用freemarker生产静态页面文件，支持多语言
FreeMarker概述
- FreeMarker是一个模板引擎，一个基于模板生成文本输出的通用工具，使用纯Java编写
- Template + data model = output
[ 编辑]
Hello world
- FreeMarkerTest.java
import java.io.StringWriter;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Locale; import freemarker.template.Configuration;import freemarker.template.Template; publicclass FreeMarkerTest { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){ FreeMarkerTest test = new FreeMarkerTest(); test.sayHello("Hermit"); } publicvoid sayHello(String name){ Configuration freemarkerCfg = new Configuration(); freemarkerCfg.setClassForTemplateLoading(this.getClass(), "/"); freemarkerCfg.setEncoding(Locale.getDefault(), "UTF-8"); Template template; Locale.setDefault(Locale.ENGLISH); try{ template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate("Hello.ftl"); template.setEncoding("UTF-8"); HashMap root = newHashMap(); root.put("user", name); StringWriter writer = newStringWriter(); template.process(root, writer); System.out.println(writer.toString()); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }} }
- Hello.ftl
Hello ${user}!
- 输出
Hello Hermit!
空值的处理
在我们的程序中难免会碰到值为空的时候，如果用一个空值直接去替换模板中的标记，freemarker会毫不犹豫的抛出异常，并把错误信息直接写到输出结果里。为了对付这种情况我们有两种写法
- 模板
Hello ${user!}!
Hello ${user?if_exists}
Hello ${user!'your name'}!
Hello ${user?default('your name')}
- 程序
test.sayHello(null);
- 输出
Hello ! Hello your name! Hello Hello your name
freemarker国际化模板
freemarker支持多语言国际化，只要把模板名称按照java资源文件的写法就可以了,也就是name_语言_国家地区.ftl 如果找不到对应的语言，就会用默认语言的模板。
- 程序
import java.io.StringWriter;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Locale; import freemarker.template.Configuration;import freemarker.template.Template; publicclass FreeMarkerTest { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){ FreeMarkerTest test = new FreeMarkerTest(); test.sayHello("hermit",Locale.CHINA); test.sayHello("hermit",Locale.ENGLISH); } publicvoid sayHello(String name,Locale locale){ Configuration freemarkerCfg = new Configuration(); freemarkerCfg.setClassForTemplateLoading(this.getClass(), "/"); freemarkerCfg.setEncoding(Locale.getDefault(), "UTF-8"); Template template; Locale.setDefault(Locale.ENGLISH); try{ template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate("Hello.ftl",locale); template.setEncoding("UTF-8"); HashMap root = newHashMap(); root.put("user", name); StringWriter writer = newStringWriter(); template.process(root, writer); System.out.println(writer.toString()); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }} }
- 默认语言模版:Hello.ftl
Hello ${user!}!
- 中文模版:Hello_zh_CN.ftl
你好 ${user!}!
- 输出
你好 hermit! Hello hermit!
在struts项目中使用freemarker
- 1、引入freemarker.jar
- 2、web.xml加入
<!-- FreeMarker view servlet (to replace JSP) --><servlet><servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name><servlet-class> freemarker.ext.servlet.FreemarkerServlet </servlet-class> <!-- FreemarkerServlet settings: --><init-param><param-name>TemplatePath</param-name><param-value>/</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>NoCache</param-name><param-value>true</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>ContentType</param-name><param-value>text/html</param-value></init-param> <!-- FreeMarker settings: --><init-param><param-name>template_update_delay</param-name><param-value>0</param-value><!-- 0 is for development only! Use higher value otherwise. --></init-param><init-param><param-name>default_encoding</param-name><param-value>utf-8</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>locale</param-name><param-value>en_US</param-value></init-param><init-param><param-name>number_format</param-name><param-value>0.##########</param-value></init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet> <servlet-mapping><servlet-name>freemarker</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.ftl</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>
- 3、一个示例页面
<html><head><title>Say Hello</title><METAHTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type"CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><h1>Hello ${user}!</h1></body></html>
我们完全可以用freemarker的模板取代JSP页面。用freemarker的模板看起更简洁，可读性更强。比如现在struts2的UI标签就是用freemarker做的。
freemarker用struts标签做国际化
- 示例模板
<#assign html =JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld"]><#assign bean =JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld"]><#assign logic =JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld"]><html><head><title> FreeMarker Struts Example </title><metahttp-equiv ="Content-type"content ="text/html; charset=utf-8"></ head ><body><@bean.message key ="hello" arg0 ="hermit"/></body></html>
主要是引入标签的时候要这样写：
<#assign html =JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/struts-html.tld"]>
freemarker直接使用资源文件进行多语言国际化
- 程序
import java.io.StringWriter;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Locale;import java.util.ResourceBundle; import freemarker.ext.beans.BeansWrapper;import freemarker.ext.beans.ResourceBundleModel;import freemarker.template.Configuration;import freemarker.template.Template; publicclass FreeMarkerTest { publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){ FreeMarkerTest test = new FreeMarkerTest(); test.sayHello("hermit",Locale.CHINA); test.sayHello("hermit",Locale.ENGLISH); } publicvoid sayHello(String name,Locale locale){ Configuration freemarkerCfg = new Configuration(); freemarkerCfg.setClassForTemplateLoading(this.getClass(), "/"); freemarkerCfg.setEncoding(Locale.getDefault(), "UTF-8"); Template template; Locale.setDefault(Locale.ENGLISH); try{ template = freemarkerCfg.getTemplate("Hello.ftl"); template.setEncoding("UTF-8"); HashMap root = newHashMap(); root.put("user", name); ResourceBundle RESOURCE_BUNDLE = ResourceBundle.getBundle("ApplicationResources",locale); ResourceBundleModel rsbm = new ResourceBundleModel(RESOURCE_BUNDLE,new BeansWrapper()); root.put("bundle", rsbm); StringWriter writer = newStringWriter(); template.process(root, writer); System.out.println(writer.toString()); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }} }
- 模板
${bundle("hello","hermit")}
- 默认语言资源文件
hello=Hello {0}\!
- 中文资源文件
hello=你好 {0}\!
- 输出
你好 hermit! Hello hermit!
关键的地方就是用ResourceBundleModel把ResourceBundle转换一下。
常用的2种加载模板的方式
- 普通java类根据当前class上下文环境加载模板
cfg.setClassForTemplateLoading(this.getClass(), "/");
- 在web项目中根据servlet上下文环境加载模板
cfg.setServletContextForTemplateLoading(this.getServlet().getServletContext(), "/");