SSH2框架搭建

SSH框架,当今最为流行的项目开发框架,那么掌握他的第一步自然是学习如何配置环境,java Web开发的无论哪种框架都离不开各种xml配置,虽然说配置在网上到处都有,但是要成为高手,必须要明白配置中每一部分的意义,分析它的规律,因此走好这第一步至关重要。

SSH分为SSH1和SSH2,区别主要在于Struts的版本,即Struts1和Struts2,Struts1与Struts2在配置上有所差别,但每一步配置的意义区别不大。对于Struts1框架的搭建我已经在之前的文章介绍过了:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6897757

这回主要为大家介绍的是基于Struts2的SSH2框架搭建。

我们在搭建框架之前,首先一定要注意各个框架的版本,不同的版本集成方式和所需的jar包是有区别的。

SSH2框架的版本为:struts-2.2.3 + spring-2.5.6 + hibernate-3.6.8

1.  所需jar包

struts2:

struts2-core-2.2.3.jar

struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.3.jar

xwork-core-2.2.3.jar

commons-io-2.0.1.jar

commons-lang-2.5.jar

commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar

freemarker-2.3.16.jar

ognl-3.0.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar(hibernate同样需要)

spring:

spring.jar

commons-logging-1.1.1.jar

common-annotations.jar

aspectjrt.jar

aspectjweaver.jar

cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar

(如果用BasicDataSource来配置数据库连接,还要加入以下2个包)

commons-dbcp.jar

commons-pool.jar

hibernate:

hibernate3.jar

hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar

antlr-2.7.6.jar

commons-collections-3.1.jar

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar

jta-1.1.jar

slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar(这个jar包要去slf4j官网下载slf4j-1.6.4集成包)

jdbc:

ojdbc14.jar(oracle)

2. web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>testSSH</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  

  <!-- 配置资源 -->
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  	<param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <!-- 配置自定义filter,并由spring管理 -->
  <!-- 
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  	  <param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
  	  <param-value>true</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<init-param>
  	  <param-name>encoding</param-name>
  	  <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>
  

  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>myFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
   -->
  

  <!-- 配置CharacterEncoding,设置字符集 -->
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  	  <param-name>encoding</param-name>
  	  <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<init-param>
  	  <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
  	  <param-value>true</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!-- 将HibernateSession开关控制配置在Filter,保证一个请求一个session,并对lazy提供支持 -->
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  	  <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
  	  <param-value>true</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  
  <!-- 配置struts2 -->
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>config</param-name>
  		<param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,/config/struts.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>

  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  

  <!-- 配置spring -->
  <listener>
  	<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  

  <!-- 页面session配置 -->
  <session-config>
  	<session-timeout>20</session-timeout>
  </session-config>
  

  <!-- 错误页面 -->
  <error-page>
  	<error-code>404</error-code>
  	<location>/error404.html</location>
  </error-page>
</web-app>

 注意:

① 配置自定义filter即DelegatingFilterProxy时,参数targetFilterLifecycle设为true是将filter放入web容器中成为真正意义上的filter。否则只是个代理filter,不具有filter的生命周期,因此无法执行filter的init、destroy方法。因为统一交由spring管理,所以在spring资源配置文件(如applicationContext.xml)中必须相应的并且名称为myFilter的bean。

② OpenSessionInViewFilter要将参数singleSession设置为true,否则意义不大。

③ 配置struts2建议采用StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter。struts.xml默认放在src根目录下,若想放置到其他地方还要将struts-default.xml和struts-plugin.xml一同配置下,否则在于其他框架结合时(如spring)就会报错。配置struts2的filter标签要放到所有filter标签的最下面,否则会有问题。

3. struts.xml配置

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
	<!-- 将Action的创建交给spring来管理 -->
	<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />

	<!-- 更改struts2请求Action的后缀名,默认为action。若想去掉后缀,设为","即可 -->
	<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>

	<package name="struts" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<!-- 配置拦截器 -->
		<interceptors>
			<interceptor name="myInterceptor" class="myInterceptor"></interceptor>
			<interceptor-stack name="myDefult">
				<interceptor-ref name="myInterceptor"></interceptor-ref>
				<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
			</interceptor-stack>
		</interceptors>

		<action name="myLogin" class="loginAction">
			<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
			<result name="error" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
		</action>

		<action name="testSession" class="sessionAction">
			<interceptor-ref name="myDefult"></interceptor-ref>
			<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
			<result name="error" type="redirect">/login.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

注意:

① 执行完自定义拦截器后,还要执行struts2默认的拦截器defaultStack,否则可能会出错。

② action标签的class属性,与spring结合后要写成spring中bean的名称name。

4. applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
	<!-- 启用spring注解支持 -->
	<context:annotation-config/>
	
	<!-- 第一种方法配置sessionFactory -->
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 第二种方法配置sessionFactory
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:wang"/>
		<property name="username" value="wang"/>
		<property name="password" value="wang"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
		
