《精通DirectX 3D》 第二十八章 三维地形模拟 01_Terrain

《精通DirectX 3D》 第二十八章 三维地形模拟 01_Terrain

Terrain.h

// =============================================================================
// Desc: CTerrain类头文件
// =============================================================================
#pragma once

#define         WIDTH        100       // 地形宽度
#define         LENGTH        100       // 地形长度
#define         NUMROWS        50        // 行数
#define         NUMCOLUMNS    50        // 列数

#define         NUMVERTICES    ((NUMCOLUMNS+1) * (NUMROWS+1))   // 顶点个数
#define         NUMFACES    ((NUMCOLUMNS*NUMROWS) * 2)       // 三角形面数
#define         CSTEP        ((float) WIDTH / (float) NUMCOLUMNS)   // 横向每格宽度
#define         RSTEP        ((float) LENGTH / (float) NUMROWS)     // 纵向每格宽度



// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: CFlutterFlag类的定义
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class  CTerrain
{
public :
    CTerrain( void );
     ~ CTerrain( void );

private :
    LPD3DXMESH            m_pMesh;          // 网格对象
    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9    m_pTex;           // 纹理
    D3DXMATRIX            m_WorldMatrix;    // 世界矩阵

private :
     float    HeightField(  float  x,  float  z );
    HRESULT BuildFlagMesh(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9  pd3dDevice);

public :
    HRESULT Create(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9  pd3dDevice);
    HRESULT Render(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9  pd3dDevice);
    HRESULT Destroy();
};

Terrain.cpp

// =============================================================================
// Desc: CTerrain类源文件
// =============================================================================
#include  " dxstdafx.h "
#include  " Terrain.h "


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 顶点结构
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct  TERRAINVERTEX
{
    D3DXVECTOR3   p;        // 点的坐标
    D3DXVECTOR3   n;        // 顶点法线
    D3DXVECTOR2   vTex;     // 纹理坐标
};
#define  D3DFVF_TERRAINVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_NORMAL| D3DFVF_TEX1)


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 构造函数
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CTerrain::CTerrain( void )
{
    m_pMesh          =  NULL;
    m_pTex           =  NULL;

     // 构造世界矩阵
    D3DXMatrixTranslation(  & m_WorldMatrix,  - 50.0f ,  0.0f ,  - 50.0f  );
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 析构函数
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CTerrain:: ~ CTerrain( void )
{
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 高程生成函数
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
float  CTerrain::HeightField(  float  x,  float  z )
{
    FLOAT y  =   0.0f ;
    y  +=   7.0f   *  cosf(  0.051f * x  +   0.0f  )  *  sinf(  0.055f * x  +   0.0f  );
    y  +=   7.0f   *  cosf(  0.053f * z  +   0.0f  )  *  sinf(  0.057f * z  +   0.0f  );
    y  +=   1.0f   *  cosf(  0.101f * x  +   0.0f  )  *  sinf(  0.105f * x  +   0.0f  );
    y  +=   1.0f   *  cosf(  0.103f * z  +   0.0f  )  *  sinf(  0.107f * z  +   0.0f  );
    y  +=   1.0f   *  cosf(  0.251f * x  +   0.0f  )  *  sinf(  0.255f * x  +   0.0f  );
    y  +=   1.0f   *  cosf(  0.253f * z  +   0.0f  )  *  sinf(  0.257f * z  +   0.0f  );
     return  y;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 创建网格对象
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CTerrain::BuildFlagMesh(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9  pd3dDevice)  
{
    HRESULT  hr   =  S_OK;

     // 创建网格
    V_RETURN(D3DXCreateMeshFVF( NUMFACES, NUMFACES  *   3 ,
                               D3DXMESH_MANAGED, D3DFVF_TERRAINVERTEX, 
                               pd3dDevice,  & m_pMesh ))

    TERRAINVERTEX *  pVertices  =  NULL;
    V_RETURN( m_pMesh -> LockVertexBuffer( 0 , (LPVOID * ) & pVertices) );

