文章3:Linux+Nginx+PHP配置-version1


注意:已经有更好的安装方法,适用于CentOS、ubuntu等Linux系统。
安装新方法
http://blog.csdn.net/yankai0219/article/details/8001210 欢迎大家参考
文章内容
一、安装所需要的程序、库

   1.检查系统中是否有以下程序库
   2.编译php所需的支持库
   3、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
   4、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式)
   5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
二、配置php、php-fpm、nginx
   1、修改php.ini文件
   2、配置eAccelerator加速PHP
   3、创建php-fpm配置文件
   4、启动php-fpm
三、安装Nginx 1.2.3
   1、确认有PCRE库
   2、安装Nginx
   3、创建Nginx日志目录
   4、创建Nginx配置文件
   5、启动Nginx
四、测试Nginx对PHP的解析功能

我所安装的系统:CentOS-6.2-i386-bin-DVD中的desktop系统
以下教程不算完整,其中mysql并不能成功编译到php中,但是此教程与http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/相比,有所完善,当然也有所不足,还请指正。

注意事项:
1.一 检测系统中是否含有程序库,不要一口气利用yum -s install进行安装,如果进行此操作,那么yum and rpm再之后就不能使用,如果使用会提示 段错误。
2. make make install 两句话可以合二为一 即:make && make install 
3.编译mysql时,采用mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz,不要采用mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz,因为有错误mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
4.教程中出现的灰色字体内容,读者自行添加,不影响Nginx+PHP的使用。

一、安装所需要的程序、库
1.检查系统中是否有以下程序库
gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
其中
红色字体:表示没有安装
粗体:表示我的系统中没有这些,需要通过
yum install curl-devel e2fsprogs-devel openldap-servers
注意:xxx与xxx-devel尽量版本一致。比如libjpeg-6b-46.el6.i686 和libjpeg-devel-6b-46.el6.i686
2.编译php所需的支持库
我将下面所需的tar.gz文件都下载到/home/username/download/文件夹下
技巧:可以将make与make install两条命令二合一 make && make install 
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
到此位置,关机系统备份一次 


3、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3 
 采用mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz,不要采用5.5.3,因为该版本有错误
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.5-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../

4、编译安装PHP(FastCGI模式) 
注意1:本想尝试高版本php,但是没有相应的diff.gz,因此只能采用该版本
注意2:由于不能解决MySQL的问题,因此configure时去掉mysql部分,即去掉红色部分
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc  --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
编译后出现错误

在编译php对mysqli的支持的时候出现了如下错误:
checking whether to enable embedded MySQLi support… no
checking for mysql_set_server_option in -lmysqlclient… no
configure: error: wrong mysql library version or lib not found. Check config.log for more information.
解决方案:
     
cd /usr/local/src/php-xxxxx/ext/mysqli
yum -y install mysql-devel
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config= /php-config --enable-embedded-mysqli=shared --enable-shared 
make && make install
这时屏幕会打印mysqli.so生成的路径, 在php.ini里加载就好啦

5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../


tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
二、配置php、php-fpm、nginx
 1、修改php.ini文件

  手工修改:查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
  修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
  并在此行后增加以下几行,然后保存:
  extension = "memcache.so"
    extension = "pdo_mysql.so" //由于前面的mysql没有安装成功,这句话可以去掉
  extension = "imagick.so"

  再查找output_buffering = Off
  修改为output_buffering = On

  再查找
; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

  修改为
cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

即去掉前面的分号‘;’,防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。

 2、配置eAccelerator加速PHP:

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

  按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾,加上以下配置信息:
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"




   3、创建www用户和组,以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录:
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www



   3、创建php-fpm配置文件
(php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁,可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi):
  在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件:
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf


  输入以下内容(如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试,请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>,以便显示PHP错误信息,否则,Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页):
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>

  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

  <section name="global_options">

    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>

    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>

  </section>

  <workers>

    <section name="pool">

      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>

      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

      <value name="listen_options">

        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>

        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner"></value>
        <value name="group"></value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>

      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>

      Unix user of processes
      <value name="user">www</value>

      Unix group of processes
      <value name="group">www</value>

      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">

        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value name="style">static</value>

        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">128</value>

        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value name="apache_like">

          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>

          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>

        </value>

      </value>

      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>

      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>

      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>

      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>

      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>

      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>

      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS?
      <value name="max_requests">1024</value>

      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>

    </section>

  </workers>

</configuration>

  4、启动php-fpm
启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为128(如果服务器内存小于3GB,可以只开启64个进程),用户为www:
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

不知道为何在启动php-fpm时,提示
Starting php_fpm PHP Warning:  PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/memcache.so ' - /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/memcache.so : cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0
done
因此去掉php.ini中的extension = "memcache.so"
如果启动成功会显示:
starting php_fpm done
  注:/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload。
 
三、安装Nginx 1.2.3
1、确认有PCRE库
因为Nginx的Rewrite模块需要它。
     安装命令:
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel 
2、安装Nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz
tar zxvf nginx-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.2.3
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install

按照以上命令,Nginx将被默认安装到/usr/local/nginx目录下,可以通过./configure --help命令来查看Nginx可选择的编译选项。
3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
4、创建Nginx配置文件
  1)在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件:
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
      2)我这儿没有采用原文中的内容,而是自己修改了nginx.conf文件,修改内容如下:
          
修改前 修改后
#user  nobody; #user  www www ;
 #location ~ \.php$ {
#            root           html;
#            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
 #           fastcgi_index  index.php;
#            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
 #           include        fastcgi_params;
 #       }
 location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }
     3)利用下面语句,检测nginx.conf文件是否配置正确
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
     注意:这句话仅用于检测配置文件是否正确,并没有重启nginx软件。还需要执行下面的语句才能进行重启
  如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:
   the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

4)修改nginx.conf文件以后,可以平滑重启(平滑重启:正常来讲,修改服务器配置以后,为了使服务器生效,那么需要关闭服务器并再次开启服务器;平滑重启,则是不需要你去关闭服务器并开启服务器,系统会自动完成)
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload


5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx  
           
四、测试Nginx对PHP的解析功能
这里在/usr/local/nginx/html目录下创建一个phpinfo.php文件,内容如下:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
然后通过浏览器访问 http://127.0.0.1 ,默认会在浏览器显示“Welcome to Nginx!”表示Nginx正常运行。
接着在浏览器中访问 http://127.0.0.1/phpinfo.php ,如果PHP能够正常解析,会出现PHP安装配置以及功能列表统计信息。
6、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

  五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535


  使配置立即生效:
/sbin/sysctl -p


  7、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
  1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后,请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确:
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
注意:这句话仅用于检测配置文件是否正确,并没有重启nginx软件。还需要执行下面的语句才能进行重启
  如果屏幕显示以下两行信息,说明配置文件正确:
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully


  2、平滑重启:
  ①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本,现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单,执行以下命令即可:
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload


  ②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本,平滑重启稍微麻烦一些,按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号:
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

  屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号,例如:
  6302
  这时,执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效:
kill -HUP 6302

  或者无需这么麻烦,找到Nginx的Pid文件:
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


  七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
  1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

  输入以下内容:
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`


  2、设置crontab,每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e

  输入以下内容:
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
































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