[置顶] Activity的launchMode详细分析
在研究了Activity的启动过程后，我觉得很有必要对Activity的launchMode进行分析一下，因为到目前为止，我发现网上对launchMode的讲解都是通过实例讲解，看完了总是似懂非懂的感觉，并没有根本上理解launchMode的原理。这里我会从源码的角度讲解launchMode。相信大家会和我一样，看了源码之后就会有一种豁然开朗的感觉。
Activity的启动模式一种有四种，分别如下：
1、standard
2、singleTop
3、singleTask
4、singleInstance
这里我们分两种情况讨论上述四种启动模式：app内和app之间
首先讨论app内
standard：不论当前任务栈中是否存在该Activity，都会新建一个Activity，如 任务栈为A B，要启动B 那么任务栈为 A B B
singleTop：如果当前要创建的Activity就在任务栈的顶端，那么不会创建新的Activity，仅仅调用Activity的onNewIntent，如果不在栈顶(或者栈中没有该Activity)，那么还是会创建新的Activity，如任务栈为A B 启动B 任务栈变为 A B 如果 启动A 那么任务栈为 A B A
singleTask：如果当前任务中存在要启动的Activity，那么就不会创建新的Activity，如果不存在就会创建新的Activity，如任务栈为 A B C，启动B ，那么任务栈就会变为A B
singleInstance：将一个Activity的launchMode设置为该值时，表明这个Activity独自占用一个任务队列，这个队列中不让在加入其他的Activity
不同的app之间：
既然在不同的app之间，那么就说明是两个任务栈，并且有一个处理前台，一个运行在后台
standard：当前台的Activity启动后台任务的Activity，不管这个Activity在后台任务栈中是否已经存在，都会创建一个新的Activity，并将它加入前台的任务栈中
singleTop：如果前台的Activity启动后台任务的Activity，并且这个Activity已经在后台任务的栈顶，和app内不同的是，这里还不能确定是否会创建新的Activity，这里还需要看启动Activity的Intent里面是否有Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK，如果此标记，那么就会将后台的任务队列移动到前端，如 前端任务栈 A B 后端任务栈 E F C，现在前端需要启动一个C，如果有Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK，那么后端任务栈就会移到前端(并调用C的onNewIntent)，前端栈退居后端。如果没有这个标记，那么仅仅就是在前端任务栈中创建一个新的Activity C。
singleTask：如果前台的Activity启动后台任务的Activity，不管这个Activity是否在栈顶，都会将后台的任务栈移到前台，前台任务栈移至后台。这里不需要考虑标记问题，因为被启动的Activity如果是singleTask，那么自动在启动Activity的intent中加入上述标记。
singleInstance：如果前台Activity启动后台任务的Activity，如果后台任务栈中已经有该Activity，那么就会调用该Activity的onNewIntent，并且后台任务还是在后台。如果后台任务栈中没有该Activity，那么会重新创建一个Acitivyt，并单独放入一个任务栈，其实在启动该Acitivity的Intent中也会加入上述标记
其实还有一种情况比较特殊，不过很少使用，就是在一个app之间，我们给某一个Activity配置了taskAffinity属性，这个属性会影响singleTask等属性，这个可以大家自己去分析。
下面我们就来看看和launchMode处理有关的代码吧
对launchMode处理的逻辑主要是放在了ActivityStack的startActivityUncheckedLocked方法中，这份方法的逻辑有些复杂，我们来一部分一部分的分析：
第一部分：
if (sourceRecord == null) {
// This activity is not being started from another... in this
// case we -always- start a new task.
if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) == 0) {
Slog.w(TAG, "startActivity called from non-Activity context; forcing Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK for: "
+ intent);
launchFlags |= Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
} else if (sourceRecord.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// The original activity who is starting us is running as a single
// instance... this new activity it is starting must go on its
// own task.
launchFlags |= Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
} else if (r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK) {
// The activity being started is a single instance... it always
// gets launched into its own task.
