实战Struts-Menu

一、简介
Struts-Menu是一组从基于XML的配置文件中生成多种样式的菜单的JSP Tags，并且可以结合API开发通过数据库生成的动态菜单。Struts-Menu支持国际化和多种权限控制。

二、运行环境
Windows 2000 Professional
JDK 1.4.2_03
Eclipse 3.1
Tomcat 5.0.28
Tomcat Plugin 3.1Beta
Struts 1.2.7
Commons-Lang 2.1
Commons-Collections 3.1
Struts-Menu 2.3
MySQL 4.1.10a-nt

三、下载与安装
1：从http://java.sun.com下载J2SDK，当前1.4.x系列的最新版本为1.4.2_08
2：从http://www.eclipse.org下载Eclipse，当前最新版本为3.1正式版
3：从http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat下载Tomcat，当前5.x系列的最新版本为5.0.28
4：从http://www.sysdeo.com/eclipse/tomcatplugin下载Eclipse的Tomcat插件，对应Eclipse3.1x的最新版本为3.1Beta
5：从http://struts.apache.org下载Struts，当前最新版本为1.2.7
6：从http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/下载Commons-Lang，当前最新版本为2.1，下载Commons-Collections，当前最新版本为3.1
7：从http://struts-menu.sourceforge.net下载Struts Menu，当前最新版本为2.3
8：从http://www.mysql.com下载MySQL数据库，4.x系列的最新版本是4.1.12a
9：MySQL、JDK、Eclipse、Tomcat和TomcatPlugin的安装及配置请参考相关资料

四、运行示例程序
1：安装好Tomcat后，解压缩struts-menu-2.3.zip，将struts-menu.war释放到Tomcat安装目录下的webapps下，运行Tomcat
2：在地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/struts-menu

五、安装与配置
1：在Eclipse中新建Tomcat项目，Context为/mymenu，Subdirectory为/web
2：在项目目录下面新建lib目录和web目录及WEB-INF，在web/WEB-INF目录下新建web.xml，内容如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<! DOCTYPE web-app
 PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

< web-app >
 < display-name > My Example Application -- Vinton Lee </ display-name >

 
 < servlet >
 < servlet-name > action </ servlet-name >
 < servlet-class > org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet </ servlet-class >
 < init-param >
 < param-name > config </ param-name >
 < param-value > /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml </ param-value >
 </ init-param >
 < load-on-startup > 1 </ load-on-startup >
 </ servlet >
 

 
 < servlet-mapping >
 < servlet-name > action </ servlet-name >
 < url-pattern > *.do </ url-pattern >
 </ servlet-mapping >
 

 
 < welcome-file-list >
 < welcome-file > index.jsp </ welcome-file >
 </ welcome-file-list >

 
 < taglib >
 < taglib-uri > struts-bean </ taglib-uri >
 < taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld </ taglib-location >
 </ taglib >
 < taglib >
 < taglib-uri > struts-html </ taglib-uri >
 < taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-html.tld </ taglib-location >
 </ taglib >
 < taglib >
 < taglib-uri > struts-logic </ taglib-uri >
 < taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld </ taglib-location >
 </ taglib >
 < taglib >
 < taglib-uri > struts-nested </ taglib-uri >
 < taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-nested.tld </ taglib-location >
 </ taglib >
 < taglib >
 < taglib-uri > struts-tiles </ taglib-uri >
 < taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld </ taglib-location >
 </ taglib >
 

 
 < taglib >
 < taglib-uri > struts-menu </ taglib-uri >
 < taglib-location > /WEB-INF/struts-menu.tld </ taglib-location >
 </ taglib >
 
</ web-app >

3：解压缩struts-1.2.7.zip，将压缩包中的lib目录下所有的8个jar释放到lib目录中，将5个tld文件释放到web\WEB-INF目录中，在web\WEB-INF目录中新建struts-config.xml，内容如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<! DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
 "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
 "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd" >

< struts-config >

 
 < data-sources />

 
 < form-beans />

 
 < global-exceptions />

 
 < global-forwards />

 
 < action-mappings />

 

 
 < message-resources parameter ="application" />

 
 < plug-in className ="net.sf.navigator.menu.MenuPlugIn" >
 < set-property property ="menuConfig" value ="/WEB-INF/menu-config.xml" />
 </ plug-in >

</ struts-config >

4：解压缩struts-menu-2.3.zip，将压缩包中的jstl-1.0.6.jar、standard-1.0.6.jar、struts-menu-2.3.jar释放到lib目录中，将压缩包中的struts-menu.tld、struts-menu-el.tld释放到web\WEB-INF目录中，解压缩commons-lang-2.1.zip，将commons-lang-2.1.jar解压缩到lib目录中，注意，在Struts-Menu的文档中没有看到需要这个包，但是没有这个包却无法成功加载。在web\WEB-INF目录中新建menu-config.xml，内容如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

