junit printsummary="on"
fork="false"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
<formatter type="brief" usefile="false"/>
<batchtest>
<fileset dir="${build.dir}">
<include name="**/*Tests.*"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<fail if="tests.failed">
tests.failed=${tests.failed}
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
</fail>
</target>
<target name="buildtests" description="Compile test tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
<src path="${test.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<target name="tests" depends="build, buildtests" description="Run tests">
<junit printsummary="on"
fork="false"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
<formatter type="brief" usefile="false"/>
<batchtest>
<fileset dir="${build.dir}">
<include name="**/*Tests.*"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<fail if="tests.failed">
tests.failed=${tests.failed}
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
**** One or more tests failed! Check the output ... ****
***********************************************************
***********************************************************
</fail>
</target>
3.10创建视图
使用Entity Framework创建Model
在springapp/WebContent中创建hello.jsp
<html>
<head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>
<p>Greetings.</p>
</body>
</html>
<head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>
<p>Greetings.</p>
</body>
</html>