launchFlags |= Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK;
}
首先判断sourceRecord是否为Null(桌面启动一个Activity或者通过Context启动一个Activity时sourceRecord为null)，如果在启动的Intent中没有FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK那么就会在该Intent中添加该标记。
如果sourceRecord的launchMode设置的是singleinstance，那么就会在Intent添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK，因为对于singleinstance的Activity，是不会和别人共享一个队列的。
如果被启动的Activity的launchMode是singleinstance或者singletask，那么也会在Intent中添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK标记(上面我们已经说过)。
在看第二部分代码
if (r.resultTo != null && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
// For whatever reason this activity is being launched into a new
// task... yet the caller has requested a result back. Well, that
// is pretty messed up, so instead immediately send back a cancel
// and let the new task continue launched as normal without a
// dependency on its originator.
Slog.w(TAG, "Activity is launching as a new task, so cancelling activity result.");
sendActivityResultLocked(-1,
r.resultTo, r.resultWho, r.requestCode,
Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null);
r.resultTo = null;
}
通过这段代码可以当Intent中包含了Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK标记时，是不能使用startActivityforResult方法启动Activity的，也就是说如果一个Activity是sinleTask或者singleInstance时，都不能通过startActivityForResult方法调起(可以调起，但是无法传回值)
第三部分代码
boolean addingToTask = false;
boolean movedHome = false;
TaskRecord reuseTask = null;
if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
(launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
// we can find a task that was started with this same
// component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
if (r.resultTo == null) {
// See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is
// a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
// instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
// unique task, so we do a special search.
ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
: findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
if (taskTop != null) {
if (taskTop.task.intent == null) {
// This task was started because of movement of
// the activity based on affinity... now that we
// are actually launching it, we can assign the
// base intent.
taskTop.task.setIntent(intent, r.info);
}
// If the target task is not in the front, then we need
// to bring it to the front... except... well, with
// SINGLE_TASK_LAUNCH it's not entirely clear. We'd like
// to have the same behavior as if a new instance was
// being started, which means not bringing it to the front
// if the caller is not itself in the front.
ActivityRecord curTop = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
if (curTop != null && curTop.task != taskTop.task) {
r.intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT);
boolean callerAtFront = sourceRecord == null
|| curTop.task == sourceRecord.task;
if (callerAtFront) {
// We really do want to push this one into the
// user's face, right now.
movedHome = true;
moveHomeToFrontFromLaunchLocked(launchFlags);
moveTaskToFrontLocked(taskTop.task, r, options);
options = null;
}
}
// If the caller has requested that the target task be
// reset, then do so.
if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED) != 0) {
taskTop = resetTaskIfNeededLocked(taskTop, r);
}
if ((startFlags&ActivityManager.START_FLAG_ONLY_IF_NEEDED) != 0) {
// We don't need to start a new activity, and
// the client said not to do anything if that
// is the case, so this is it! And for paranoia, make
// sure we have correctly resumed the top activity.
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null, options);
} else {
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
}
return ActivityManager.START_RETURN_INTENT_TO_CALLER;
}
if ((launchFlags &
(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK|Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK))
== (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK|Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK)) {
// The caller has requested to completely replace any
// existing task with its new activity. Well that should
// not be too hard...
reuseTask = taskTop.task;
performClearTaskLocked(taskTop.task.taskId);
reuseTask.setIntent(r.intent, r.info);
} else if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) != 0
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// In this situation we want to remove all activities
// from the task up to the one being started. In most
// cases this means we are resetting the task to its
// initial state.
ActivityRecord top = performClearTaskLocked(
taskTop.task.taskId, r, launchFlags);
if (top != null) {
if (top.frontOfTask) {
// Activity aliases may mean we use different
// intents for the top activity, so make sure
// the task now has the identity of the new
// intent.
top.task.setIntent(r.intent, r.info);
}
logStartActivity(EventLogTags.AM_NEW_INTENT, r, top.task);
top.deliverNewIntentLocked(callingUid, r.intent);
} else {
// A special case: we need to
// start the activity because it is not currently
// running, and the caller has asked to clear the
// current task to have this activity at the top.
addingToTask = true;
// Now pretend like this activity is being started
// by the top of its task, so it is put in the
// right place.
sourceRecord = taskTop;
}
} else if (r.realActivity.equals(taskTop.task.realActivity)) {
// In this case the top activity on the task is the
// same as the one being launched, so we take that
// as a request to bring the task to the foreground.
