最近用到对文本内容进行加密,于是查了一下常用的加密算法:
DES(Data Encryption Standard):对称算法,数据加密标准,速度较快,适用于加密大量数据的场合;
3DES(Triple DES):是基于DES的对称算法,对一块数据用三个不同的密钥进行三次加密,强度更高;
RC2和 RC4:对称算法,用变长密钥对大量数据进行加密,比 DES 快;
IDEA(International Data Encryption Algorithm)国际数据加密算法,使用 128 位密钥提供非常强的安全性;
RSA:由 RSA 公司发明,是一个支持变长密钥的公共密钥算法,需要加密的文件块的长度也是可变的,非对称算法;
DSA(Digital Signature Algorithm):数字签名算法,是一种标准的 DSS(数字签名标准),严格来说不算加密算法;
AES(Advanced Encryption Standard):高级加密标准,对称算法,是下一代的加密算法标准,速度快,安全级别高,目前 AES 标准的一个实现是 Rijndael 算法;
BLOWFISH,它使用变长的密钥,长度可达448位,运行速度很快;
MD5:严格来说不算加密算法,只能说是摘要算法。
以下是Java 实现AES加解密的示例:
加密:
/* * encrypt * @param content: * @param password: */ private static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) { try { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes())); SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] encodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded(); SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(encodeFormat, "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key); byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent); return result; } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }
解密:
/* * decrypt * @param content: * @param password: */ private static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) { try { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes())); SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] encodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded(); SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(encodeFormat, "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key); byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content); return result; } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }
String content = "test"; String password = "12345678"; //加密 System.out.println("加密前:" + content); byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password); //解密 byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult,password); System.out.println("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));
加密前:test 解密后:test
二进制转换为十六进制:
private static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF); if (hex.length() == 1) { hex = '0' + hex; } sb.append(hex.toUpperCase()); } return sb.toString(); }
private static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) { if (hexStr.length() < 1) { return null; } byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length() / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < hexStr.length() / 2; i++) { int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2, i*2+1), 16); int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2+1, i*2+2), 16); result[i] = (byte)(high * 16 + low); } return result; }
String content = "test"; String password = "12345678"; //加密 System.out.println("加密前:" + content); byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password); String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult); System.out.println("加密后:" + encryptResultStr); //解密 byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(encryptResultStr); byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom,password); System.out.println("解密后:" + new String(decryptResult));
加密前:test 加密后:73C58BAFE578C59366D8C995CD0B9D6D 解密后:test