概念:将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分-整体”的层次结构。Composite使得用户对单个对象和组合的使用具有一致性。
Composite 模式的典型结构图为:
图 2-1:Composite Pattern 结构图
大家在上学的时候应该都学过“数据结构”这门课程吧,还记得其中有一节叫“二叉树”吧,我们上学那会儿这一章节是必考内容,左子树,右子树,什么先序遍历后序遍历什么,重点就是二叉树的的遍历,我还记得当时老师就说,考试的时候一定有二叉树的构建和遍历,现在想起来还是觉的老师是正确的,树状结果在实际项目应用的非常广泛。
咱就先说个最常见的例子,公司的人事管理就是一个典型的树状结构,你想想你公司的结构是不是这样:
老大,往下一层一层的管理,最后到我们这层小兵,很典型的树状结构(说明一下,这不是二叉树,有关二叉树的定义可以翻翻以前的教科书),我们今天的任务就是要把这个树状结构实现出来,并且还要把它遍历一遍,你要确认你建立的树是否有问题呀。从这个树状结构上分析,有两种节点:有分支的节点(如研发部经理)和无分支的节点(如员工 A、员工 D 等),我们增加一点学术术语上去,总经理叫做根节点(是不是想到 XML 中的那个根节点 root,那就对了),类似研发部经理有分支的节点叫做树枝节点,类似员工 A 的无分支的节点叫做树叶节点,都很形象,三个类型的的节点,那是不是定义三个类就可以?好,我们按照这个思路走下去,先看我们自己设计的类图:
这个类图是初学者最容易想到的类图(这个类图有缺陷了),你有没有发觉有问题?getInfo 每个接口都有为什么不能抽象出来?Root 类和 Branch 类有什么差别?为什么要定义成两个接口两个类?如果我要加一个任职期限,你是不是每个类都需要修改?如果我要后序遍历(从员工找到他的上级领导)能做吗?——彻底晕菜了!
问题很多,我们一个一个解决,先说抽象的问题,确实可以吧 IBranch 和 IRoot 合并成一个接口,这个我们先肯定下来,这是个比较大的改动,我们先画个类图(类名稍微做下变化):
本人工程目录:
注释:
main(),客户
CCorpNode,抽象基类,实现基本信息
CBranchNode,树枝节点,实现Addordinate()函数和GetSubordinate()函数
CLeafNode,叶子节点,IsLeaf属性总是“true”
说明:组合模式主要是实现在CBranchNode对象里增加对其它对象的数组,如vector<CCorpNode*>,数组里可以存放CBranchNode和CLeafNode对象。这样方便进行遍历操作。
注意:组合模式有透明组合模式和安全组合模式。透明组合模式是将Addordinate和GetSubordinate这两个函数也抽象到CCorpNode基类里,这增加了操作叶子节点的难度,更易出现逻辑问题。所以尽量使用安全模式。
这个简单了,可以想像一下TreeView和TreeNode基本上是这个意思了,将很多数据组织在一块。
代码:
抽象基类,实现基本信息:CorpNode类
CorpNode.h
#ifndef __Composite__CorpNode__ #define __Composite__CorpNode__ #include <iostream> using std::string; class CCorpNode { public: CCorpNode(void); CCorpNode(string _name,string _pos,string _salary); virtual ~CCorpNode(void); virtual string GetInfo(); void SetParent(CCorpNode *_pParent); CCorpNode *GetParent(); virtual bool IsLeaf() = 0; private: string m_name; string m_position; string m_salary; protected: bool m_isLeaf; CCorpNode *m_pParent; }; #endif /* defined(__Composite__CorpNode__) */CorpNode.cpp
#include "CorpNode.h" CCorpNode::CCorpNode(void) { m_name = ""; m_position = ""; m_salary = "0"; } CCorpNode::CCorpNode(string _name,string _pos,string _salary):m_name(_name), m_position(_pos), m_salary(_salary) { } CCorpNode::~CCorpNode(void) { } string CCorpNode::GetInfo() { string info = ""; info.append("姓名: "); info.append(this->m_name); info.append("\t职位:"); info.append(this->m_position); info.append("\t薪水:"); info.append(this->m_salary); return info; } void CCorpNode::SetParent(CCorpNode *_pParent) { this->m_pParent = _pParent; } CCorpNode * CCorpNode::GetParent() { return this->m_pParent; }
BranchNode.h
#ifndef __Composite__BranchNode__ #define __Composite__BranchNode__ #include <iostream> #include "CorpNode.h" #include <vector> using std::vector; using std::string; class CBranchNode:public CCorpNode { public: CBranchNode(void); CBranchNode(string name,string pos,string salary); ~CBranchNode(void); void Add(CCorpNode* pcorpNode); vector<CCorpNode*> GetSubordinateInfo(); bool IsLeaf(); private: vector<CCorpNode*> m_subordinateList; }; #endif /* defined(__Composite__BranchNode__) */BranchNode.cpp
#include "BranchNode.h" CBranchNode::CBranchNode(void) { m_isLeaf = false; } CBranchNode::CBranchNode(string name ,string pos,string salary):CCorpNode(name,pos,salary) { m_isLeaf = false; } CBranchNode::~CBranchNode(void) { } void CBranchNode::Add(CCorpNode *pcorpNode) { pcorpNode->SetParent(this); m_subordinateList.push_back(pcorpNode); } vector<CCorpNode*> CBranchNode::GetSubordinateInfo() { return this->m_subordinateList; } bool CBranchNode::IsLeaf() { return m_isLeaf; }