     // 初始化网格顶点数据
     for ( int  r = 0 ; r < NUMROWS; r ++ )
    {
         for ( int  c = 0 ; c < NUMCOLUMNS; c ++ )
        {
            pVertices -> p     =  D3DXVECTOR3(c * CSTEP,  0.0f , r * CSTEP );
            pVertices -> p.y   =  HeightField(pVertices -> p.x, pVertices -> p.z);
            pVertices -> vTex  =  D3DXVECTOR2( float (c) / NUMCOLUMNS,  1 - float (r) / NUMROWS);
            pVertices ++ ;
          
            pVertices -> p     =  D3DXVECTOR3(c * CSTEP,  0.0f , (r + 1 ) * CSTEP );
            pVertices -> p.y   =  HeightField(pVertices -> p.x, pVertices -> p.z);
            pVertices -> vTex  =  D3DXVECTOR2( float (c) / NUMCOLUMNS,  1 - float (r + 1 ) / NUMROWS);
            pVertices ++ ;
          
            pVertices -> p     =  D3DXVECTOR3((c + 1 ) * CSTEP,  0.0f , (r + 1 ) * CSTEP);
            pVertices -> p.y   =  HeightField(pVertices -> p.x, pVertices -> p.z);
            pVertices -> vTex  =  D3DXVECTOR2( float (c + 1 ) / NUMCOLUMNS,  1 - float (r + 1 ) / NUMROWS);
            pVertices ++ ;

            pVertices -> p     =  D3DXVECTOR3(c * CSTEP,  0.0f , r * CSTEP);
            pVertices -> p.y   =  HeightField(pVertices -> p.x, pVertices -> p.z);
            pVertices -> vTex  =  D3DXVECTOR2( float (c) / NUMCOLUMNS,  1 - float (r) / NUMROWS);
            pVertices ++ ;

            pVertices -> p     =  D3DXVECTOR3((c + 1 ) * CSTEP,  0.0f , (r + 1 ) * CSTEP);
            pVertices -> p.y   =  HeightField(pVertices -> p.x, pVertices -> p.z);
            pVertices -> vTex  =  D3DXVECTOR2( float (c + 1 ) / NUMCOLUMNS,  1 - float (r + 1 ) / NUMROWS);
            pVertices ++ ;

            pVertices -> p     =  D3DXVECTOR3((c + 1 ) * CSTEP,  0.0f , r * CSTEP );
            pVertices -> p.y   =  HeightField(pVertices -> p.x, pVertices -> p.z);
            pVertices -> vTex  =  D3DXVECTOR2( float (c + 1 ) / NUMCOLUMNS,  1 - float (r) / NUMROWS);
            pVertices ++ ;
        }
    }
    m_pMesh -> UnlockVertexBuffer();

     // 设置索引缓冲区
    WORD *  pIndex;
    V_RETURN( m_pMesh -> LockIndexBuffer( 0 , (LPVOID * ) & pIndex) );
    WORD iIndex;
     for ( iIndex  =   0 ; iIndex  <  NUMFACES  *   3 ; iIndex ++  )
    {
         * (pIndex ++ )  =  iIndex;
    }
    m_pMesh -> UnlockIndexBuffer();
   
     // 合并多余的顶点
    DWORD *  pdwAdjacency  =   new  DWORD[ 3   *  NUMFACES];
     if ( pdwAdjacency  ==  NULL )
    {
         return  E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    }

    V_RETURN( D3DXWeldVertices( m_pMesh, D3DXWELDEPSILONS_WELDALL, 
                               NULL, NULL, pdwAdjacency, NULL, NULL ) );
   
     // 优化处理
    V_RETURN(m_pMesh -> OptimizeInplace( D3DXMESHOPT_COMPACT  |  D3DXMESHOPT_VERTEXCACHE,
                                       pdwAdjacency, NULL, NULL, NULL ) );
   
     // 计算顶点法线
    D3DXComputeNormals( m_pMesh, NULL );
       
     return  S_OK;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 初始化相关对象
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CTerrain::Create(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9  pd3dDevice)
{
    HRESULT hr  =  S_OK;

     // 创建地形网格
    V_RETURN(BuildFlagMesh(pd3dDevice));

