android 休眠唤醒机制分析(二) — early_suspend

early_suspend是Android休眠流程的第一阶段即浅度休眠,不会受到wake_lock的阻止,一般用于关闭lcd、tp等设备为运行的应用节约电能。Android的PowerManagerService会根据用户的操作情况调整电源状态,如果需要休眠则会调用到HAL层的set_screen_state()接口,在set_screen_state()中会向/sys/power/state节点写入"mem"值让驱动层开始进入休眠流程。

一、休眠唤醒机制及其用户空间接口

Linux系统支持如下休眠唤醒等级

const char *const pm_states[PM_SUSPEND_MAX] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
	[PM_SUSPEND_ON]		= "on",
#endif
	[PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY]	= "standby",
	[PM_SUSPEND_MEM]	= "mem",
};
但在Android中一般只支持"on"和"mem",其中"on"为唤醒设备,"mem"为休眠设备。/sys/power/state节点的读写操作如下:
static ssize_t state_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
			  char *buf)
{
	char *s = buf;
#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PM_SUSPEND_MAX; i++) {
		if (pm_states[i] && valid_state(i))
			s += sprintf(s,"%s ", pm_states[i]);  // 打印系统支持的休眠等级
	}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
	s += sprintf(s, "%s\n", "disk");
#else
	if (s != buf)
		/* convert the last space to a newline */
		*(s-1) = '\n';
#endif
	return (s - buf);
}

static ssize_t state_store(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
			   const char *buf, size_t n)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
	suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_ON;
#else
	suspend_state_t state = PM_SUSPEND_STANDBY;
#endif
	const char * const *s;
#endif
	char *p;
	int len;
	int error = -EINVAL;

	p = memchr(buf, '\n', n);
	len = p ? p - buf : n;

	/* First, check if we are requested to hibernate */
	if (len == 4 && !strncmp(buf, "disk", len)) {
		error = hibernate();
  goto Exit;
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_SUSPEND
	for (s = &pm_states[state]; state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX; s++, state++) {
		if (*s && len == strlen(*s) && !strncmp(buf, *s, len))
			break;
	}
	if (state < PM_SUSPEND_MAX && *s)
#ifdef CONFIG_EARLYSUSPEND
		if (state == PM_SUSPEND_ON || valid_state(state)) {
			error = 0;
			request_suspend_state(state);  // 请求进入android的休眠流程
		}
#else
		error = enter_state(state);  // linux的标准休眠流程
#endif
#endif

 Exit:
	return error ? error : n;
}

power_attr(state);

其中state_show()为节点的读函数,主要打印出系统支持的休眠等级;state_store()为节点的写函数,根据参数请求休眠或者唤醒流程。节点的创建代码如下:

static struct attribute * g[] = {
	&state_attr.attr,        // state节点
#ifdef CONFIG_PM_TRACE
	&pm_trace_attr.attr,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PM_SLEEP) && defined(CONFIG_PM_DEBUG)
	&pm_test_attr.attr,      // pm_test节点
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_USER_WAKELOCK
	&wake_lock_attr.attr,    // wake_lock节点
	&wake_unlock_attr.attr,  // wake_unlock节点
#endif
	NULL,
};

static struct attribute_group attr_group = {
	.attrs = g,
};

static int __init pm_init(void)
{
	int error = pm_start_workqueue();
	if (error)
		return error;
	power_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("power", NULL);  // 创建power节点
	if (!power_kobj)
		return -ENOMEM;
	return sysfs_create_group(power_kobj, &attr_group);  // 创建一组属性节点
}

core_initcall(pm_init);

二、early_suspend 实现

1、early_suspend 定义、接口及其用法

enum {
	EARLY_SUSPEND_LEVEL_BLANK_SCREEN = 50,
	EARLY_SUSPEND_LEVEL_STOP_DRAWING = 100,
	EARLY_SUSPEND_LEVEL_DISABLE_FB = 150,
};
struct early_suspend {
#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_EARLYSUSPEND
	struct list_head link;  // 链表节点
	int level;              // 优先等级
	void (*suspend)(struct early_suspend *h);
	void (*resume)(struct early_suspend *h);
#endif
};