< MenuConfig >

 < Displayers >
 < Displayer name ="DropDown"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.DropDownMenuDisplayer" />
 < Displayer name ="Simple"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.SimpleMenuDisplayer" />
 < Displayer name ="CoolMenu"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.CoolMenuDisplayer" />
 < Displayer name ="CoolMenu4"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.CoolMenuDisplayer4" />
 < Displayer name ="MenuForm"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.example.PermissionsFormMenuDisplayer" />
 < Displayer name ="ListMenu"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.ListMenuDisplayer" />
 < Displayer name ="TabbedMenu"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.TabbedMenuDisplayer" />
 < Displayer name ="Velocity"
 type ="net.sf.navigator.displayer.VelocityMenuDisplayer" />
 </ Displayers >

 < Menus >
 < Menu name ="DoorSite" title ="DoorSite" description ="Some famous doorsite" width ="50" >
 < Item name ="Yahoo" title ="Yahoo" >
 < Item name ="YahooIndex" title ="Yahoo Index" location ="http://www.yahoo.com.cn" />
 < Item name ="YahooMail" title ="Yahoo Mail" location ="http://cn.mail.yahoo.com" />
 </ Item >
 < Item name ="Sohu" title ="Sohu" location ="http://www.sohu.com" />
 < Item name ="Sina" title ="Sina" location ="http://www.sina.com.cn" />
 </ Menu >
 </ Menus >

</ MenuConfig >

5：将第四步的示例程序中的struts-menu应用目录下的images、scripts、styles三个目录中的内容复制到web目录下

6：你的目录结构应该类似如下：

%PROJECT_HOME%\classes
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\antlr.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\commons-beanutils.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\commons-digester.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\commons-fileupload.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\commons-lang- 2.1 .jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\commons-logging.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\commons-validator.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\jakarta-oro.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\jstl- 1.0.6 .jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\standard- 1.0.6 .jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\struts.jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\lib\struts-menu- 2.3 .jar
    %PROJECT_HOME%\src
    %PROJECT_HOME%\src\log4j.properties
    %PROJECT_HOME%\src\application.properties
    %PROJECT_HOME%\src\application_zh_CN.properties
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web
%PROJECT_HOME%\web\images\
%PROJECT_HOME%\web\scripts\
%PROJECT_HOME%\web\styles\
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\menu-config.xml
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-bean.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-config.xml
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-html.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-logic.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-menu.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-menu-el.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-nested.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\struts-tiles.tld
    %PROJECT_HOME%\web\WEB-INF\web.xml

六、实战Struts-Menu
1：使用配置文件实现静态菜单
新建JSP文件web/static-menu.jsp，内容如下：

<% @ page contentType = " text/html; charset=GBK " %>
<% @ taglib uri = " struts-menu " prefix = " menu " %>

< menu:useMenuDisplayer name ="ListMenu"
bundle ="org.apache.struts.action.MESSAGE" >
< menu:displayMenu name ="DoorSite" />
</ menu:useMenuDisplayer >

运行Tomcat，在IE地址栏输入 http://localhost:8080/mymenu/static-menu.jsp查看

2：实现中文化
> 在src\application_zh_CN.properties中增加下面的内容，Unicode可以通过JDK自带的native2ascii工具得到：

#门户网站
menu.DoorSite = \u95e8\u6237\u7f51\u7ad9
#雅虎
menu.Yahoo = \u96c5\u864e
#雅虎首页
menu.YahooIndex = \u96c5\u864e\u9996\u9875
#雅虎邮件
menu.YahooMail = \u96c5\u864e\u90ae\u4ef6
#搜狐
menu.Sohu = \u641c\u72d0
#新浪
menu.Sina = \u65b0\u6d6a

> 在src\application.properties中增加下面的内容：

#门户网站
menu.DoorSite = DoorSite
#雅虎
menu.Yahoo = Yahoo
#雅虎首页
menu.YahooIndex = Yahoo Index
#雅虎邮件
menu.YahooMail = Yahoo Mail
#搜狐
menu.Sohu = Sohu
#新浪
menu.Sina = Sina

> 修改menu-config.xml文件<Menus></Menus>部分：

< Menus >
 < Menu name ="DoorSite" title ="menu.DoorSite" description ="Some famous doorsite" width ="50" >
 < Item name ="Yahoo" title ="menu.Yahoo" >
 < Item name ="YahooIndex" title ="menu.YahooIndex" location ="http://www.yahoo.com.cn" />
 < Item name ="YahooMail" title ="menu.YahooMail" location ="http://cn.mail.yahoo.com" />
 </ Item >
 < Item name ="Sohu" title ="menu.Sohu" location ="http://www.sohu.com" />
 < Item name ="Sina" title ="menu.Sina" location ="http://www.sina.com.cn" />
 </ Menu >
 </ Menus >