// If the top activity in the task is the root
// activity, deliver this new intent to it if it
// desires.
if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP) != 0
&& taskTop.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
logStartActivity(EventLogTags.AM_NEW_INTENT, r, taskTop.task);
if (taskTop.frontOfTask) {
taskTop.task.setIntent(r.intent, r.info);
}
taskTop.deliverNewIntentLocked(callingUid, r.intent);
} else if (!r.intent.filterEquals(taskTop.task.intent)) {
// In this case we are launching the root activity
// of the task, but with a different intent. We
// should start a new instance on top.
addingToTask = true;
sourceRecord = taskTop;
}
} else if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED) == 0) {
// In this case an activity is being launched in to an
// existing task, without resetting that task. This
// is typically the situation of launching an activity
// from a notification or shortcut. We want to place
// the new activity on top of the current task.
addingToTask = true;
sourceRecord = taskTop;
} else if (!taskTop.task.rootWasReset) {
// In this case we are launching in to an existing task
// that has not yet been started from its front door.
// The current task has been brought to the front.
// Ideally, we'd probably like to place this new task
// at the bottom of its stack, but that's a little hard
// to do with the current organization of the code so
// for now we'll just drop it.
taskTop.task.setIntent(r.intent, r.info);
}
if (!addingToTask && reuseTask == null) {
// We didn't do anything... but it was needed (a.k.a., client
// don't use that intent!) And for paranoia, make
// sure we have correctly resumed the top activity.
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null, options);
} else {
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
}
return ActivityManager.START_TASK_TO_FRONT;
}
}
}
}
这段代码的逻辑有些复杂，但是功能很简单，就是为要启动的Activity寻找或者创建一个任务栈，现在我使用singleTask为例，跟踪一下上述代码流程。
假设后台任务栈为 A B C，前台任务中要启动一个Activity B，我们就使用这个需求来跟踪上面的代码逻辑。
首先注意默认的addingToTask是false，reuseTask为null，由于是singleTask的，所以((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)是成立的，即使这里不成立，后面的逻辑也是成立，所以必然进入该if语句
继续跟进代码，会发现调用了findTaskLocked方法返回一个ActivityRecord，你可以查看findTaskLocked的逻辑，你会知道这个ActiivtyRecord 就是对应的是Activity C，继续往下走，就会调用 moveTaskToFrontLocked将后台任务移动到前台，由于我们考虑的是launchMode是singleTask，所以将会进入
else if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) != 0
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE)
进入上面的if语句之后，就会调用performClearTaskLocked返回一个ActivityRecord，你可以去研究一下performClearTaskLocked的逻辑，这个方法传入了一个ActivityRecord r，就是将任务栈中r之上的AcrivityRecord 清除掉，并返回ActivityRecord r，这里返回的ActivityRecord 对应的就是Activity B。接着调用Activity B的onNewIntent方法。执行了这个else if，其他else if是都不会执行的，所以就直接执行到了
if (!addingToTask && reuseTask == null) {
// We didn't do anything... but it was needed (a.k.a., client
// don't use that intent!) And for paranoia, make
// sure we have correctly resumed the top activity.
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null, options);
} else {
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
}
return ActivityManager.START_TASK_TO_FRONT;
}
这里直接调用了resumeTopActivityLocked方法。到这里singleTask就分析完了，其他的启动模式大家可以按照这种思路进行分析。
第四部分代码：
if (r.packageName != null) {
// If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
// at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
// once.
ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity) && top.userId == r.userId) {
if (top.app != null && top.app.thread != null) {
if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP) != 0
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK) {
logStartActivity(EventLogTags.AM_NEW_INTENT, top, top.task);
// For paranoia, make sure we have correctly
// resumed the top activity.
