Android中ksoap2-android调用WebService 实现天气预报
Java本身提供丰富的Web Service支持，比如说sun公司制定的JAX-WS 2 规范，还有Apache开源组织所提供的Axis1，Axis2，CXF等，这些技术不仅可以用于方便的对外提供Web Service，也可以用于简化Web Service的客户端编程。WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准，对于这个协议理解不深，知道webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块，android SDK没有直接调用webservice的库，最常用的是借助ksoap2-android这个第三方SDK。
对于手机等小型设备，他们的计算资源，存储资源都十分有限，因此android应用不大可能需要对外提供Web Service，Android应用通常只是充当Web Service的客户端，调用远程Web Service。
Google为Android平台开发Web Service客户端提供了ksoap2-android项目。下载ksoap2-android，点击这里下载jar包http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/。
将下载好的JAR包添加到项目中的lib目录下，就可以借助ksoap2-android项目来调用Web Service所暴露的操作。
使用ksoap2-android调用Web Service操作的步骤如下：
1.创建HttpTransportSE传输对象：HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL); SERVICE_URL是webservice提供服务的url
2.使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象：SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); 设置SOAP协议的版本号，根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。
3.实例化SoapObject对象：SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName); 第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间，可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。
4.设置调用方法的参数值，如果没有参数，可以省略：例如soapObject.addProperty("theCityCode", cityName);
5.记得设置bodyout属性 envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
6.调用webservice：ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE+methodName, envelope);
7.获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息：
SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName+"Result");
在开发天气预报的应用之前，首先需要找到一个可以对外提供天气预报的Web Service,暂且使用网络免费的WebService这个可以http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx
访问http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx?wsdl，可以看到WSDL文档。
通过WSDL文档可以查看到调用Web Service的必要信息。
本程序主要需要调用如下三个Web Service操作：
1.获取省份
2.根据省份获取城市
3.根据城市获取天气
/**
*
*/
package org.crazyit.net;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;
public class WebServiceUtil
{
// 定义Web Service的命名空间
static final String SERVICE_NS = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";
// 定义Web Service提供服务的URL
static final String SERVICE_URL =
"http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx";
// 调用远程Web Service获取省份列表
public static List<String> getProvinceList()
{
// 调用的方法
final String methodName = "getRegionProvince";
// 创建HttpTransportSE传输对象
final HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
ht.debug = true;
// 使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象
final SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope =
new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
// 实例化SoapObject对象
SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NS, methodName);
envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
// 设置与.Net提供的Web Service保持较好的兼容性
envelope.dotNet = true;
FutureTask<List<String>> task = new FutureTask<List<String>>(
new Callable<List<String>>()
{
@Override
public List<String> call()
throws Exception
{
// 调用Web Service
ht.call(SERVICE_NS + methodName, envelope);
if (envelope.getResponse() != null)
{
// 获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息
SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(
methodName + "Result");
// 解析服务器响应的SOAP消息。
return parseProvinceOrCity(detail);
}
return null;
}
});
new Thread(task).start();
try
{
return task.get();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
// 根据省份获取城市列表
public static List<String> getCityListByProvince(String province)
{
// 调用的方法
final String methodName = "getSupportCityString";
// 创建HttpTransportSE传输对象
final HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
ht.debug = true;
// 实例化SoapObject对象
SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NS, methodName);
// 添加一个请求参数
soapObject.addProperty("theRegionCode", province);
// 使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象
final SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope =
new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
// 设置与.Net提供的Web Service保持较好的兼容性
envelope.dotNet = true;
FutureTask<List<String>> task = new FutureTask<List<String>>(
new Callable<List<String>>()
{
@Override
public List<String> call()
throws Exception
{
// 调用Web Service
ht.call(SERVICE_NS + methodName, envelope);
if (envelope.getResponse() != null)
{
// 获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息
SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(
methodName + "Result");
// 解析服务器响应的SOAP消息。
return parseProvinceOrCity(detail);
}
return null;
}
});
new Thread(task).start();
try
{
return task.get();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private static List<String> parseProvinceOrCity(SoapObject detail)
{
ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < detail.getPropertyCount(); i++)
{
// 解析出每个省份
result.add(detail.getProperty(i).toString().split(",")[0]);
}
return result;
}
public static SoapObject getWeatherByCity(String cityName)