     // 创建地面纹理
    V_RETURN( D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( pd3dDevice, L " Media\\terrain.bmp " ,  & m_pTex ));

     return  hr;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 渲染地形
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CTerrain::Render(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9  pd3dDevice)
{
    pd3dDevice -> SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD,  & m_WorldMatrix );
    pd3dDevice -> SetTexture( 0 , m_pTex);
    m_pMesh -> DrawSubset( 0 );
     return  S_OK;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 清除相关对象
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CTerrain::Destroy()
{
    SAFE_RELEASE(m_pMesh );
    SAFE_RELEASE(m_pTex);
     return  S_OK;
}

Main.cpp

// =============================================================================
//  Desc: 主程序源代码
// =============================================================================
#include  " dxstdafx.h "
#include  " resource.h "
#include  " Terrain.h "


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  全局变量
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID3DXFont *                  g_pFont  =  NULL;           // ID3DXFont字体对象
ID3DXSprite *                g_pTextSprite  =  NULL;     // ID3DXSprite文本精灵对象
bool                        g_bShowHelp  =   true ;       // 标识是否显示简单说明文本

CDXUTDialogResourceManager g_DialogResourceManager;  // 对话框资源管理器
CD3DSettingsDlg            g_SettingsDlg;            // Direct3D设备设置对话框
CDXUTDialog                g_HUD;                    // 对话框
CDXUTDialog                g_SampleUI;               // 对话框

CTerrain *                   g_pTerrain;               // 地向对象

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  控件ID
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define  IDC_TOGGLEFULLSCREEN      1
#define  IDC_TOGGLEREF             2
#define  IDC_CHANGEDEVICE          3
#define  IDC_USEOPTIMIZE           4


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 函数声明
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool     CALLBACK IsDeviceAcceptable( D3DCAPS9 *  pCaps, D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat, D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat,  bool  bWindowed,  void *  pUserContext );
bool     CALLBACK ModifyDeviceSettings( DXUTDeviceSettings *  pDeviceSettings,  const  D3DCAPS9 *  pCaps,  void *  pUserContext );
HRESULT CALLBACK OnCreateDevice( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice,  const  D3DSURFACE_DESC *  pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,  void *  pUserContext );
HRESULT CALLBACK OnResetDevice( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice,  const  D3DSURFACE_DESC *  pBackBufferSurfaceDesc,  void *  pUserContext );
void     CALLBACK OnFrameMove( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice,  double  fTime,  float  fElapsedTime,  void *  pUserContext );
void     CALLBACK OnFrameRender( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice,  double  fTime,  float  fElapsedTime,  void *  pUserContext );
LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam,  bool *  pbNoFurtherProcessing,  void *  pUserContext );
void     CALLBACK KeyboardProc( UINT nChar,  bool  bKeyDown,  bool  bAltDown,  void *  pUserContext );
void     CALLBACK OnGUIEvent( UINT nEvent,  int  nControlID, CDXUTControl *  pControl,  void *  pUserContext );
void     CALLBACK OnLostDevice(  void *  pUserContext );
void     CALLBACK OnDestroyDevice(  void *  pUserContext );

void     InitApp();
void     RenderText();


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 入口函数
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPSTR,  int  )
{
     // 为Debug配置启用运行时内存检查功能
#if  defined(DEBUG) | defined(_DEBUG)
    _CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF  |  _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF );
#endif

     // 设置回调函数
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceCreated( OnCreateDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceReset( OnResetDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceLost( OnLostDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackDeviceDestroyed( OnDestroyDevice );
    DXUTSetCallbackMsgProc( MsgProc );
    DXUTSetCallbackKeyboard( KeyboardProc );
    DXUTSetCallbackFrameRender( OnFrameRender );
    DXUTSetCallbackFrameMove( OnFrameMove );

     // 应用程序相关的初始化
    InitApp();

     // 初始化DXUT, 创建窗口, 创建Direct3D设备对象
    DXUTInit(  true ,  true ,  true  );
    DXUTSetCursorSettings(  true ,  true  );
    DXUTCreateWindow( L " Terrain "  );
    DXUTCreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,  true ,  640 ,  480 , 
        IsDeviceAcceptable, ModifyDeviceSettings );

     // 进入消息循环和场景渲染
    DXUTMainLoop();

     // 在此进行应用程序相关的清除工作

     return  DXUTGetExitCode();
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 应用程序相关初始化
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  InitApp()
{
     // 初始化对话框
    g_SettingsDlg.Init(  & g_DialogResourceManager );
    g_HUD.Init(  & g_DialogResourceManager );
    g_SampleUI.Init(  & g_DialogResourceManager );

