[前端] webSQL介绍及简单示例

HTML5 Web SQL

Html5数据库API是以一个独立规范形式出现,它包含三个核心方法:

1、openDatabase:这个方法使用现有数据库或创建新数据库创建数据库对象。

2、transaction:这个方法允许我们根据情况控制事务提交或回滚。

3、executeSql:这个方法用于执行真实的SQL查询。

打开数据库

openDatabase方法可以打开已经存在的数据库,不存在则创建:

var db = openDatabase('mydatabase', '2.0', my db', 2 * 1024);
openDatabasek中五个参数分别为:数据库名、版本号、描述、数据库大小、创建回调。创建回调没有也可以创建数据库。

执行查询

database.transaction()函数用来查询,下面将在mydatabase数据库中创建表t1:

var db = openDatabase(' mydatabase ', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024);
db.transaction(function (tx) {
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (id unique, log)');
});

插入操作

var db = openDatabase('mydatabase', '2.0', my db', 2 * 1024);  db.transaction(function (tx) {
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (id unique, log)');
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO t1 (id, log) VALUES (1, "foobar")');
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO t1 (id, log) VALUES (2, "logmsg")');
});
在插入新记录时,我们还可以传递动态值,如:

var db = openDatabase(' mydatabase ', '2.0', 'my db', 2 * 1024);
db.transaction(function (tx) {
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (id unique, log)');
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO t1  (id,log) VALUES (?, ?'), [e_id, e_log]; //e_ide_log是外部变量 });

读操作

如果要读取已经存在的记录,我们使用一个回调捕获结果,代码如下:

var db = openDatabase(mydatabase, '2.0', 'my db', 2*1024);     db.transaction(function (tx) {
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 (id unique, log)');
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO t1 (id, log) VALUES (1, "foobar")');
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO t1 (id, log) VALUES (2, "logmsg")');
});
db.transaction(function (tx) {
    tx.executeSql('SELECT * FROM t1, [], function (tx, results) {  var len = results.rows.length, i;
    msg = "<p>Found rows: " + len + "</p>";
    document.querySelector('#status').innerHTML += msg;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++){
        alert(results.rows.item(i).log );
    }
}, null);
});


演示一:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var db = openDatabase('mydb', '1.0', 'Test DB', 2 * 1024 * 1024);
        var msg;
        db.transaction(function (tx) {
            tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS LOGS (id unique, log)');
            tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id, log) VALUES (1, "foobar")');
            tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO LOGS (id, log) VALUES (2, "logmsg")');
            msg = '<p>Log message created and row inserted.</p>';
            document.querySelector('#status').innerHTML = msg;
        });

        db.transaction(function (tx) {
            tx.executeSql('SELECT * FROM LOGS', [], function (tx, results) {
                var len = results.rows.length, i;
                msg = "<p>Found rows: " + len + "</p>";
                document.querySelector('#status').innerHTML += msg;
                for (i = 0; i < len; i++){
                    msg = "<p><b>" + results.rows.item(i).log + "</b></p>";
                    document.querySelector('#status').innerHTML += msg;
                }
            }, null);
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="status" name="status">Status Message</div>
</body>
</html>

效果:

[前端] webSQL介绍及简单示例_第1张图片


演示二


HTML布局:

<table>
    <tr>
        <td>用户名:</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="txtName" id="txtName" required/></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>标题:</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="txtTitle" id="txtTitle" required/></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>留言:</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="txtWords" id="txtWords" required/></td>
    </tr>
</table>
<input type="button" value="保存" id="btnSave"/>
<hr/>
<input type="button" value="展示所哟数据" onclick="showAllTheData();"/>

<table id="tblData">
</table>

JS代码(需要jQuery):

<script type="text/javascript">
    function initDatabase() {
        var db = getCurrentDb();//初始化数据库  if(!db) {alert("您的浏览器不支持HTML5本地数据库");return;}
        db.transaction(function (trans) {//启动一个事务,并设置回调函数  //执行创建表的Sql脚本  trans.executeSql(
                "create table if not exists Demo(uName text null,title text null,words text null)",
                [],
                function (trans, result) { //结果回调  },
                function (trans, message) {//消息的回调函数alert(message);});  }
            );
        });
    }
    $(function () {//页面加载完成后绑定页面按钮的点击事件  initDatabase();
        $("#btnSave").click(function () {
            var txtName = $("#txtName").val();
            var txtTitle = $("#txtTitle").val();
            var txtWords = $("#txtWords").val();
            var db = getCurrentDb();
            //执行sql脚本,插入数据  db.transaction(function (trans) {
                trans.executeSql("insert into Demo(uName,title,words) values(?,?,?) ", [txtName, txtTitle, txtWords], function (ts, data) {
                }, function (ts, message) {
                    alert(message);
                });
            });
            showAllTheData();
        });
    });
    function getCurrentDb() {
        //打开数据库,或者直接连接数据库参数:数据库名称,版本,概述,大小  //如果数据库不存在那么创建之  var db = openDatabase("myDb", "1.0", "it's to save demo data!", 1024 * 1024); ;
        return db;
    }
    //显示所有数据库中的数据到页面上去  function showAllTheData() {
        $("#tblData").empty();
        var db = getCurrentDb();
        db.transaction(function (trans) {
            trans.executeSql("select * from Demo ", [], function (ts, data) {
                if (data) {
                    for (var i = 0; i < data.rows.length; i++) {
                        appendDataToTable(data.rows.item(i));//获取某行数据的json对象  }
                }
            }, function (ts, message) {alert(message);var tst = message;});
        });
    }
    function appendDataToTable(data) {//将数据展示到表格里面  //uName,title,words  var txtName = data.uName;
        var txtTitle = data.title;
        var words = data.words;
        var strHtml = "";
        strHtml += "<tr>";
        strHtml += "<td>"+txtName+"</td>";
        strHtml += "<td>" + txtTitle + "</td>";
        strHtml += "<td>" + words + "</td>";
        strHtml += "</tr>";
        $("#tblData").append(strHtml);
    }
</script>

效果:

[前端] webSQL介绍及简单示例_第2张图片


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