一.UUID的介绍:UUID又称为通用唯一标识符,是一个128位长的数字,一般用16进制表示,算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当前时间和一个随机数来生成UUID.
二:UUID的形式是:4-2-2-2-6,共4+2+2+2+6=16个字节。比如,550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000 。其中,第3部分的第一个字节(即总体上的第7个字节)的高4位用来表示uuid的version类型。version表明了uuid的算法版本,目前有如下几种:
1,version1:version1是第一次提出来的算法,算法使用了唯一硬件地址(比如,网卡啊,cpu编号啊)+精确到100纳秒的时间,还有其他的一些数据来产生结果。可是,它被广泛的抵制了,因为根据uuid可以很容易的查到是那台电脑构建的(因为网卡地址唯一)。传闻说有一次网络攻击行为就是被这种方式给追踪到黑客的。
2,version3:第3版本的算法(很奇怪的是居然没有第2版本的算法),这个算法十分简单,就是使用md5算法hash一个唯一url地址。保证uuid的唯一需要你自己保证url地址的唯一。
3,version4:第4版本的算法,这个算法也很容易理解,它是直接使用一个随机数来构建uuid。随机数如何构建由自己决定。
4,version5:第5版本的算法,这个算法和第3版本的算法几乎一样,唯一不同的是它使用了sha-1算法代替md5算法来进行hash。
三:UUID在使用一
二:UUID的形式是:4-2-2-2-6,共4+2+2+2+6=16个字节。比如,550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000 。其中,第3部分的第一个字节(即总体上的第7个字节)的高4位用来表示uuid的version类型。version表明了uuid的算法版本,目前有如下几种:
1,version1:version1是第一次提出来的算法,算法使用了唯一硬件地址(比如,网卡啊,cpu编号啊)+精确到100纳秒的时间,还有其他的一些数据来产生结果。可是,它被广泛的抵制了,因为根据uuid可以很容易的查到是那台电脑构建的(因为网卡地址唯一)。传闻说有一次网络攻击行为就是被这种方式给追踪到黑客的。
2,version3:第3版本的算法(很奇怪的是居然没有第2版本的算法),这个算法十分简单,就是使用md5算法hash一个唯一url地址。保证uuid的唯一需要你自己保证url地址的唯一。
3,version4:第4版本的算法,这个算法也很容易理解,它是直接使用一个随机数来构建uuid。随机数如何构建由自己决定。
4,version5:第5版本的算法,这个算法和第3版本的算法几乎一样,唯一不同的是它使用了sha-1算法代替md5算法来进行hash。
三:UUID在使用一
/** */
/**
*
* @author wangdei
* 在 http://www.bt285.cn BT下载
* http://www.5a520.cn 小说520 上使用.
*
*/
public class RandomGUID extends Object {
protected final org.apache.commons.logging.Log logger = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
.getLog(getClass());
public String valueBeforeMD5 = "";
public String valueAfterMD5 = "";
private static Random myRand;
private static SecureRandom mySecureRand;
private static String s_id;
private static final int PAD_BELOW = 0x10;
private static final int TWO_BYTES = 0xFF;
/**//*
* Static block to take care of one time secureRandom seed.
* It takes a few seconds to initialize SecureRandom. You might
* want to consider removing this static block or replacing
* it with a "time since first loaded" seed to reduce this time.
* This block will run only once per JVM instance.
*/
static {
mySecureRand = new SecureRandom();
long secureInitializer = mySecureRand.nextLong();
myRand = new Random(secureInitializer);
try {
s_id = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**//*
* Default constructor. With no specification of security option,
* this constructor defaults to lower security, high performance.
*/
public RandomGUID() {
getRandomGUID(false);
}
/**//*
* Constructor with security option. Setting secure true
* enables each random number generated to be cryptographically
* strong. Secure false defaults to the standard Random function seeded
* with a single cryptographically strong random number.
*/
public RandomGUID(boolean secure) {
getRandomGUID(secure);
}
/**//*
* Method to generate the random GUID
*/
private void getRandomGUID(boolean secure) {
MessageDigest md5 = null;
StringBuffer sbValueBeforeMD5 = new StringBuffer(128);
try {
md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
logger.error("Error: " + e);
}
try {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
long rand = 0;
if (secure) {
rand = mySecureRand.nextLong();
} else {
rand = myRand.nextLong();
}
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(s_id);
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(time));
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(rand));
valueBeforeMD5 = sbValueBeforeMD5.toString();
md5.update(valueBeforeMD5.getBytes());
byte[] array = md5.digest();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32);
for (int j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) {
int b = array[j] & TWO_BYTES;
if (b < PAD_BELOW)
sb.append('0');
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b));
}
valueAfterMD5 = sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Error:" + e);
}
}
/**//*
* Convert to the standard format for GUID
* (Useful for SQL Server UniqueIdentifiers, etc.)