     // 为g_HUD对话框设置消息处理函数,添加控件
    g_HUD.SetCallback( OnGUIEvent );  int  iY  =   10 ; 
    g_HUD.AddButton( IDC_TOGGLEFULLSCREEN, L " Toggle full screen " ,  35 , iY,  125 ,  22  );
    g_HUD.AddButton( IDC_TOGGLEREF, L " Toggle REF (F3) " ,  35 , iY  +=   24 ,  125 ,  22  );
    g_HUD.AddButton( IDC_CHANGEDEVICE, L " Change device (F2) " ,  35 , iY  +=   24 ,  125 ,  22 , VK_F2 );
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 设备能力检查
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool  CALLBACK IsDeviceAcceptable( D3DCAPS9 *  pCaps, D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat, 
                                  D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat,  bool  bWindowed, 
                                   void *  pUserContext )
{
     // 检查后台缓冲区格式是否支持Alpha混合等操作(post pixel blending operations)
    IDirect3D9 *  pD3D  =  DXUTGetD3DObject(); 
     if ( FAILED( pD3D -> CheckDeviceFormat( pCaps -> AdapterOrdinal, pCaps -> DeviceType,
                    AdapterFormat, D3DUSAGE_QUERY_POSTPIXELSHADER_BLENDING, 
                    D3DRTYPE_TEXTURE, BackBufferFormat ) ) )
         return   false ;

     return   true ;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 修改Direct3D渲染设备设置
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool  CALLBACK ModifyDeviceSettings( DXUTDeviceSettings *  pDeviceSettings, 
                                     const  D3DCAPS9 *  pCaps,  void *  pUserContext )
{
     // 如果不支持硬件顶点处理则使用软件顶点处理
     if ( (pCaps -> DevCaps  &  D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)  ==   0 )
    {
        pDeviceSettings -> BehaviorFlags  =  D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
    }

     // 如果使用参考设备,则弹出警告对话框
     static   bool  s_bFirstTime  =   true ;
     if ( s_bFirstTime )
    {
        s_bFirstTime  =   false ;
         if ( pDeviceSettings -> DeviceType  ==  D3DDEVTYPE_REF )
            DXUTDisplaySwitchingToREFWarning();
    }

     return   true ;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 在此创建管理内存资源对象
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnCreateDevice( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice, 
                                 const  D3DSURFACE_DESC *  pBackBufferSurfaceDesc, 
                                 void *  pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT hr;

    V_RETURN( g_DialogResourceManager.OnCreateDevice( pd3dDevice ) );
    V_RETURN( g_SettingsDlg.OnCreateDevice( pd3dDevice ) );
    
     // 创建字体
    V_RETURN( D3DXCreateFont( pd3dDevice,  15 ,  0 , FW_BOLD,  1 , FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, 
                         OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH  |  FF_DONTCARE, 
                         L " Arial " ,  & g_pFont ) );

     // 创建地形对象
    g_pTerrain  =   new  CTerrain;
    g_pTerrain -> Create(pd3dDevice);

     return  S_OK;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 在此创建默认内存类型资源对象
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT CALLBACK OnResetDevice( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice, 
                                 const  D3DSURFACE_DESC *  pBackBufferSurfaceDesc, 
                                 void *  pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT hr;

    V_RETURN( g_DialogResourceManager.OnResetDevice() );
    V_RETURN( g_SettingsDlg.OnResetDevice() );

     // 设置对话框位置和尺寸
    g_HUD.SetLocation( pBackBufferSurfaceDesc -> Width - 170 ,  0  );
    g_HUD.SetSize(  170 ,  170  );
    g_SampleUI.SetLocation( pBackBufferSurfaceDesc -> Width - 170 , 
                            pBackBufferSurfaceDesc -> Height - 350  );
    g_SampleUI.SetSize(  170 ,  300  );

     // 恢复字体
     if ( g_pFont )
        V_RETURN( g_pFont -> OnResetDevice() );
   
     // 创建ID3DXSprite接口对象
    V_RETURN( D3DXCreateSprite( pd3dDevice,  & g_pTextSprite ) );