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
}
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
if ((startFlags&ActivityManager.START_FLAG_ONLY_IF_NEEDED) != 0) {
// We don't need to start a new activity, and
// the client said not to do anything if that
// is the case, so this is it!
return ActivityManager.START_RETURN_INTENT_TO_CALLER;
}
top.deliverNewIntentLocked(callingUid, r.intent);
return ActivityManager.START_DELIVERED_TO_TOP;
}
}
}
}
} else {
if (r.resultTo != null) {
sendActivityResultLocked(-1,
r.resultTo, r.resultWho, r.requestCode,
Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null);
}
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return ActivityManager.START_CLASS_NOT_FOUND;
}
boolean newTask = false;
boolean keepCurTransition = false;
// Should this be considered a new task?
if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
&& (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
if (reuseTask == null) {
// todo: should do better management of integers.
mService.mCurTask++;
if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
mService.mCurTask = 1;
}
r.setTask(new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent), null, true);
if (DEBUG_TASKS) Slog.v(TAG, "Starting new activity " + r
+ " in new task " + r.task);
} else {
r.setTask(reuseTask, reuseTask, true);
}
newTask = true;
if (!movedHome) {
moveHomeToFrontFromLaunchLocked(launchFlags);
}
} else if (sourceRecord != null) {
if (!addingToTask &&
(launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP) != 0) {
// In this case, we are adding the activity to an existing
// task, but the caller has asked to clear that task if the
// activity is already running.
ActivityRecord top = performClearTaskLocked(
sourceRecord.task.taskId, r, launchFlags);
keepCurTransition = true;
if (top != null) {
logStartActivity(EventLogTags.AM_NEW_INTENT, r, top.task);
top.deliverNewIntentLocked(callingUid, r.intent);
// For paranoia, make sure we have correctly
// resumed the top activity.
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
}
ActivityOptions.abort(options);
return ActivityManager.START_DELIVERED_TO_TOP;
}
} else if (!addingToTask &&
(launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_REORDER_TO_FRONT) != 0) {
// In this case, we are launching an activity in our own task
// that may already be running somewhere in the history, and
// we want to shuffle it to the front of the stack if so.
int where = findActivityInHistoryLocked(r, sourceRecord.task.taskId);
if (where >= 0) {
ActivityRecord top = moveActivityToFrontLocked(where);
logStartActivity(EventLogTags.AM_NEW_INTENT, r, top.task);
top.updateOptionsLocked(options);
top.deliverNewIntentLocked(callingUid, r.intent);
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
}
return ActivityManager.START_DELIVERED_TO_TOP;
}
}
// An existing activity is starting this new activity, so we want
// to keep the new one in the same task as the one that is starting
// it.
r.setTask(sourceRecord.task, sourceRecord.thumbHolder, false);
if (DEBUG_TASKS) Slog.v(TAG, "Starting new activity " + r
+ " in existing task " + r.task);
} else {
// This not being started from an existing activity, and not part
// of a new task... just put it in the top task, though these days
// this case should never happen.
final int N = mHistory.size();
ActivityRecord prev =
N > 0 ? mHistory.get(N-1) : null;
r.setTask(prev != null
? prev.task
: new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent), null, true);
if (DEBUG_TASKS) Slog.v(TAG, "Starting new activity " + r
+ " in new guessed " + r.task);
}
mService.grantUriPermissionFromIntentLocked(callingUid, r.packageName,
intent, r.getUriPermissionsLocked());
if (newTask) {
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.AM_CREATE_TASK, r.task.taskId);
}
logStartActivity(EventLogTags.AM_CREATE_ACTIVITY, r, r.task);
startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume, keepCurTransition, options);
return ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS;
我刚刚使用singleTask模式分析时，并没有走到这里，大家可以另一种情况来分析，就可以走到这里。
后台任务栈 A B，前台任务栈 E F，在前台任务栈中要启动后台任务的一个Activity C，也就是说后台任务栈中不存在C的情况，或者在一个app内通过配置taskAffinity属性也可以走到这里。