Android 异步更新UI----handler+thread

android应用是单线程模式的。

单线程模式需要记住两条:

一、防止UI线程阻塞

二、确保只在UI线程中访问Android UI工具包

在开发Android应用时必须遵守单线程模型的原则:Android UI操作并不是线程安全的并且这些操作必须在UI线程中执行。

每个Android应用程序都运行在一个dalvik虚拟机进程中,进程开始的时候会启动一个主线程(MainThread),主线程负责处理和ui相关的事件,因此主线程通常又叫UI线程。而由于Android采用UI单线程模型,所以只能在主线程中对UI元素进行操作。

开一个线程或者在后台线程中来执行耗时的操作,如下面的例子:

public void onClick( View v ) {  

new Thread( new Runnable() {   

    public void run() {  

Bitmap b = loadImageFromNetwork();   //从网络上下载图片

mImageView.setImageBitmap( b );  //把图片设置给ImageView

}

    }).start()

 }

上面的代码会报错,你可能会说逻辑很正确啊,但是它违背了Android单线程模型:Android UI操作并不是线程安全的并且这些操作必须在UI线程中执行.

例如: 如果在非UI线程直接对UI进行了操作,则会报错:

CalledFromWrongThreadException:only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views

Android为我息循环们提供了消的机制,我们可以利用这个机制来实现线程间的通信。那么,我们就可以在非UI线程发送消息到UI线程,最终让Ui线程来进行ui的操作。

Andriod提供了几种在其他线程中访问UI线程的方法:

Activity.runOnUiThread( Runnable )

View.post( Runnable )   

View.postDelayed( Runnable, long )   

Hanlder

对于运算量较大的操作和IO操作,我们需要新开线程来处理这些繁重的工作,以免阻塞ui线程。

例子:下面我们以获取CSDN logo的例子,演示如何使用Thread+Handler的方式实现在非UI线程发送消息通知UI线程更新界面

ThradHandlerActivity.java:
package com.example.thread;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import com.example.test.R;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ThreadHandlerActivity extends Activity{

	private static final int MSG_SUCCESS = 0;
	private static final int MSG_FAILURE = 1;
	
	private ImageView mImageView;
	private Button mButton;
	
	private Thread mThread;
	
	@SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
	private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			switch (msg.what) {
			case MSG_SUCCESS:
				mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)msg.obj);
				Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
                break; 

			case MSG_FAILURE:  
                Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
                break;
			}
			super.handleMessage(msg);
		}
		
	};

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.thread_layout);
		mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.logo);//显示图片的ImageView  
	    mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.click);
	    mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				if (mThread == null) {
					mThread = new Thread(runnable);
					mThread.start();
				}else {  
                    Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "线程已经运行", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
                } 
			}
		});
	}
	
	Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
		@Override
		public void run() {
			HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
			HttpGet hg = new HttpGet("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
			final Bitmap bm;
			try {
				HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
				bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_FAILURE).sendToTarget();
				return;
			}
			mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SUCCESS, bm).sendToTarget();
//			mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm); //出错!不能在非ui线程操作ui元素
//			 mImageView.post(new Runnable() {//另外一种更简洁的发送消息给ui线程的方法。  
//             @Override  
//             public void run() {//run()方法会在ui线程执行  
//                 mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);  
//             }  
//         });  
		}
	};
}

对于上面的方法,我们使用的是handler+Thread来实现更新UI,在里面也有一条注意的就是

mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm); //出错!不能在非ui线程操作ui元素
其实我们上面提到一个方法Activity.runOnUiThread( Runnable ),将这个Runnable以UI线程的方式启动
/**
     * Runs the specified action on the UI thread. If the current thread is the UI
     * thread, then the action is executed immediately. If the current thread is
     * not the UI thread, the action is posted to the event queue of the UI thread.
     *
     * @param action the action to run on the UI thread
     */
    public final void runOnUiThread(Runnable action) {
        if (Thread.currentThread() != mUiThread) {
            mHandler.post(action);
        } else {
            action.run();
        }
    }

上面Activity的runOnUiThread(Runnable)方法实现。
利用Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)把更新ui的代码创建在Runnable中,然后在需要更新ui时,把这个Runnable对象传给Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable)。 这样Runnable对像就能在ui程序中被调用。如果当前线程是UI线程,那么行动是立即执行。如果当前线程不是UI线程,操作是发布到事件队列的UI线程。
使用示例:

current_activity.this. runOnUiThread(new Runnable() 
                    @Override
                   public void run() { 
                          // refresh ui 的操作代码
                   }
});
这里需要注意的是runOnUiThread是Activity中的方法,在线程中我们需要告诉系统是哪个activity调用,所以前面显示的指明了activity.

所以我们修改一下上面的代码:

package com.example.thread;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import com.example.test.R;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ThreadHandlerActivity extends Activity{

	private static final int MSG_SUCCESS = 0;
	private static final int MSG_FAILURE = 1;
	
	private ImageView mImageView;
	private Button mButton;
	
	@SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
	private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			switch (msg.what) {
			case MSG_SUCCESS:
				mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap)msg.obj);
				Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
                break; 

			case MSG_FAILURE:  
                Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
                break;
			}
			super.handleMessage(msg);
		}
		
	};

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.thread_layout);
		mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.logo);//显示图片的ImageView  
	    mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.click);
	    mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				ThreadHandlerActivity.this.runOnUiThread(runnable);
			}
		});
	}
	
	Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
		@Override
		public void run() {
			HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();
			HttpGet hg = new HttpGet("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif");
			final Bitmap bm;
			try {
				HttpResponse hr = hc.execute(hg);
				bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(hr.getEntity().getContent());
			} catch (Exception e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_FAILURE).sendToTarget();
				return;
			}
			mImageView.setImageBitmap(bm);
		}
	};
	
}
也可以在线程里面直接更新UI。

有人会说我传递一个当前的Activity到一个线程中,然后实现UI更新,那我就是调用的当前的Activity的内容,其实这个也是不对的也会提示

android.view.ViewRoot$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.

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