nginx rewrite 参数和例子

本位转自：http://blog.c1gstudio.com/archives/434

推荐参考地址：
Mailing list ARChives 官方讨论区
http://marc.info/?l=nginx

Nginx 常见应用技术指南[Nginx Tips]
http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html

 

正则表达式匹配，其中：

1. * ~ 为区分大小写匹配
2. * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
3. * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配，其中：

1. * -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
2. * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
3. * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
4. * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有：

1. * last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
2. * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
3. * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
4. * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

1. $args
2. $content_length
3. $content_type
4. $document_root
5. $document_uri
6. $host
7. $http_user_agent
8. $http_cookie
9. $limit_rate
10. $request_body_file
11. $request_method
12. $remote_addr
13. $remote_port
14. $remote_user
15. $request_filename
16. $request_uri
17. $query_string
18. $scheme
19. $server_protocol
20. $server_addr
21. $server_name
22. $server_port
23. $uri

结合QeePHP的例子

1. if (!-d $request_filename) {
2. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
3. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
4. break;

多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

1. if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
2. set $sub_name $1;   
3. rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
4. }

目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

1. rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：

1. if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
2. rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
3. }

目录自动加“/”

1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }

禁止htaccess

1. location ~//.ht {
2.          deny all;
3.      }

禁止多个目录

1. location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
2.          deny all;
3. break;
4.      }

禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

1. location ~ ^/data {
2.          deny all;
3.      }

禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求

1. location /searchword/cron/ {
2.          deny all;
3.      }

禁止单个文件

1. location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
2.          deny all;
3.      }

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

1. location ~(favicon.ico) {
2.                  log_not_found off;
3. expires 99d;
4. break;
5.      }
6.  
7.      location ~(robots.txt) {
8.                  log_not_found off;
9. expires 7d;
10. break;
11.      }

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志

1. location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
2.                  access_log   off;
3.                  root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
4. expires 600;
5. break;
6.        }

文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

1. location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
2. valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
3. if ($invalid_referer) {
4.     rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
5.     return 412;
6.     break;
7. }
8.                  access_log   off;
9.                  root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
10. expires 3d;
11. break;
12.      }

只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码

1. root  /opt/htdocs/www;
2. allow   208.97.167.194;
3. allow   222.33.1.2;
4. allow   231.152.49.4;
5. deny    all;
6. auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
7. auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

1. rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。

那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果

1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }

知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：

1. if (!-e $request_filename) {
2. proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
3. }

域名跳转

1. server
2.      {
3.              listen       80;
4.              server_name  jump.c1gstudio.com;
5.              index index.html index.htm index.php;
6.              root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7.              rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
8.              access_log  off;
9.      }

多域名转向

1. server_name  www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
2.              index index.html index.htm index.php;
3.              root  /opt/lampp/htdocs;
4. if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {
5. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
6. }

三级域名跳转

1. if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {
2. rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
3. break;
4. }

域名镜向

1. server
2.      {
3.              listen       80;
4.              server_name  mirror.c1gstudio.com;
5.              index index.html index.htm index.php;
6.              root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7.              rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
8.              access_log  off;
9.      }

某个子目录作镜向

1. location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
2.   rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
3.   break;
4.      }

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

1. rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
2. rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
3. rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

1. rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
2. rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
3. rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
4. rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
5. rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
6. rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

1. server_name  bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
2.  
3.      location = / {
4.         if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {
5.   rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
6.   break;
7. }
8.      }

discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化

1. location ^~ /ucenter {
2.      location ~ .*/.php?$
3.      {
4.   #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
5.   fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
6.   fastcgi_index index.php;
7.   include fcgi.conf;     
8.      }
9.  
10.      location /ucenter/data/avatar {
11. log_not_found off;
12. access_log   off;
13. location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
14.     error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
15. }
16. location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
17.     error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
18. }
19. location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
20.     error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
21. }
22. expires 300;
23. break;
24.      }
25.                        }

jspace rewrite

1. location ~ .*/.php?$
2.              {
3.                   #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
4.                   fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
5.                   fastcgi_index index.php;
6.                   include fcgi.conf;     
7.              }
8.  
9.              location ~* ^/index.php/
10.              {
11.     rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
12.                   fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
13.                   fastcgi_index index.php;
14.                   include fcgi.conf;
15.              }