重起Tomcat，在IE地址栏输入 http://localhost:8080/mymenu/static-menu.jsp查看

3：结合数据库实现动态菜单
> 新建数据myexamples：
CREATE DATABASE myexamples
> 新建数据库表menu_item：

CREATE TABLE menu_item (
   id BIGINT not null ,
   parent_name VARCHAR( 30 ) ,
   name VARCHAR( 30 ) ,
   title VARCHAR( 30 ) ,
   titleCN VARCHAR( 30 ) ,
   description VARCHAR( 50 ) ,
   location VARCHAR( 255 ) ,
   target VARCHAR( 10 ) ,
   onclick VARCHAR( 100 ) ,
   onmouseover VARCHAR( 100 ) ,
   onmouseout VARCHAR( 100 ) ,
   image VARCHAR( 50 ) ,
   altImage VARCHAR( 30 ) ,
   tooltip VARCHAR( 100 ) ,
   roles VARCHAR( 100 ) ,
   page VARCHAR( 255 ) ,
   width VARCHAR( 5 ) ,
   height VARCHAR( 5 ) ,
   forward VARCHAR( 50 ) ,
   action VARCHAR( 50 ) ,
   primary key (id)
)

> 插入测试数据：

INSERT INTO menu_item
    (id , parent_name , name , title , titleCN , location)
VALUES
    ( 1 , null , 'DatabaseMenu' , 'Database Menu' , '数据库动态菜单' , null) ,
    ( 2 , 'DatabaseMenu' , 'Yahoo' , 'Yahoo Mail' , '雅虎邮件' , 'http://mail.yahoo.com') ,
    ( 3 , 'DatabaseMenu' , 'JavaBlogs' , 'JavaBlogs' , 'Java博客' , 'http://javablogs.com') ,
    ( 4 , null , 'StandaloneMenu' , 'Standalone Menu' , '独立的菜单' , 'http://www.sohu.com')

> 将数据库驱动程序放到lib目录中，并加入到Build Path，如MySQL的数据库驱动mysql-connector-java-3.1.8-bin.jar，解压缩commons-collections-3.1.zip，将commons-collections-3.1.jar释放到lib目录，并加入Build Path
> 新建一个Struts的Action，代码如下：

package cn.appex.menu;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.ListResourceBundle;
import java.util.Map;

import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import net.sf.navigator.menu.MenuComponent;
import net.sf.navigator.menu.MenuRepository;
import net.sf.navigator.menu.PermissionsAdapter;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class MenuAction extends Action {
 public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
 HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws Exception {
 buildMenuRepository(request);
 buildMenuResourceBundle(request);
 buildMenuPermissions(request);
 return (mapping.findForward( " success " ));
 }

 /**
 * 创建菜单数据结构
 *
 * @param request
 */
 private void buildMenuRepository(HttpServletRequest request) {
 MenuRepository repository = new MenuRepository();
 // Get the repository from the application scope - and copy the
 // DisplayerMappings from it.
 MenuRepository defaultRepository = (MenuRepository) request
 .getSession().getServletContext().getAttribute(
 MenuRepository.MENU_REPOSITORY_KEY);
 repository.setDisplayers(defaultRepository.getDisplayers());

 Map[] menus = getMenuComponents();
 for ( int i = 0 ; i < menus.length; i ++ ) {
 MenuComponent mc = new MenuComponent();
 Map row = menus[i];
 String name = (String) row.get( " name " );
 mc.setName(name);
 String parent = (String) row.get( " parent_name " );
 System.out.println(name + " , parent is: " + parent);
 if (parent != null ) {
 MenuComponent parentMenu = repository.getMenu(parent);
 if (parentMenu == null ) {
 System.out.println( " parentMenu ' " + parent + " ' doesn't exist! " );
 // create a temporary parentMenu
 parentMenu = new MenuComponent();
 parentMenu.setName(parent);
 repository.addMenu(parentMenu);
 }

 mc.setParent(parentMenu);
 }
 String title = (String) row.get( " title " );
 mc.setTitle(title);
 String location = (String) row.get( " location " );
 mc.setLocation(location);
 String description = (String) row.get( " description " );
 mc.setDescription(description);
 repository.addMenu(mc);
 }