     // 设置观察矩阵
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matView;
    D3DXVECTOR3 vEyePt(  0.0f ,  30.0f , - 100.0  );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vLookatPt(  0.0f ,  0.0f ,  10.0f  );
    D3DXVECTOR3 vUpVec(  0.0f ,  1.0f ,  0.0f  );
    D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(  & matView,  & vEyePt,  & vLookatPt,  & vUpVec );
    pd3dDevice -> SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW,  & matView );

     // 设置投影矩阵
    D3DXMATRIXA16 matProj;
     float  fAspectRatio  =  ( float )pBackBufferSurfaceDesc -> Width  /  pBackBufferSurfaceDesc -> Height;
    D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(  & matProj, D3DX_PI / 4 , fAspectRatio,  1.0f ,  500.0f  );
    pd3dDevice -> SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION,  & matProj );

     // 设置纹理状态
    pd3dDevice -> SetTextureStageState(  0 , D3DTSS_COLOROP,   D3DTOP_MODULATE);
    pd3dDevice -> SetTextureStageState(  0 , D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE );
    pd3dDevice -> SetTextureStageState(  0 , D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE );
    pd3dDevice -> SetSamplerState(  0 , D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR );
    pd3dDevice -> SetSamplerState(  0 , D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR );

     // 设置材质
    D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;
    ZeroMemory(  & mtrl,  sizeof (D3DMATERIAL9) );
    mtrl.Diffuse.r  =  mtrl.Ambient.r  =   1.0f ;
    mtrl.Diffuse.g  =  mtrl.Ambient.g  =   1.0f ;
    mtrl.Diffuse.b  =  mtrl.Ambient.b  =   1.0f ;
    mtrl.Diffuse.a  =  mtrl.Ambient.a  =   1.0f ;
    pd3dDevice -> SetMaterial(  & mtrl );

     // 设置灯光
    D3DXVECTOR3 vecDir;
    D3DLIGHT9 light;
    ZeroMemory(  & light,  sizeof (D3DLIGHT9) );
    light.Type        =  D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
    light.Diffuse.r   =   0.8f ;
    light.Diffuse.g   =   1.0f ;
    light.Diffuse.b   =   0.8f ;
    vecDir  =  D3DXVECTOR3(  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  1.0f  );
    D3DXVec3Normalize( (D3DXVECTOR3 * ) & light.Direction,  & vecDir );
    light.Range        =   1000.0f ;
    pd3dDevice -> SetLight(  0 ,  & light );
    pd3dDevice -> LightEnable(  0 ,  true  );
    pd3dDevice -> SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING,  true  );

     // 设置环境光
    pd3dDevice -> SetRenderState( D3DRS_AMBIENT,  0x00505050 );

     return  S_OK;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 更新场景
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  CALLBACK OnFrameMove( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice,  double  fTime, 
                            float  fElapsedTime,  void *  pUserContext )
{
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 渲染场景
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  CALLBACK OnFrameRender( IDirect3DDevice9 *  pd3dDevice,  double  fTime, 
                             float  fElapsedTime,  void *  pUserContext )
{
    HRESULT hr;
  
     // 如果正在利用Direct3D设备设置对话框进行设置, 则不渲染场景
     if ( g_SettingsDlg.IsActive() )
    {
        g_SettingsDlg.OnRender( fElapsedTime );
         return ;
    }

     // 清除后台颜色缓冲区和深度缓冲区
    V( pd3dDevice -> Clear( 0 , NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET  |  D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 
                         D3DCOLOR_ARGB( 0 ,  45 ,  50 ,  170 ),  1.0f ,  0 ) );

     // 渲染场景
     if ( SUCCEEDED( pd3dDevice -> BeginScene() ) )
    {
         // 渲染地形
        g_pTerrain -> Render(pd3dDevice);

         // 渲染文本和控件
        DXUT_BeginPerfEvent( DXUT_PERFEVENTCOLOR, L " HUD / Stats "  ); 
        RenderText();
        V( g_HUD.OnRender( fElapsedTime ) );
        V( g_SampleUI.OnRender( fElapsedTime ) );
        DXUT_EndPerfEvent();