{
final String methodName = "getWeather";
final HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
ht.debug = true;
final SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope =
new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NS, methodName);
soapObject.addProperty("theCityCode", cityName);
envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
// 设置与.Net提供的Web Service保持较好的兼容性
envelope.dotNet = true;
FutureTask<SoapObject> task = new FutureTask<SoapObject>(
new Callable<SoapObject>()
{
@Override
public SoapObject call()
throws Exception
{
ht.call(SERVICE_NS + methodName, envelope);
SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(
methodName + "Result");
return detail;
}
});
new Thread(task).start();
try
{
return task.get();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
上面程序调用Web Service时将SoapSerializationEnvelope对象的dotNet属性设为true，因为上面这个网址是通过.NET来对外提供Web Service 的，因此需要将属性设为true。有了上面的工具类之后，接下来可以在Activity中使用该工具类来获取天气服务信息。该Activity使用了两个Spinner让用户选择省份，城市，当用户选择指定城市后，系统将会加载该程序的天气信息。
该程序的界面布局代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/province" />
<!-- 让用户选择省份的Spinner -->
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/province"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/city" />
<!-- 让用户选择城市的Spinner -->
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/city"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
<!-- 显示今天天气的图片和文本框 -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/todayWhIcon1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/todayWhIcon2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/weatherToday"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>
<!-- 显示明天天气的图片和文本框 -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/tomorrowWhIcon1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/tomorrowWhIcon2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/weatherTomorrow"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>
<!-- 显示后天天气的图片和文本框 -->
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/afterdayWhIcon1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/afterdayWhIcon2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/weatherAfterday"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/weatherCurrent"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
Activity的代码如下：
package org.crazyit.net;
import java.util.List;
import org.crazyit.net.R;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener;
public class MyWeather extends Activity
{
private Spinner provinceSpinner;
private Spinner citySpinner;
private ImageView todayWhIcon1;
private ImageView todayWhIcon2;
private TextView textWeatherToday;
private ImageView tomorrowWhIcon1;
private ImageView tomorrowWhIcon2;
private TextView textWeatherTomorrow;
private ImageView afterdayWhIcon1;
private ImageView afterdayWhIcon2;
private TextView textWeatherAfterday;
private TextView textWeatherCurrent;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
todayWhIcon1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.todayWhIcon1);
todayWhIcon2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.todayWhIcon2);
textWeatherToday = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weatherToday);
tomorrowWhIcon1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.tomorrowWhIcon1);
tomorrowWhIcon2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.tomorrowWhIcon2);
textWeatherTomorrow = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weatherTomorrow);
afterdayWhIcon1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.afterdayWhIcon1);
afterdayWhIcon2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.afterdayWhIcon2);
textWeatherAfterday = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weatherAfterday);
textWeatherCurrent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.weatherCurrent);
// 获取程序界面中选择省份、城市的Spinner组件
provinceSpinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.province);
citySpinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.city);
// 调用远程Web Service获取省份列表
List<String> provinces = WebServiceUtil.getProvinceList();
ListAdapter adapter = new ListAdapter(this, provinces);
// 使用Spinner显示省份列表
provinceSpinner.setAdapter(adapter);
// 当省份Spinner的选择项被改变时
provinceSpinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(new OnItemSelectedListener()
{
@Override
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> source, View parent,
int position, long id)
{
List<String> cities = WebServiceUtil
.getCityListByProvince(provinceSpinner.getSelectedItem()
.toString());
ListAdapter cityAdapter = new ListAdapter(MyWeather.this,
cities);
// 使用Spinner显示城市列表
citySpinner.setAdapter(cityAdapter);
}
@Override
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0)
{
}
});
// 当城市Spinner的选择项被改变时
citySpinner.setOnItemSelectedListener(new OnItemSelectedListener()
{
@Override
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> source, View parent,