 request.setAttribute( " examplesRepository " , repository);
 }

 /**
 * 从数据库中读取菜单配置信息
 *
 * @return
 */
 private Map[] getMenuComponents() {
 ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
 Connection conn = null ;
 PreparedStatement pstmt = null ;
 ResultSet rest = null ;
 String sql = " select name,parent_name,title,location,description from menu_item order by id " ;
 try {
 Class.forName( " com.mysql.jdbc.Driver " ).newInstance();
 conn = DriverManager.getConnection( " jdbc:mysql://localhost/myexamples?user=root&password=mywangya&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 " );
 pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
 rest = pstmt.executeQuery();
 while (rest.next()) {
 int i = 1 ;
 HashMap map = new HashMap();
 map.put( " name " , rest.getString(i ++ ));
 map.put( " parent_name " , rest.getString(i ++ ));
 map.put( " title " , rest.getString(i ++ ));
 map.put( " location " , rest.getString(i ++ ));
 map.put( " description " , rest.getString(i ++ ));
 list.add(map);
 }
 } catch (SQLException ex) {
 ex.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InstantiationException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } finally {
 try {
 if ( null != rest) rest.close();
 if ( null != pstmt) pstmt.close();
 if ( null != conn) conn.close();
 } catch (SQLException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }

 return (Map[]) list.toArray( new HashMap[ 0 ]);
 }

 /**
 * 构造菜单权限
 *
 * @param request
 */
 private void buildMenuPermissions(HttpServletRequest request) {
 PermissionsAdapter permession = new PermissionsAdapter() {
 public boolean isAllowed(MenuComponent menu) {
 // 名称等于StandaloneMenu的菜单不显示
 return ! " StandaloneMenu " .equalsIgnoreCase(menu.getName());
 }
 };
 request.setAttribute( " examplesPermession " , permession);
 }

 /**
 * 构造菜单显示标题
 *
 * @param request
 */
 private void buildMenuResourceBundle(HttpServletRequest request) {
 MenuResourceBundle resourceBundle = new MenuResourceBundle();
 request.setAttribute( " examplesBundle " , resourceBundle);
 }

 /**
 * MenuResourceBundle树状菜单国际语言显示
 *
 * @author wenbin.zhang
 *
 */
 class MenuResourceBundle extends ListResourceBundle {
 private ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

 public MenuResourceBundle() {
 Connection conn = null ;
 PreparedStatement pstmt = null ;
 ResultSet rest = null ;
 String sql = " select title,titleCN from menu_item order by id " ;
 try {
 Class.forName( " com.mysql.jdbc.Driver " ).newInstance();
 conn = DriverManager.getConnection( " jdbc:mysql://localhost/myexamples?user=root&password=mywangya&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 " );
 pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
 rest = pstmt.executeQuery();
 while (rest.next()) {
 int i = 1 ;
 String[] message = new String[ 2 ];
 message[ 0 ] = rest.getString(i ++ );
 try {
 message[ 1 ] = new String(rest.getString(i ++ ).getBytes( " latin1 " ), " gbk " );
 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 if (message[ 0 ] != null && message[ 1 ] != null ) {
 list.add(message);
 }
 }
 } catch (SQLException ex) {
 ex.printStackTrace();
 } catch (InstantiationException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 } finally {
 try {
 if ( null != rest) rest.close();
 if ( null != pstmt) pstmt.close();
 if ( null != conn) conn.close();
 } catch (SQLException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }

 }

 public Object[][] getContents() {
 return (String[][]) list.toArray( new String[ 0 ][ 0 ]);
 }
 }
}

> 将struts-config.xml文件的<action-mappings />部分修改为：

< action-mappings >
 < action path ="/menuAction" type ="cn.appex.menu.MenuAction" >
 < forward name ="success" path ="/struts-menu/dynamic-menu.jsp" />
 </ action >
</ action-mappings >

> 新建JSP文件web/dynamic-menu.jsp，内容如下：

<% @ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>
<% @ taglib uri="struts-menu" prefix="menu" %>

 没有使用Bundle和权限控制:
< menu:useMenuDisplayer name ="ListMenu" repository ="examplesRepository" >
 < menu:displayMenu name ="DatabaseMenu" />
 < menu:displayMenu name ="StandaloneMenu" />
</ menu:useMenuDisplayer >

 使用Bundle, 没有使用权限控制:
< menu:useMenuDisplayer name ="ListMenu" bundle ="examplesBundle" repository ="examplesRepository" >
 < menu:displayMenu name ="DatabaseMenu" />
 < menu:displayMenu name ="StandaloneMenu" />
</ menu:useMenuDisplayer >

 使用Bundle和权限控制:
< menu:useMenuDisplayer name ="ListMenu" permissions ="examplesPermession" bundle ="examplesBundle" repository ="examplesRepository" >
 < menu:displayMenu name ="DatabaseMenu" />
 < menu:displayMenu name ="StandaloneMenu" />
</ menu:useMenuDisplayer >

七、关于Struts-Menu配置文件和API的使用方法，请参考附录中的官方网站

附：
Struts-Menu官方网站：http://struts-menu.sourceforge.net
数据库驱动的动态菜单：http://demo.raibledesigns.com/struts-menu/dynamicMenu.jsp

实战Struts-Menu

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