        V( pd3dDevice -> EndScene() );
    }
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 渲染文本
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  RenderText()
{
    CDXUTTextHelper txtHelper( g_pFont, g_pTextSprite,  15  );

     // 显示当前Direct3D设备状态和渲染帧速率
    txtHelper.Begin();
    txtHelper.SetInsertionPos(  5 ,  5  );
    txtHelper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR(  1.0f ,  1.0f ,  0.0f ,  1.0f  ) );
    txtHelper.DrawTextLine( DXUTGetFrameStats( true ) );
    txtHelper.DrawTextLine( DXUTGetDeviceStats() );

     // 显示其他简要信息
    txtHelper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR(  1.0f ,  1.0f ,  1.0f ,  1.0f  ) );
    txtHelper.DrawTextLine( L " 三维地形模拟 "  );
    
     // 显示简单帮助文本
     const  D3DSURFACE_DESC *  pd3dsdBackBuffer  =  DXUTGetBackBufferSurfaceDesc();
     if ( g_bShowHelp )
    {
        txtHelper.SetInsertionPos(  10 , pd3dsdBackBuffer -> Height - 15 * 6  );
        txtHelper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR(  1.0f ,  0.75f ,  0.0f ,  1.0f  ) );
        txtHelper.DrawTextLine( L " Controls (F1 to hide): "  );

        txtHelper.SetInsertionPos(  40 , pd3dsdBackBuffer -> Height - 15 * 5  );
        txtHelper.DrawTextLine( L " Quit: ESC "  );
    }
     else
    {
        txtHelper.SetInsertionPos(  10 , pd3dsdBackBuffer -> Height - 15 * 2  );
        txtHelper.SetForegroundColor( D3DXCOLOR(  1.0f ,  1.0f ,  1.0f ,  1.0f  ) );
        txtHelper.DrawTextLine( L " Press F1 for help "  );
    }
    txtHelper.End();
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 消息处理
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT CALLBACK MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, 
                          bool *  pbNoFurtherProcessing,  void *  pUserContext )
{
     * pbNoFurtherProcessing  =  g_DialogResourceManager.MsgProc( hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam );
     if (  * pbNoFurtherProcessing )
         return   0 ;

     if ( g_SettingsDlg.IsActive() )
    {
        g_SettingsDlg.MsgProc( hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam );
         return   0 ;
    }

     * pbNoFurtherProcessing  =  g_HUD.MsgProc( hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam );
     if (  * pbNoFurtherProcessing )
         return   0 ;
   
     * pbNoFurtherProcessing  =  g_SampleUI.MsgProc( hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam );
     if (  * pbNoFurtherProcessing )
         return   0 ;

     return   0 ;
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 键盘消息处理
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  CALLBACK KeyboardProc( UINT nChar,  bool  bKeyDown,  bool  bAltDown,  void *  pUserContext )
{
     if ( bKeyDown )
    {
         switch ( nChar )
        {
             case  VK_F1: g_bShowHelp  =   ! g_bShowHelp;  break ;
        }
    }
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 处理各种控件消息
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  CALLBACK OnGUIEvent( UINT nEvent,  int  nControlID, CDXUTControl *  pControl, 
                          void *  pUserContext )
{
     switch ( nControlID )
    {
         case  IDC_TOGGLEFULLSCREEN:
            DXUTToggleFullScreen(); 
             break ;

         case  IDC_TOGGLEREF:
            DXUTToggleREF(); 
             break ;

         case  IDC_CHANGEDEVICE:
            g_SettingsDlg.SetActive(  ! g_SettingsDlg.IsActive() ); 
             break ;
    }
}


// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 释放在OnResetDevice()中创建的资源
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  CALLBACK OnLostDevice(  void *  pUserContext )
{
    g_DialogResourceManager.OnLostDevice();
    g_SettingsDlg.OnLostDevice();
     if ( g_pFont )
        g_pFont -> OnLostDevice();
    SAFE_RELEASE( g_pTextSprite );
}


// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Desc: 释放在OnCreateDevice()中创建的资源
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void  CALLBACK OnDestroyDevice(  void *  pUserContext )
{
    g_DialogResourceManager.OnDestroyDevice();
    g_SettingsDlg.OnDestroyDevice();
    SAFE_RELEASE( g_pFont );

    g_pTerrain -> Destroy();
}