学习使用jdk1.7中内置数据库Derby(三)

继续上文：学习使用jdk1.7中内置数据库Derby(二) http://128kj.iteye.com/blog/1727385

三） 运行网络模式的Derby数据库 
  这种模式下，需要使用两个控制台窗口，一个用于启动Derby数据库服务端，另一个做为访问Derby数据库的客户端。
    可以通过DERBY_HOME\bin目录下的startNetworkServer.bat来启动Derby数据库服务端，只需要在命令行中输入：
startNetworkServer.bat

数据库就启动了，启动成功会在控制台输出如下信息：
D:\db>startNetworkServer
Fri Nov 16 10:38:55 CST 2012 : 已使用基本服务器安全策略安装了安全管理程序。
Fri Nov 16 10:38:58 CST 2012 : Apache Derby 网络服务器 － 10.8.1.2 - (1095077)
已启动并准备接受端口 1527 上的连接

    在另一个控制台使用ij命令访问Derby数据库服务端，在输入ij.bat启动ij工具后，通过如下命令建立与服务端的连接，并创建一个数据库：
connect 'jdbc:derby://127.0.0.1  :1527/seconddb;create=true';

   参数中的数据库命部分和内嵌模式不同，这里使用了“//127.0.0.1:1527/”，访问网络模式的URL需要指定服务器的IP地址和端口，其它的就和内嵌模式一样了。

例:
D:\db>ij
ij 版本 10.8
ij> connect 'jdbc:derby://127.0.0.1:1527/seconddb;create=true';
ij> create table secondtable(id int primary key,name varchar(20));
已插入／更新／删除 0 行
ij> insert into secondtable values(1,'hot');
已插入／更新／删除 1 行
ij> select * from secondtable;
ID         |NAME
--------------------------------
1          |hot

已选择 1 行
ij> exit;
D:\db>

四、 在Java应用程序中访问网络模式Derby数据库

1:简单的服务端程序，在程序中启动数据库服务
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.sql.Connection;
 import java.sql.DriverManager;
 import java.sql.Statement;
 import org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl;
 
 public class TestDerbyServer {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
NetworkServerControl dbserver = new NetworkServerControl();//启动服务器
            
       PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);//获取服务器输出
             dbserver.start(pw);
  Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby:TESTDB;create=true");//本地连接数据库
             
            Statement st = conn.createStatement();
  st.execute("create table USER_INFO (ID INT NOT NULL,NAME VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL)");//建表
  st.executeUpdate("insert into USER_INFO(ID,NAME) values (1,'hermit')");//插入数据
  st.executeUpdate("insert into USER_INFO(ID,NAME) values (2,'test')");//插入数据
             
             /*
            *等待用户输入，让程序继续运行，不然程序会运行结束，客户端就连不上了 
              */
             BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
             System.out.println("Press [Enter] to stop Server");
             in.readLine();
 
         } catch (Exception ex) {
             ex.printStackTrace();
         }
     }
 }
(2)jdk1.7自带的网络服务端程序(在程序中启动数据库服务)

import java.sql.*;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class SimpleNetworkServerSample{

 private static String DBNAME="cwbDB";//测试用数据库名
 public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception{
   Connection embeddedConn = null;
   try{
     startNetworkServer();//启动网络服务
   }catch (Exception e){
     System.out.println("Failed to start NetworkServer: " + e);
     System.exit(1);
   }
   try{
     embeddedConn = getEmbeddedConnection(DBNAME,"create=true;");//创建数据库并连接
     System.out.println("Got an embedded connection.");
     System.out.println("Testing embedded connection by executing a sample query ");
     test(embeddedConn);//本地测试
     String howToConnect = ijUsage();
     System.out.println(howToConnect);
     waitForExit();//等待客户连接
   }catch (SQLException sqle){
      System.out.println("Failure making connection: " + sqle);
      sqle.printStackTrace();
   }
   finally{
     if(embeddedConn != null)
     embeddedConn.close();//关闭连接
     try{
        // 关闭数据库服务
        DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby:;shutdown=true");
      }catch(SQLException se){
	//ignore se
      }
    }
  }

    //启动网络服务
   public static void startNetworkServer() throws Exception{
	startWithProperty();
	waitForStart();
   }

	
   private static void startWithProperty() throws Exception{
     System.out.println("Starting Network Server");
     System.setProperty("derby.drda.startNetworkServer","true");
     Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver").newInstance();
   }

   private static void waitForStart() throws Exception{//等待服务器启动
      org.apache.derby.drda.NetworkServerControl server = null;
      // Use NetworkServerControl.ping() to wait for
      server = new NetworkServerControl();
     System.out.println("Testing if Network Server is up and running!");
     for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i ++){
        try {
           Thread.currentThread().sleep(5000);
           server.ping();
        }catch (Exception e){
           System.out.println("Try #" + i + " " +e.toString());
           if (i == 9 ){
              System.out.println("放弃对服务器的连接!");
                throw e;
           }
        }
      }
      System.out.println("Derby 网络服务器已运行");
    }
    