可以看到early_suspend由两个函数指针、链表节点、优先等级组成;内核默认定义了3个优先等级,在suspend的时候先执行优先等级低的handler,在resume的时候则先执行等级高的handler,用户可以定义自己的优先等级;early_suspend向内核空间提供了2个接口用于注册和注销handler:

void register_early_suspend(struct early_suspend *handler);
void unregister_early_suspend(struct early_suspend *handler);
其中register_early_suspend()用于注册,unregister_early_suspend用于注销;一般early_suspend的使用方式如下:

ts->earlysuspend.suspend = sitronix_i2c_suspend_early;
ts->earlysuspend.resume = sitronix_i2c_resume_late;
ts->earlysuspend.level = EARLY_SUSPEND_LEVEL_BLANK_SCREEN;
register_early_suspend(&ts->earlysuspend);
设置好suspend和resume接口,定义优先等级,然后注册结构即可。

2、初始化信息

我们看一下early_suspend需要用到的一些数据:

static DEFINE_MUTEX(early_suspend_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(early_suspend_handlers);  // 初始化浅度休眠链表
// 声明3个工作队列用于同步、浅度休眠和唤醒
static void early_sys_sync(struct work_struct *work);
static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work);
static void late_resume(struct work_struct *work);
static DECLARE_WORK(early_sys_sync_work,early_sys_sync);
static DECLARE_WORK(early_suspend_work, early_suspend);
static DECLARE_WORK(late_resume_work, late_resume);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(state_lock);
enum {
	SUSPEND_REQUESTED = 0x1,  // 当前正在请求浅度休眠
	SUSPENDED = 0x2,          // 浅度休眠完成
	SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED = SUSPEND_REQUESTED | SUSPENDED,
};
static int state;
初始化了一个链表early_suspend_handlers用于管理early_suspend,还定义读写链表用到的互斥体;另外还声明了3个工作队列,分别用于缓存同步、浅度休眠和唤醒;还声明了early_suspend操作的3个状态。
3、register_early_suspend 和 unregister_early_suspend

void register_early_suspend(struct early_suspend *handler)
{
	struct list_head *pos;

	mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
	// 遍历浅度休眠链表
	list_for_each(pos, &early_suspend_handlers) {
		struct early_suspend *e;
		e = list_entry(pos, struct early_suspend, link);
		// 判断当前节点的优先等级是否大于handler的优先等级
		// 以此决定handler在链表中的顺序
		if (e->level > handler->level)
			break;
	}
	// 将handler加入当前节点之前,优先等级越低越靠前
	list_add_tail(&handler->link, pos);
	if ((state & SUSPENDED) && handler->suspend)
		handler->suspend(handler);
	mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_early_suspend);
注册的流程比较简单,首先遍历链表,依次比较每个节点的优先等级,如果遇到优先等级比新节点优先等级高则跳出,然后将新节点加入优先等级较高的节点前面,这样就确保了链表是优先等级低在前高在后的顺序;在将节点加入链表后查看当前状态是否为浅度休眠完成状态,如果是则执行handler的suspend函数。

void unregister_early_suspend(struct early_suspend *handler)
{
	mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
	list_del(&handler->link);
	mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_early_suspend);
注销流程则只是将节点从链表中移除。
4、request_suspend_state

前面我们看到用户空间在写/sys/power/state节点的时候会执行request_suspend_state()函数,该函数代码如下:

void request_suspend_state(suspend_state_t new_state)
{
	unsigned long irqflags;
	int old_sleep;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	old_sleep = state & SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
	// 打印当前状态
	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_USER_STATE) {
		struct timespec ts;
		struct rtc_time tm;
		getnstimeofday(&ts);
		rtc_time_to_tm(ts.tv_sec, &tm);
		pr_info("request_suspend_state: %s (%d->%d) at %lld "
			"(%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%09lu UTC)\n",
			new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON ? "sleep" : "wakeup",
			requested_suspend_state, new_state,
			ktime_to_ns(ktime_get()),
			tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
			tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
	}
	// 如果新状态是休眠状态
	if (!old_sleep && new_state != PM_SUSPEND_ON) {
		state |= SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
		pr_info("sys_sync_work_queue early_sys_sync_work.\n");
		// 执行缓存同步与浅度休眠的工作队列
		queue_work(sys_sync_work_queue, &early_sys_sync_work);
		queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &early_suspend_work);
	} else if (old_sleep && new_state == PM_SUSPEND_ON) {
	// 如果新状态是唤醒状态
		state &= ~SUSPEND_REQUESTED;
		// 激活内核锁
		wake_lock(&main_wake_lock);
		// 执行浅度唤醒的工作队列
		queue_work(suspend_work_queue, &late_resume_work);
	}
	// 更新全局状态
	requested_suspend_state = new_state;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}
函数首先打印出当前状态变化的log,然后判断新状态,如果是休眠状态则置位SUSPEND_REQUESTED标志,然后将同步缓存、浅度休眠工作队列加入相应的内核线程执行;如果新状态是唤醒则首先将main_wake_lock激活,然后再将浅度唤醒工作队列加入内核线程执行;最后更新全局状态变量,因为提供了一个内核空间接口用于获取当前休眠唤醒状态:

// 返回系统状态值
suspend_state_t get_suspend_state(void)
{
	return requested_suspend_state;
}
5、early_suspend_work、late_resume_work 和 early_sys_sync
static void early_suspend(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct early_suspend *pos;
	unsigned long irqflags;
	int abort = 0;

	mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED)  // 判断当前状态是否在请求浅度休眠
		state |= SUSPENDED;      // 如果是则置位SUSPENDED
	else
		abort = 1;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);

	if (abort) {  // 取消early_suspend
		if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
			pr_info("early_suspend: abort, state %d\n", state);
		mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
		goto abort;
	}

	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("early_suspend: call handlers\n");
	// 遍历浅度休眠链表并执行其中所有suspend函数
	// 执行顺序根据优先等级而定,等级越低越先执行
	list_for_each_entry(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link) {
		if (pos->suspend != NULL)
			pos->suspend(pos);
	}
	mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);

	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("early_suspend: sync\n");

	/* Remove sys_sync from early_suspend, and use work queue to complete sys_sync */
	//sys_sync();
abort:
	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	if (state == SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED)
		wake_unlock(&main_wake_lock);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);
}
在suspend流程中首先判断当前状态是否为SUSPEND_REQUESTED,如果是则置位SUSPENDED标志,如果不是则取消suspend流程;然后遍历浅度休眠链表,从链表头部到尾部依次调用各节点的suspend()函数,执行完后判断当前状态是否为SUSPEND_REQUESTED_AND_SUSPENDED,如果是则释放 main_wake_lock,当前系统中如果只存在main_wake_lock这个有效锁,则会在wake_unlock()里面启动 深度休眠线程,如果还有其他其他wake_lock则保持当前状态。

static void late_resume(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct early_suspend *pos;
	unsigned long irqflags;
	int abort = 0;

	mutex_lock(&early_suspend_lock);
	spin_lock_irqsave(&state_lock, irqflags);
	if (state == SUSPENDED)  // 清除浅度休眠完成标志
		state &= ~SUSPENDED;
	else
		abort = 1;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&state_lock, irqflags);

	if (abort) {
		if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
			pr_info("late_resume: abort, state %d\n", state);
		goto abort;
	}
	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("late_resume: call handlers\n");
	// 反向遍历浅度休眠链表并执行其中所有resume函数
	// 执行顺序根据优先等级而定,等级越高越先执行
	list_for_each_entry_reverse(pos, &early_suspend_handlers, link)
		if (pos->resume != NULL)
			pos->resume(pos);
	if (debug_mask & DEBUG_SUSPEND)
		pr_info("late_resume: done\n");
abort:
	mutex_unlock(&early_suspend_lock);
}
在resume流程中同样首先判断当前状态是否为SUSPENDED,如果是则清除SUSPENDED标志,然后反向遍历浅度休眠链表,按照优先等级从高到低的顺序执行节点的resume()函数。

static void early_sys_sync(struct work_struct *work)
{
	wake_lock(&sys_sync_wake_lock);
	sys_sync();
	wake_unlock(&sys_sync_wake_lock);
}

内核专门为缓存同步建立了一个线程,同时还创建了sys_sync_wake_lock防止在同步缓存时系统进入深度休眠。

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