int position, long id)
{
showWeather(citySpinner.getSelectedItem().toString());
}
@Override
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> arg0)
{
}
});
}
private void showWeather(String city)
{
String weatherToday = null;
String weatherTomorrow = null;
String weatherAfterday = null;
String weatherCurrent = null;
int iconToday[] = new int[2];
int iconTomorrow[] = new int[2];
int iconAfterday[] = new int[2];
// 获取远程Web Service返回的对象
SoapObject detail = WebServiceUtil.getWeatherByCity(city);
// 获取天气实况
weatherCurrent = detail.getProperty(4).toString();
// 解析今天的天气情况
String date = detail.getProperty(7).toString();
weatherToday = "今天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherToday = weatherToday + "\n天气：" + date.split(" ")[1];
weatherToday = weatherToday + "\n气温："
+ detail.getProperty(8).toString();
weatherToday = weatherToday + "\n风力："
+ detail.getProperty(9).toString() + "\n";
iconToday[0] = parseIcon(detail.getProperty(10).toString());
iconToday[1] = parseIcon(detail.getProperty(11).toString());
// 解析明天的天气情况
date = detail.getProperty(12).toString();
weatherTomorrow = "明天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherTomorrow = weatherTomorrow + "\n天气：" + date.split(" ")[1];
weatherTomorrow = weatherTomorrow + "\n气温："
+ detail.getProperty(13).toString();
weatherTomorrow = weatherTomorrow + "\n风力："
+ detail.getProperty(14).toString() + "\n";
iconTomorrow[0] = parseIcon(detail.getProperty(15).toString());
iconTomorrow[1] = parseIcon(detail.getProperty(16).toString());
// 解析后天的天气情况
date = detail.getProperty(17).toString();
weatherAfterday = "后天：" + date.split(" ")[0];
weatherAfterday = weatherAfterday + "\n天气：" + date.split(" ")[1];
weatherAfterday = weatherAfterday + "\n气温："
+ detail.getProperty(18).toString();
weatherAfterday = weatherAfterday + "\n风力："
+ detail.getProperty(19).toString() + "\n";
iconAfterday[0] = parseIcon(detail.getProperty(20).toString());
iconAfterday[1] = parseIcon(detail.getProperty(21).toString());
// 更新当天的天气实况
textWeatherCurrent.setText(weatherCurrent);
// 更新显示今天天气的图标和文本框
textWeatherToday.setText(weatherToday);
todayWhIcon1.setImageResource(iconToday[0]);
todayWhIcon2.setImageResource(iconToday[1]);
// 更新显示明天天气的图标和文本框
textWeatherTomorrow.setText(weatherTomorrow);
tomorrowWhIcon1.setImageResource(iconTomorrow[0]);
tomorrowWhIcon2.setImageResource(iconTomorrow[1]);
// 更新显示后天天气的图标和文本框
textWeatherAfterday.setText(weatherAfterday);
afterdayWhIcon1.setImageResource(iconAfterday[0]);
afterdayWhIcon2.setImageResource(iconAfterday[1]);
}
// 工具方法，该方法负责把返回的天气图标字符串，转换为程序的图片资源ID。
private int parseIcon(String strIcon)
{
if (strIcon == null)
return -1;
if ("0.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_0;
if ("1.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_1;
if ("2.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_2;
if ("3.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_3;
if ("4.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_4;
if ("5.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_5;
if ("6.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_6;
if ("7.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_7;
if ("8.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_8;
if ("9.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_9;
if ("10.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_10;
if ("11.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_11;
if ("12.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_12;
if ("13.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_13;
if ("14.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_14;
if ("15.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_15;
if ("16.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_16;
if ("17.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_17;
if ("18.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_18;
if ("19.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_19;
if ("20.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_20;
if ("21.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_21;
if ("22.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_22;
if ("23.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_23;
if ("24.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_24;
if ("25.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_25;
if ("26.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_26;
if ("27.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_27;
if ("28.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_28;
if ("29.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_29;
if ("30.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_30;
if ("31.gif".equals(strIcon))
return R.drawable.a_31;
return 0;
}
}
上面的Activity代码只是简单的调用Web Service操作，解析Web Service返回的SOAP消息包，并把SOAP消息包中的数据显示出来。
注意，android sdk 4.0版本不能运行，目前也不知道原因。低于4.0版本的可以
下载Demo代码点击此处
http://download.csdn.net/detail/wtyvhreal/8168417