rubygem若干常用选项参数
可以用gem help commands看所有支持的参数,这个比gem -h显示的全:
wisy@wisy-ThinkPad-X61:~/src/ruby_src$ gem help commands
GEM commands are:
build Build a gem from a gemspec
cert Manage RubyGems certificates and signing settings
check Check a gem repository for added or missing files
cleanup Clean up old versions of installed gems
contents Display the contents of the installed gems
dependency Show the dependencies of an installed gem
environment Display information about the RubyGems environment
fetch Download a gem and place it in the current directory
generate_index Generates the index files for a gem server directory
help Provide help on the 'gem' command
install Install a gem into the local repository
list Display local gems whose name starts with STRING
lock Generate a lockdown list of gems
mirror Mirror all gem files (requires rubygems-mirror)
outdated Display all gems that need updates
owner Manage gem owners of a gem on the push server
pristine Restores installed gems to pristine condition from files
located in the gem cache
push Push a gem up to the gem server
query Query gem information in local or remote repositories
rdoc Generates RDoc for pre-installed gems
search Display remote gems whose name contains STRING
server Documentation and gem repository HTTP server
sources Manage the sources and cache file RubyGems uses to search
for gems
specification Display gem specification (in yaml)
stale List gems along with access times
uninstall Uninstall gems from the local repository
unpack Unpack an installed gem to the current directory
update Update installed gems to the latest version
which Find the location of a library file you can require
yank Remove a pushed gem from the index
For help on a particular command, use 'gem help COMMAND'.
Commands may be abbreviated, so long as they are unambiguous.
e.g. 'gem i rake' is short for 'gem install rake'.
windows下gem search默认是查找本地的gem,需要加-R以便查找远程的gem;linux like系统正好相反,默认是查找远程gem,如果要查找本地gem要加--local(或者-l).查询还可以用query选项,和search差不多.
gem list列出本地安装的第三方gem,可以用gem which查看某一个gem的路径:
wisy@wisy-ThinkPad-X61:~/src/ruby_src$ gem list *** LOCAL GEMS *** activemodel (4.1.8) activerecord (4.1.8) activesupport (4.1.8) arel (6.0.0, 5.0.1.20140414130214) bigdecimal (1.2.5, 1.2.4) builder (3.2.2) i18n (0.7.0.beta1) io-console (0.4.2) json (1.8.1) md5sum (1.0.2) minitest (5.4.3, 4.7.5) net-ntp (2.1.2) power_assert (0.2.2) psych (2.0.8, 2.0.5) rake (10.4.2, 10.1.0) rdoc (4.2.0, 4.1.0) RubyInline (3.12.3) test-unit (3.0.8, 2.1.3.0) thread_safe (0.3.4) tzinfo (1.2.2) webrick (1.3.1) ZenTest (4.11.0) zip (2.0.2) wisy@wisy-ThinkPad-X61:~/src/ruby_src$ gem which zip /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip.rb
如果要看一个gem的详细信息,可以用gem specification,不过返回的是yaml格式,不过ruby中可以轻松将yaml转换为obj,从而用pp显示其"人类可读"内容:
wisy@wisy-ThinkPad-X61:~/src/ruby_src/drb$ gem specification zip>zip.doc
ruby -e"require 'yaml';require 'pp';pp YAML::load(File.read('zip.doc'))"
Gem::Specification.new do |s|
s.name = "zip"
s.version = Gem::Version.new("2.0.2")
s.installed_by_version = Gem::Version.new("0")
s.authors = ["Postmodern", "Thomas Sondergaard", "Sam Lown"]
s.date = Time.utc(2010, 5, 26)
s.description = "zip is a Ruby library for reading and writing Zip files. Unlike the official rubyzip, zip is compatible with Ruby 1.9.1."
s.email = ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"]
s.extra_rdoc_files = ["ChangeLog.txt", "README"]
s.files = ["ChangeLog.txt", "README"]
s.homepage = "http://github.com/postmodern/rubyzip2"
s.rdoc_options = ["--charset=UTF-8"]
s.require_paths = ["lib"]
s.rubygems_version = "2.2.2"
s.specification_version = 4
s.summary = "zip is a Ruby library for reading and writing Zip files"
end
其实specification本身带有一个--ruby输出选项,输出和上面类似:gem specification zip --ruby,如果想查询远程gem的信息可以在后面加-r选项:gem specification xxx_gem --ruby -r
使用install可以从远程安装gem，不过有时候rubygems.org卡的和屎一样，这时要不你用代理，要不你从其他地方下载下来从本地安装：gem install --local xxx_gem.gem
可以用gem 查看某个gem的所有相关文件:
wisy@wisy-ThinkPad-X61:~/src/ruby_src/drb$ gem contents zip /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/ChangeLog.txt /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/NEWS.txt /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/README /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/Rakefile /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/TODO.txt /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/ioextras.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/stdrubyext.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/tempfile_bugfixed.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/version.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/zip.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/zipfilesystem.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/lib/zip/ziprequire.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/samples/example.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/samples/example_filesystem.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/samples/gtk_zip.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/samples/write_simple.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/samples/zipfind.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/alltests.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/file1.txt /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/file1.txt.deflatedData /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/file2.txt /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/notzippedruby.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/rubycode.zip /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/rubycode2.zip /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/testDirectory.bin /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/data/zipWithDirs.zip /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/gentestfiles.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/ioextrastest.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/stdrubyexttest.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/zipfilesystemtest.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/ziprequiretest.rb /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/zip-2.0.2/test/ziptest.rb
最后可以用gem update升级所有本地gem,也可以用gem outdated查看本地需要升级的gem.