一、什么是XSS攻击
XSS是一种经常出现在web应用中的计算机安全漏洞,它允许恶意web用户将代码植入到提供给其它用户使用的页面中。比如这些代码包括HTML代码和客户端脚本。攻击者利用XSS漏洞旁路掉访问控制——例如同源策略(same origin policy)。这种类型的漏洞由于被黑客用来编写危害性更大的网络钓鱼(Phishing)攻击而变得广为人知。对于跨站脚本攻击,黑客界共识是:跨站脚本攻击是新型的“缓冲区溢出攻击“,而JavaScript是新型的“ShellCode”。
二、XSS漏洞的危害
(1)网络钓鱼,包括盗取各类用户账号;
(2)窃取用户cookies资料,从而获取用户隐私信息,或利用用户身份进一步对网站执行操作;
(3)劫持用户(浏览器)会话,从而执行任意操作,例如进行非法转账、强制发表日志、发送电子邮件等;
(4)强制弹出广告页面、刷流量等;
(5)网页挂马;
(6)进行恶意操作,例如任意篡改页面信息、删除文章等;
(7)进行大量的客户端攻击,如DDoS攻击;
(8)获取客户端信息,例如用户的浏览历史、真实IP、开放端口等;
(9)控制受害者机器向其他网站发起攻击;
(10)结合其他漏洞,如CSRF漏洞,实施进一步作恶;
(11)提升用户权限,包括进一步渗透网站;
(12)传播跨站脚本蠕虫等;
……
三、如何编写代码来避免
如下代码可以避免XSS注入,但是作者因知识面有限,故不能保证100%能完全将XSS攻击者拒之门外,还需大家根据实际情况进行优化和改进。
既然我们通过代码来解决问题,就尽可能的不涉及开发人员的对原有代码修改,所以我们增加过滤器来拦截处理,本文原有框架使用springmvc。
1、IllegalCharacterFilter.java
package com.lenovo.common.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/** * 非法字符过滤器,用来处理request.getParamater中的非法字符。如<script>alert('123');</script> * * @author 单红宇(365384722) * @myblog http://blog.csdn.net/catoop/ * @create 2015年9月18日 */
public class IllegalCharacterFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,
FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
request = new MHttpServletRequest(request);
chain.doFilter(request, res);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
2、MHttpServletRequest.java
package com.lenovo.common.filter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import com.lenovo.common.utils.XssShieldUtil;
/** * 参数特殊字符过滤 * * @author 单红宇(365384722) * @myblog http://blog.csdn.net/catoop/ * @create 2015年9月18日 */
public class MHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
public MHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
// 返回值之前 先进行过滤
return XssShieldUtil.stripXss(super.getParameter(XssShieldUtil.stripXss(name)));
}
@Override
public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
// 返回值之前 先进行过滤
String[] values = super.getParameterValues(XssShieldUtil.stripXss(name));
if(values != null){
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
values[i] = XssShieldUtil.stripXss(values[i]);
}
}
return values;
}
}
3、XssShieldUtil.java
package com.lenovo.common.utils;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
/** * 处理非法字符 * * @author 单红宇(365384722) * @myblog http://blog.csdn.net/catoop/ * @create 2015年9月18日 */
public class XssShieldUtil {
private static List<Pattern> patterns = null;
private static List<Object[]> getXssPatternList() {
List<Object[]> ret = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
ret.add(new Object[]{"<(no)?script[^>]*>.*?</(no)?script>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE});
ret.add(new Object[]{"eval\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL});
ret.add(new Object[]{"expression\\((.*?)\\)", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL});
ret.add(new Object[]{"(javascript:|vbscript:|view-source:)*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE});
ret.add(new Object[]{"<(\"[^\"]*\"|\'[^\']*\'|[^\'\">])*>", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL});
ret.add(new Object[]{"(window\\.location|window\\.|\\.location|document\\.cookie|document\\.|alert\\(.*?\\)|window\\.open\\()*", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL});
ret.add(new Object[]{"<+\\s*\\w*\\s*(oncontrolselect|oncopy|oncut|ondataavailable|ondatasetchanged|ondatasetcomplete|ondblclick|ondeactivate|ondrag|ondragend|ondragenter|ondragleave|ondragover|ondragstart|ondrop|onerror=|onerroupdate|onfilterchange|onfinish|onfocus|onfocusin|onfocusout|onhelp|onkeydown|onkeypress|onkeyup|onlayoutcomplete|onload|onlosecapture|onmousedown|onmouseenter|onmouseleave|onmousemove|onmousout|onmouseover|onmouseup|onmousewheel|onmove|onmoveend|onmovestart|onabort|onactivate|onafterprint|onafterupdate|onbefore|onbeforeactivate|onbeforecopy|onbeforecut|onbeforedeactivate|onbeforeeditocus|onbeforepaste|onbeforeprint|onbeforeunload|onbeforeupdate|onblur|onbounce|oncellchange|onchange|onclick|oncontextmenu|onpaste|onpropertychange|onreadystatechange|onreset|onresize|onresizend|onresizestart|onrowenter|onrowexit|onrowsdelete|onrowsinserted|onscroll|onselect|onselectionchange|onselectstart|onstart|onstop|onsubmit|onunload)+\\s*=+", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE | Pattern.MULTILINE | Pattern.DOTALL});
return ret;
}
private static List<Pattern> getPatterns() {
if (patterns == null) {
List<Pattern> list = new ArrayList<Pattern>();
String regex = null;
Integer flag = null;
int arrLength = 0;
for(Object[] arr : getXssPatternList()) {
arrLength = arr.length;
for(int i = 0; i < arrLength; i++) {
regex = (String)arr[0];
flag = (Integer)arr[1];
list.add(Pattern.compile(regex, flag));
}
}
patterns = list;
}
return patterns;
}
public static String stripXss(String value) {
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(value)) {
Matcher matcher = null;
for(Pattern pattern : getPatterns()) {
matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
// 匹配
if(matcher.find()) {
// 删除相关字符串
value = matcher.replaceAll("");
}
}
value = value.replaceAll("<", "<").replaceAll(">", ">");
}
// if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
// LOG.debug("strip value: " + value);
return value;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String value = null;
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<script language=text/javascript>alert(document.cookie);</script>");
System.out.println("type-1: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<script src='' onerror='alert(document.cookie)'></script>");
System.out.println("type-2: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("</script>");
System.out.println("type-3: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss(" eval(abc);");
System.out.println("type-4: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss(" expression(abc);");
System.out.println("type-5: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<img src='' onerror='alert(document.cookie);'></img>");
System.out.println("type-6: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<img src='' onerror='alert(document.cookie);'/>");
System.out.println("type-7: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<img src='' onerror='alert(document.cookie);'>");
System.out.println("type-8: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<script language=text/javascript>alert(document.cookie);");
System.out.println("type-9: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<script>window.location='url'");
System.out.println("type-10: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss(" onload='alert(\"abc\");");
System.out.println("type-11: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<img src=x<!--'<\"-->>");
System.out.println("type-12: '" + value + "'");
value = XssShieldUtil.stripXss("<=img onstop=");
System.out.println("type-13: '" + value + "'");
}
}
4、web.xml 配置
<!-- 非法参数过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>IllegalCharacterFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.lenovo.common.filter.IllegalCharacterFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>IllegalCharacterFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>