LeafNode.h
#ifndef __Composite__LeafNode__ #define __Composite__LeafNode__ #include <iostream> #include "CorpNode.h" class CLeafNode:public CCorpNode { public: CLeafNode(void); CLeafNode(string name,string pos,string salary); ~CLeafNode(void); bool IsLeaf(); }; #endif /* defined(__Composite__LeafNode__) */LeafNode.cpp
#include "LeafNode.h" CLeafNode::CLeafNode(void) { m_isLeaf = true; } CLeafNode::CLeafNode(string name ,string pos,string salary):CCorpNode(name,pos,salary) { m_isLeaf = true; } CLeafNode::~CLeafNode(void) { } bool CLeafNode::IsLeaf() { return m_isLeaf; }
main.cpp
#include <stdio.h> #include "CorpNode.h" #include "BranchNode.h" #include "LeafNode.h" #include "CConvert.h" using std::cout; string getTreeInfo(CBranchNode *root) { vector<CCorpNode*> subordinateList = root->GetSubordinateInfo(); string info = ""; for (vector<CCorpNode*>::iterator it = subordinateList.begin();it != subordinateList.end();it++) { if ((*it)->IsLeaf()) { info = info.append(" "+(*it)->GetInfo()+"\n"); } else { info = info.append((*it)->GetInfo()+"\n"+getTreeInfo((CBranchNode*)(*it))); } } return info; } CBranchNode *compositeCorpTree() { //首先产生总经理CEO CBranchNode *root = new CBranchNode("王大麻子","总经理","100000"); //把三个部门经理产生出来 CBranchNode *developDep = new CBranchNode("刘大瘸子","研发部门经理","10000"); CBranchNode *salesDep = new CBranchNode("马二拐子","销售部门经理","20000"); CBranchNode *financeDep = new CBranchNode("赵三驼子","财务部经理","10000"); //再把三个小组长产生出来 CBranchNode *firstDevGroup = new CBranchNode("杨三乜斜","开发一组组长","5000"); CBranchNode *secondDevGroup = new CBranchNode("吴大棒槌","开发二组组长","6000"); //把所有的小兵都产生出来 CLeafNode *a = new CLeafNode("a","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *b = new CLeafNode("b","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *c = new CLeafNode("c","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *d = new CLeafNode("d","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *e = new CLeafNode("e","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *f = new CLeafNode("f","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *g = new CLeafNode("g","开发人员","2000"); CLeafNode *h = new CLeafNode("h","销售人员","2000"); CLeafNode *i = new CLeafNode("i","销售人员","2000"); CLeafNode *j = new CLeafNode("i","财务人员","2000"); CLeafNode *k = new CLeafNode("k","CEO秘书","2000"); CLeafNode *zhengLaoLiu = new CLeafNode("郑老六","研发部副经理","2000"); //开始组装 //CEO下有三个部门经理和一个秘书 root->Add(developDep); root->Add(salesDep); root->Add(financeDep); root->Add(k); //研发部经理 developDep->Add(zhengLaoLiu); developDep->Add(firstDevGroup); developDep->Add(secondDevGroup); //看看开发两个开发小组下有什么 firstDevGroup->Add(a); firstDevGroup->Add(b); firstDevGroup->Add(c); secondDevGroup->Add(d); secondDevGroup->Add(e); secondDevGroup->Add(f); //再看销售部下的人员情况 salesDep->Add(h); salesDep->Add(i); //最后一个财务 firstDevGroup->Add(j); return root; delete zhengLaoLiu,k,j,i,h,g,f,e,d,c,b,a,secondDevGroup,firstDevGroup,financeDep,salesDep,developDep,root; } int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { CBranchNode *CEO = compositeCorpTree(); cout<<CEO->GetInfo()<<std::endl; cout<< getTreeInfo(CEO); // insert code here... //printf("Hello, World!\n"); return 0; }
参考文献:《设计模式之禅》,《GoF_23种设计模式解析》
参考博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/wanggary/archive/2011/04/19/2021638.html