面试题精选（87）：两数组包含问题（来自微软面试题）
题目：
You have given two arrays, say
A: 4, 1, 6, 2, 8, 9, 5, 3, 2, 9, 8, 4, 6
B: 6, 1, 2, 9, 8
where B contains elements which are in A in consecutive locations but may be in any order.
Find their starting and ending indexes in A. (Be careful of duplicate numbers).
answer is （1，5）
先给出代码，再结合代码解释，如下：
#include <iostream> #include <map> using namespace std; void FindConsecutiveSubarrLocation(int A[], int lenA, int B[], int lenB) { map<int, int> bmap; map<int, int> windowmap; map<int, int> diffmap; for(int i = 0; i< lenB; i++) { if(bmap.count(B[i]) == 0) bmap[B[i]] = 1; else ++bmap[B[i]]; if(windowmap.count(A[i]) == 0) windowmap[A[i]] = 1; else ++windowmap[A[i]]; } map<int, int>::iterator it = bmap.begin(); int sameElement = 0; while(it != bmap.end()) { if(windowmap.count((*it).first) != 0) { diffmap[(*it).first] = windowmap[(*it).first] - (*it).second; if(diffmap[(*it).first] == 0) sameElement++; } else diffmap[(*it).first] = -(*it).second;; it++; } if(sameElement == lenB) { cout<<"----------find one---------"<<endl; cout<<"start index:"<<0<<endl; cout<<"end index:"<<lenB-1<<endl; } for(int i = lenB; i < lenA; i++) { if(diffmap.count(A[i-lenB]) != 0) { diffmap[A[i-lenB]]--; if(diffmap[A[i-lenB]] == 0) sameElement++; else if(diffmap[A[i-lenB]] == -1) sameElement--; } if(diffmap.count(A[i]) !=0) { diffmap[A[i]]++; if(diffmap[A[i]] == 0) sameElement++; else if(diffmap[A[i]] == 1) sameElement--; } if(sameElement == diffmap.size()) { cout<<"----------find one---------"<<endl; cout<<"start index:"<<i-lenB+1<<endl; cout<<"end index:"<<i+1<<endl; } } } int main() { int A[] = {4, 1, 2, 1, 8, 9, 2, 1, 2, 9, 8, 4, 6}; int B[] = {1, 1, 2, 8, 9}; int lenA = sizeof(A)/sizeof(int); int lenB = sizeof(B)/sizeof(int); FindConsecutiveSubarrLocation(A, lenA, B, lenB); return 0; }
思路：
ex，
int A[] = {4, 1, 2, 1, 8, 9, 5, 3, 2, 9, 8, 4, 6};
int B[] = {1, 1, 2, 8, 9};
int lenA = 13;
int lenB = 5;
map<int,int> bmap;
map<int,int> windowmap;
map<int,int> diffmap;
首先初始化map:
bmap = {1:2, 2:1, 8:1,9:1}
windowmap = {1:2, 2:1, 4:1,8:1}
diffmap = {1:0, 2:0, 8:0, 9:-1}
其中"1: 0" 意味着数组A的当前滑动窗口正好和数组B包含相同数量的"1"，而 " 9:-1" 则表示A当前的滑动窗口和B比较缺少1个"9"。 并且我们注意到diffmap和bmap拥有相同的key
代码中的变量"sameElement"代表的是diffmap中有多少pair与bmap匹配, 显然，初始化后的“sameElement”变量值会是3 ( 1:0, 2:0, 8:0 in diffmap).
接下来
在数组A中滑动size为lenB的窗口，没向前滑动一步，只需check滑动窗口左侧划出的元素El和右侧滑入的元素Er，更新diffmap和sameElement，如下：
if(diffmap.count(A[i-lenB]) != 0)
{
diffmap[A[i-lenB]]--;
if(diffmap[A[i-lenB]] == 0)
sameElement++;
else if(diffmap[A[i-lenB]] == -1)
sameElement--;
}
if(diffmap.count(A[i]) !=0)
{
diffmap[A[i]]++;
if(diffmap[A[i]] == 0)
sameElement++;
else if(diffmap[A[i]] == 1)
sameElement--;
}
if(sameElement == diffmap.size())
{
cout<<"----------find one---------"<<endl;
cout<<"start index:"<<i-lenB+1<<endl;
cout<<"end index:"<<i+1<<endl;
}