    //获取数据库连接
    public static Connection getEmbeddedConnection(String database,String attributes)
	throws Exception{
        String dbUrl = "jdbc:derby:"+database +";"+attributes;
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl);
        return conn;
    }

    public static void test(Connection conn)throws Exception{
       Statement stmt = null;
       ResultSet rs = null;
       try{
        stmt = conn.createStatement();
        rs = stmt.executeQuery("select count(*) from sys.systables");
       while(rs.next())
          System.out.println("number of rows in sys.systables = "+ rs.getInt(1));
       }catch(SQLException sqle){
        System.out.println("SQLException when querying on the database connection; "+ sqle);
	  throw sqle;
       }
       finally{
         if(rs != null)
           rs.close();
	 if(stmt != null)
           stmt.close();
        }

     }

    private static void waitForExit() throws Exception{
       System.out.println("Clients can continue to connect: ");
       BufferedReader in =
          new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
       System.out.println("Press [Enter] to stop Server");
       in.readLine();
     }

    private static String ijUsage(){//命令行启动ij连接数据库的方法
      String ijUsage = "\nWhile my app is busy with embedded work, ";
      ijUsage += "ij might connect like this:\n\n";
      ijUsage +=  "\t$ java -Dij.user=me -Dij.password=pw -Dij.protocol=
           jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/ org.apache.derby.tools.ij\n";
      ijUsage += "\tij> connect '" + DBNAME + "';\n\n";
		return ijUsage;
   }
}

(3)上面网络服务端程序运行过程,打开一DOS窗口(当前工作目录d:\db)
D:\db>jar.bat(运行这个批处理,内容如下)
D:\db>set DERBY_HOME=c:\jdk1.7\db
D:\db>set path=c:\jdk1.7\db\bin;c:\jdk1.7\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem

D:\db>setNetworkServerCP.bat(运行这个批处理内容如下)
D:\db>SET DERBY_INSTALL=c:\jdk1.7\db
D:\db>set CLASSPATH=c:\jdk1.7\db\lib\derbynet.jar;c:\jdk1.7\db\lib\derbytools.jar;.;c:\jdk1.7\lib

D:\db>javac SimpleNetworkServerSample.java(编译)
D:\db>java  SimpleNetworkServerSample(运行网络数据库服务器)
Starting Network Server
Testing if Network Server is up and running!
Derby 网络服务器已运行
Got an embedded connection.
Testing embedded connection by executing a sample query
number of rows in sys.systables = 22

While my app is busy with embedded work, ij might connect like this:

  $ java -Dij.user=me -Dij.password=pw -Dij.protocol=jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/ org.apache.derby.tools.ij
  ij> connect 'cwbDB';

Clients can continue to connect(等待客户端连接):
Press [Enter] to stop Server

(4)jdk1.7自带的网络客户端程序
网络模式和内嵌模式的不同出在于：
A． 数据库连接URL的不同；
B． 应用程序退出时无需关闭Derby数据库；
C． 数据库驱动的不同；
String driver = “org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver”;
String url =“jdbc:derby: //localhost:1527/cwbdb;create=true”;
Connection conn;
try {
Class.forName(driver);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
}catch(Exception e) {
  ……
}

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class SimpleNetworkClientSample{
 private static String DBNAME="cwbdb";//要连接的数据库名
 private static int NETWORKSERVER_PORT=1527;//服务器端口

  /**
   * Derby Network Client Driver class names
   */

  public static final String DERBY_CLIENT_DRIVER = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver";
  private static final String DERBY_CLIENT_DS = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDataSource";


  private static final String DERBY_CLIENT_URL= "jdbc:derby://localhost:"+ NETWORKSERVER_PORT+"/"+DBNAME+";create=true";