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</prop>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		
		<property name="mappingLocations">
			<list>
				<value>classpath:test/entity/User.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	 -->
	
	<!-- 第一种方法配置事务 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
	</bean>
	
	<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
			<tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" no-rollback-for="MyException"/>
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
			<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true"/>
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice> 
	
	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut id="daoMethods" expression="execution(* test.dao.*.*(..))"/>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="daoMethods"/>
	</aop:config>
	
	<!-- 第二种方法配置事务
	<bean id="transactionProxy" class= "org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true">
	必须为true时CGLIB才不用强制编写DAO接口
        <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true" />
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
            	<prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, -Exception</prop>
            	<prop key="del*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, +MyException</prop>
            	<prop key="update">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED, readOnly</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="userService" parent="transactionProxy">
		<property name="target" ref="iUserService"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="iUserService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
	 -->
	
	<bean id="userService" class="test.service.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
	
	<bean id="userDao" class="test.dao.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- spring管理的自定义filter -->
	<bean id="myFilter" class="test.service.MyFilter"></bean>
	
	<!-- spring管理struts2的Action -->
	<bean id="loginAction" class="test.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
	<bean id="sessionAction" class="test.action.SessionAction" scope="prototype"></bean>
	<bean id="myInterceptor" class="test.service.MyInterceptor" scope="prototype"></bean>
</beans>

注意:

① 配置事务时,如果事务是与含有sessionFactory的DAO层关联的话,要将<aop:config>标签的proxy-target-class属性设为true(第二种方法是proxyTargetClass属性),否则就会报错

② 采用Resource或Autowired注解时,bean中无需配置property属性标签。

③ 采用第二种方法配置sessionFactory时,还需要另外引入两个包(详见上述“所需jar”部分)。

5. filter与拦截器

● MyFilter.java

package test.service;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyFilter implements Filter {

	private String encoding;

	@Override
	public void destroy() {

	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
		response.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("========" + config.getInitParameter("encoding") + "========");
		encoding = config.getInitParameter("encoding");
	}
}

● MyInterceptor.java

package test.service;

import java.util.Map;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class MyInterceptor implements Interceptor{

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void init() {
		
	}

	@Override
	public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
		Map sessionMap = invocation.getInvocationContext().getSession();
		String username = (String)sessionMap.get("username");
		
		if (username != null) {
			return invocation.invoke();
		}
		return "error";
	}

}

filter与拦截器(interceptor)的区别:

二者不论从结构还是功能都非常相似,但是二者是有区别的,:

① filter是基于servlet容器的,而interceptor仅限于struts2,因此filter的作用域要远大于interceptor。

② filter中doFilter方法是基于回调函数,而interceptor中intercept方法则是基于java反射。

③ filter的功能要远大于interceptor,filter除了过滤请求外通过通配符可以保护页面,图片,文件,还可以进行加密、安全过滤、权限管理等等,而Interceptor基本只能过滤请求。

④ filter拦截请求的粒度较粗,interceptor拦截请求的粒度较细。

6. action层

● LoginAction.java

package test.action;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import test.entity.User;
import test.service.IUserService;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
	
	@Resource
	private IUserService userService;
	
	private String username;

	private String password;

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		User user = new User();
		user.setUsername(username);
		user.setPassword(password);
		try {
			userService.addUser(user);
			HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
			request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);
			return "success";
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return "error";
	}
}

7. service层

● UserServiceImpl.java

package test.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import test.dao.IUserDao;
import test.entity.User;

public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService{
	
	@Resource
	private IUserDao userDao;

	@Override
	public void addUser(User user) throws Exception {
		userDao.addUser(user);
		if (!"admin".equals(user.getUsername()) || !"admin".equals(user.getPassword())) {
			throw new Exception();
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean updateUser(User user) {
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean delUser(String username) {
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public List<User> findAllUser() {
		return null;
	}
}

接口因为很简单,就不展示了,这里我将filter和拦截器也放到了service层,仅是个示例而已,filter或interceptor最好单独放在一层。

8. dao层

● UserDaoImpl.java

package test.dao;

import java.util.Date;

import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;

import test.entity.User;

public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements IUserDao{

	@Override
	public void addUser(User user){
		user.setName("wang");
		user.setCreateTime(new Date());
		user.setModifyTime(new Date());
		this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
	}
}

9. entity层

package test.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {

	private String username;
	
	private String password;
	
	private String name;
	
	private String email;
	
	private String tell;
	
	private Date createTime;
	
	private Date modifyTime;

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getEmail() {
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email) {
		this.email = email;
	}

	public String getTell() {
		return tell;
	}

	public void setTell(String tell) {
		this.tell = tell;
	}

	public Date getCreateTime() {
		return createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}

	public Date getModifyTime() {
		return modifyTime;
	}

	public void setModifyTime(Date modifyTime) {
		this.modifyTime = modifyTime;
	}
}

这里其实提到用到了很多的知识点,需要学习和深入的地方很多,希望通过本篇的引领的为大家打开一扇窗户。

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