本文我们来讲一下ypipe的实现。
其实ypipe就是上一篇文章中提到的yqueue的一个为lock-free的封装加强实现。
ypipe主要有写入write(), 读取read(), flush()的功能。当一个元素被写入管道的时候,如果不调用flush()函数,那么是不能从该管道中读取出来的。由于zeromq读写操作不在同一个线程,因此该类就采用了CAS的原子操作来完成刷新和读取时检查的操作,这样该类就能保证线程安全,所以称为所谓的lock-free。
让我们说明一下这几个指针的作用:
// Points to the first un-flushed item. This variable is used // exclusively by writer thread. T *w; // 指向第一个未刷新的元素 // Points to the first un-prefetched item. This variable is used // exclusively by reader thread. T *r; // 指向第一个未预取的元素 // Points to the first item to be flushed in the future. T *f; // 指向即将刷新的元素,其实从代码流程上来看应该是即将被刷新的元素的后面一个。。。 // The single point of contention between writer and reader thread. // Points past the last flushed item. If it is NULL, // reader is asleep. This pointer should be always accessed using // atomic operations. atomic_ptr_t <T> c; //读写线程共享的原子操作元素的指针。主要就完成刷新的工作的
基本工作流程如下:
1. ctor(构造函数): 创建一个队列,push一个terminator元素,r, w, f, c都指向terminator元素。
2. write(2)函数: push一个元素V到队列中,并将f置向即将要刷新的元素的下一个,这儿就是iterminator元素。
3. flush()函数: 将c原子操作设置成f并将w指向f,表明刷新。
4. read(1)函数: 会调用check_read()函数,如果返回为true就pop元素。而check_read()元素会将r原子操作设置成c,这样读线程就能不断地pop元素,直到遇到r指针的元素。
我们再来深入分析下这几个函数:
1. 构造函数:
inline ypipe_t () { // Insert terminator element into the queue. queue.push (); // Let all the pointers to point to the terminator. // (unless pipe is dead, in which case c is set to NULL). r = w = f = &queue.back (); c.set (&queue.back ()); }注意其中队列中插入了一个terminator元素。最开始r, w, f都是指向该元素的,同样c也是。
2. write(2):
// Write an item to the pipe. Don't flush it yet. If incomplete is // set to true the item is assumed to be continued by items // subsequently written to the pipe. Incomplete items are never // flushed down the stream. inline void write (const T &value_, bool incomplete_) { // Place the value to the queue, add new terminator element. queue.back () = value_; queue.push (); // Move the "flush up to here" poiter. if (!incomplete_) f = &queue.back (); }
3. flush():
// Flush all the completed items into the pipe. Returns false if // the reader thread is sleeping. In that case, caller is obliged to // wake the reader up before using the pipe again. inline bool flush () { // If there are no un-flushed items, do nothing. if (w == f) return true; // Try to set 'c' to 'f'. if (c.cas (w, f) != w) { // Compare-and-swap was unseccessful because 'c' is NULL. // This means that the reader is asleep. Therefore we don't // care about thread-safeness and update c in non-atomic // manner. We'll return false to let the caller know // that reader is sleeping. c.set (f); w = f; return false; } // Reader is alive. Nothing special to do now. Just move // the 'first un-flushed item' pointer to 'f'. w = f; return true; }1. 如果w == f, 表明目前木有未刷新的items,就直接返回true。
2. 使用c的原子操作CAS来将c设置成f。CAS就是compare and swap,这个例子来说即如果c == w就交换c和f,返回c原先的值,而该操作是个原子操作,可以看具体实现,在这我就先不讲了。PS: 不同平台不一样的。。。 这样如果成功了c就指向了第一个未刷新的元素的位置了。
3. 最后将w置成f, 表明目前真的木有刷新的items了。
4. check_read():
// Check whether item is available for reading. inline bool check_read () { // Was the value prefetched already? If so, return. if (&queue.front () != r && r) return true; // There's no prefetched value, so let us prefetch more values. // Prefetching is to simply retrieve the // pointer from c in atomic fashion. If there are no // items to prefetch, set c to NULL (using compare-and-swap). r = c.cas (&queue.front (), NULL); // If there are no elements prefetched, exit. // During pipe's lifetime r should never be NULL, however, // it can happen during pipe shutdown when items // are being deallocated. if (&queue.front () == r || !r) return false; // There was at least one value prefetched. return true; }该函数在read(1)函数中pop元素之前被调用。 其中r表明第一个不能读的元素,也就是在r之前的元素都已经预取出来,可以被reader读取。
1. 如果还有预取的元素,就返回true。
2. 否则就预取元素,将r通过CAS原子操作置为c。
3. 如果预取不到元素,返回false。
4. 预取元素成功后返回true。
后面一篇文章5-3我们会将pipe,敬请期待。
希望有兴趣的朋友可以和我联系,一起学习。 [email protected]