* Example: C2FEEEAC-CFCD-11D1-8B05-00600806D9B6
*/
public String toString() {
String raw = valueAfterMD5.toUpperCase();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
sb.append(raw.substring(0, 8));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(8, 12));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(12, 16));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(16, 20));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(20));
return sb.toString();
}
// Demonstraton and self test of class
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i=0; i< 100; i++) {
RandomGUID myGUID = new RandomGUID();
System.out.println("Seeding String=" + myGUID.valueBeforeMD5);
System.out.println("rawGUID=" + myGUID.valueAfterMD5);
System.out.println("RandomGUID=" + myGUID.toString());
}
}
}
*
* @author wangdei
* 在 http://www.bt285.cn BT下载
* http://www.5a520.cn 小说520 上使用.
*
*/
public class RandomGUID extends Object {
protected final org.apache.commons.logging.Log logger = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory
.getLog(getClass());
public String valueBeforeMD5 = "";
public String valueAfterMD5 = "";
private static Random myRand;
private static SecureRandom mySecureRand;
private static String s_id;
private static final int PAD_BELOW = 0x10;
private static final int TWO_BYTES = 0xFF;
/**//*
* Static block to take care of one time secureRandom seed.
* It takes a few seconds to initialize SecureRandom. You might
* want to consider removing this static block or replacing
* it with a "time since first loaded" seed to reduce this time.
* This block will run only once per JVM instance.
*/
static {
mySecureRand = new SecureRandom();
long secureInitializer = mySecureRand.nextLong();
myRand = new Random(secureInitializer);
try {
s_id = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**//*
* Default constructor. With no specification of security option,
* this constructor defaults to lower security, high performance.
*/
public RandomGUID() {
getRandomGUID(false);
}
/**//*
* Constructor with security option. Setting secure true
* enables each random number generated to be cryptographically
* strong. Secure false defaults to the standard Random function seeded
* with a single cryptographically strong random number.
*/
public RandomGUID(boolean secure) {
getRandomGUID(secure);
}
/**//*
* Method to generate the random GUID
*/
private void getRandomGUID(boolean secure) {
MessageDigest md5 = null;
StringBuffer sbValueBeforeMD5 = new StringBuffer(128);
try {
md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
logger.error("Error: " + e);
}
try {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
long rand = 0;
if (secure) {
rand = mySecureRand.nextLong();
} else {
rand = myRand.nextLong();
}
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(s_id);
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(time));
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":");
sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(rand));
valueBeforeMD5 = sbValueBeforeMD5.toString();
md5.update(valueBeforeMD5.getBytes());
byte[] array = md5.digest();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32);
for (int j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) {
int b = array[j] & TWO_BYTES;
if (b < PAD_BELOW)
sb.append('0');
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b));
}
valueAfterMD5 = sb.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("Error:" + e);
}
}
/**//*
* Convert to the standard format for GUID
* (Useful for SQL Server UniqueIdentifiers, etc.)
* Example: C2FEEEAC-CFCD-11D1-8B05-00600806D9B6
*/
public String toString() {
String raw = valueAfterMD5.toUpperCase();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64);
sb.append(raw.substring(0, 8));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(8, 12));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(12, 16));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(16, 20));
sb.append("-");
sb.append(raw.substring(20));
return sb.toString();
}
// Demonstraton and self test of class
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int i=0; i< 100; i++) {
RandomGUID myGUID = new RandomGUID();
System.out.println("Seeding String=" + myGUID.valueBeforeMD5);
System.out.println("rawGUID=" + myGUID.valueAfterMD5);
System.out.println("RandomGUID=" + myGUID.toString());
}
}
}
四:UUID在使用二
可以采用一个开源实现:http://jug.safehaus.org/ 或者用jakarta commons下的http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/sandbox/id/
五:UUID在使用三
在Java1.5中,已经包含了一个UUID的实现java.util.UUID。要随机生成一个UUID,只要用两行代码就可以了:String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); 目前UUID类只提供了根据md5和根据随机数来构建uuid的算法(即第3和第4个版本的算法)。