  String url = DERBY_CLIENT_URL;
  String jdbcDriver = DERBY_CLIENT_DRIVER;
  String jdbcDataSource = DERBY_CLIENT_DS;

  public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception{
         new SimpleNetworkClientSample().startSample(args);
  }

  public void startSample (String[] args) throws Exception{
    DataSource clientDataSource = null;
    Connection clientConn1 = null;
    Connection clientConn2 = null;
    try{
	System.out.println("Starting Sample client program ");
	// load  the appropriate JDBC Driver
	loadDriver();
	// 使用DriverManager取得数据库连接
	clientConn1 = getClientDriverManagerConnection();
	System.out.println("通过DriverManager获取连接.");
	// 创建数据源
	javax.sql.DataSource myDataSource = getClientDataSource(DBNAME, null, null);
	// 使用数据源取得一个连接
	clientConn2 = getClientDataSourceConn(myDataSource);
	System.out.println("通过数据源获取一个连接");
	// 测试连接
	System.out.println("通过DriverManager获取连接，执行简单查询测试连接");
	test(clientConn1);
	System.out.println("通过数据源获取一个连接，执行简单查询测试连接");
	test(clientConn2);
	System.out.println("Goodbye!");
    }catch (SQLException sqle){
      System.out.println("Failure making connection: " + sqle);
      sqle.printStackTrace();
    }
    finally{
      if(clientConn1 != null)
	clientConn1.close();
      if(clientConn2 != null)
	clientConn2.close();
     }
  }

	
  public Connection getClientDataSourceConn(javax.sql.DataSource ds)
	throws Exception{
    Connection conn = ds.getConnection("usr2", "pass2");
    System.out.print("connection from datasource; getDriverName = ");
    System.out.println(conn.getMetaData().getDriverName());
     return conn;
   }

	
  public javax.sql.DataSource getClientDataSource(String database, String user, String
     password) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, 
     IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException{
      
    Class nsDataSource = Class.forName(jdbcDataSource);
    DataSource ds = (DataSource) nsDataSource.newInstance();

    Class[] methodParams = new Class[] {String.class};
    Method dbname = nsDataSource.getMethod("setDatabaseName", methodParams);
    Object[] args = new Object[] {database};
    dbname.invoke(ds, args);
    if (user != null) {
      Method setuser = nsDataSource.getMethod("setUser", methodParams);
      args = new Object[] {user};
      setuser.invoke(ds, args);
    }
   if (password != null) {
	Method setpw = nsDataSource.getMethod("setPassword", methodParams);
	args = new Object[] {password};
	setpw.invoke(ds, args);
   }
		
  Method servername = nsDataSource.getMethod("setServerName", methodParams);
  args = new Object[] {"localhost"};
  servername.invoke(ds, args);

  methodParams = new Class[] {int.class};
  Method portnumber = nsDataSource.getMethod("setPortNumber", methodParams);
  args = new Object[] {new Integer(1527)};
  portnumber.invoke(ds, args);

  return ds;
  }


  public void loadDriver() throws Exception{
    // Load the  Driver
    Class.forName(jdbcDriver).newInstance();
  }

  public Connection getClientDriverManagerConnection() throws Exception {
    Properties properties = new java.util.Properties();
    properties.setProperty("user","derbyuser");
    properties.setProperty("password","pass");
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,properties); 
      return conn;
  }

  //测试连接
 public void test(Connection conn) throws Exception{
   Statement stmt = null;
   ResultSet rs = null;
   try {
    stmt = conn.createStatement();
    rs = stmt.executeQuery("select count(*) from sys.systables");
    while(rs.next())
      System.out.println("number of rows in sys.systables = "+ rs.getInt(1));
   }
    catch(SQLException sqle) {
     System.out.println("SQLException when querying on the database connection; "+ sqle);
	  throw sqle;
    }
    finally {
      if(rs != null)
	rs.close();
      if(stmt != null)
	stmt.close();
    }
 }
}

由于网络模式下，Derby数据库做为一个独立运行的数据库，可以被多个应用程序所访问，
所以应用程序在运行结束时不应该关闭Derby数据库。


(5)运行网络客户端过程(打开另一DOS窗口,当前工作目录d:\db)
D:\db>jar.bat(运行这个批处理内容如下)

D:\db>set DERBY_HOME=c:\jdk1.7\db
D:\db>set path=c:\jdk1.7\db\bin;c:\jdk1.7\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem

D:\db>setNetworkClientCP.bat(运行这个批处理内容如下)
D:\db>SET DERBY_HOME=c:\jdk1.7\db
D:\db>set CLASSPATH=c:\jdk1.7\db\lib\derbyclient.jar;c:\jdk1.7\db\lib\derbytools.jar;.;c:\jdk1.7\lib

D:\db>javac   SimpleNetworkClientSample.java(编译)
注: SimpleNetworkClientSample.java使用了未经检查或不安全的操作。
注: 有关详细信息, 请使用 -Xlint:unchecked 重新编译。

D:\db>java    SimpleNetworkClientSample(运行网络客户端)
Starting Sample client program
通过DriverManager获取连接.
connection from datasource; getDriverName = Apache Derby Network Client JDBC Driver
通过数据源获取一个连接
通过DriverManager获取连接，执行简单查询测试连接
number of rows in sys.systables = 22
通过数据源获取一个连接，执行简单查询测试连接
number of rows in sys.systables = 22
Goodbye!

(全文完)