嵌入式学习笔记008-裸奔篇之串口

  1. 串口是个好东西,前几篇裸奔程序由于没有串口,自己调试都是有led等来表示的,比较“苦逼”,终于可以用串口了~~~,这里主要采用上一篇博文(嵌入式学习笔记007-裸奔篇之定时器),也就是串口也是用中断实现的,而且也只是在前一篇博文增加串口的初始化uart0_init(),以及在中断处理函数增加对串口的处理。只要稍微改造前一篇博文就是一个通用的中断处理程序!

  2. 这里主要实现在串口输入一个字符,接受后+2再发送到串口,所以在串口输入a 会返回c……….

  3. 由于code都有相应的注释,读者自行查看s3c2440手册及注释应该是没有问题的了,共有7个文件,如下:
    head.S init.c interrupt.c int.lds main.c Makefile s3c24xx.h

head.S

@******************************************************************************
@ File:head.S
@ 功能:初始化,设置中断模式、系统模式的栈,设置好中断处理函数
@******************************************************************************       

.extern     main    @ 可有可无
.text 
.global _start 
_start:
@******************************************************************************       
@ 中断向量,本程序中,除Reset和HandleIRQ外,其它异常都没有使用
@******************************************************************************       
 b Reset

@ 0x04: 未定义指令中止模式的向量地址
HandleUndef:
 b HandleUndef 

@ 0x08: 管理模式的向量地址,通过SWI指令进入此模式
HandleSWI:
 b HandleSWI

@ 0x0c: 指令预取终止导致的异常的向量地址
HandlePrefetchAbort:
 b HandlePrefetchAbort

@ 0x10: 数据访问终止导致的异常的向量地址
HandleDataAbort:
 b HandleDataAbort

@ 0x14: 保留
HandleNotUsed:
 b HandleNotUsed

@ 0x18: 中断模式的向量地址
 b HandleIRQ

@ 0x1c: 快中断模式的向量地址
HandleFIQ:
 b HandleFIQ

Reset:                  
 ldr sp, =4096 @ 设置栈指针,以下都是C函数,调用前需要设好栈
 bl disable_watch_dog @ 关闭WATCHDOG,否则CPU会不断重启
 bl clock_init @ 设置MPLL,改变FCLK、HCLK、PCLK
 bl init_led @ 初始化LED的GPIO管脚
 bl timer0_init @ 初始化定时器0 
 bl init_irq @ 调用中断初始化函数,在init.c中
 bl uart0_init
 bl memsetup @ 设置存储控制器以使用SDRAM
 bl copy_steppingstone_to_sdram @ 复制代码到SDRAM中
 ldr sp, =0x34000000 @ 设置系统模式栈指针,
 ldr pc, =on_sdram @ 跳到SDRAM中继续执行
on_sdram:
 msr cpsr_c, #0xd2 @ 进入中断模式
 ldr sp, =4096 @ 设置中断模式栈指针
 msr cpsr_c, #0x5f @ 设置I-bit=0,开IRQ中断

 ldr lr, =halt_loop @ 设置返回地址
 ldr pc, =main @ 调用main函数
halt_loop:
 b halt_loop

HandleIRQ:
 sub lr, lr, #4 @ 计算返回地址
 stmdb sp!, { r0-r12,lr } @ 保存使用到的寄存器
 @ 注意,此时的sp是中断模式的sp
 @ 初始值是上面设置的4096

 ldr lr, =int_return @ 设置调用ISR即EINT_Handle函数后的返回地址 
 ldr pc, =Irq_Handle @ 调用中断服务函数,在interrupt.c中
int_return:
 ldmia sp!, { r0-r12,pc }^ @ 中断返回, ^表示将spsr的值复制到cpsr

init.c

/* * init.c: 进行一些初始化 */ 

#include "s3c24xx.h"

void disable_watch_dog(void);
void clock_init(void);
void memsetup(void);
void copy_steppingstone_to_sdram(void);
void init_led(void);
void timer0_init(void);
void init_irq(void);

/* * 关闭WATCHDOG,否则CPU会不断重启 */
void disable_watch_dog(void)
{
    WTCON = 0;  // 关闭WATCHDOG很简单,往这个寄存器写0即可
}

#define S3C2410_MPLL_200MHZ ((0x5c<<12)|(0x04<<4)|(0x00))
#define S3C2440_MPLL_200MHZ ((0x5c<<12)|(0x01<<4)|(0x02))
#define S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ ((0x5c<<12)|(0x01<<4)|(0x01))
/* * 对于MPLLCON寄存器,[19:12]为MDIV,[9:4]为PDIV,[1:0]为SDIV * 有如下计算公式: * S3C2410: MPLL(FCLK) = (m * Fin)/(p * 2^s) * S3C2440: MPLL(FCLK) = (2 * m * Fin)/(p * 2^s) * 其中: m = MDIV + 8, p = PDIV + 2, s = SDIV * 对于本开发板,Fin = 12MHz * 设置CLKDIVN,令分频比为:FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8, * FCLK=400MHz,HCLK=100MHz,PCLK=50MHz */
void clock_init(void)
{
    // LOCKTIME = 0x00ffffff; // 使用默认值即可
    CLKDIVN  = 0x05;            // FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8, HDIVN=2,PDIVN=1

    /* 如果HDIVN非0,CPU的总线模式应该从“fast bus mode”变为“asynchronous bus mode” */
__asm__(
    "mrc p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"        /* 读出控制寄存器 */ 
    "orr r1, r1, #0xc0000000\n"          /* 设置为“asynchronous bus mode” */
    "mcr p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"        /* 写入控制寄存器 */
    );

    /* 判断是S3C2410还是S3C2440 */
    if ((GSTATUS1 == 0x32410000) || (GSTATUS1 == 0x32410002))
    {
        MPLLCON = S3C2410_MPLL_200MHZ;  /* 现在,FCLK=200MHz,HCLK=100MHz,PCLK=50MHz */
    }
    else
    {
        MPLLCON = S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ;  /* 现在,FCLK=400MHz,HCLK=100MHz,PCLK=50MHz */
    }       
}

/* * 设置存储控制器以使用SDRAM */
void memsetup(void)
{
    volatile unsigned long *p = (volatile unsigned long *)MEM_CTL_BASE;

    /* 这个函数之所以这样赋值,而不是像前面的实验(比如mmu实验)那样将配置值 * 写在数组中,是因为要生成”位置无关的代码”,使得这个函数可以在被复制到 * SDRAM之前就可以在steppingstone中运行 */
    /* 存储控制器13个寄存器的值 */
    p[0] = 0x22011110;     //BWSCON
    p[1] = 0x00000700;     //BANKCON0
    p[2] = 0x00000700;     //BANKCON1
    p[3] = 0x00000700;     //BANKCON2
    p[4] = 0x00000700;     //BANKCON3 
    p[5] = 0x00000700;     //BANKCON4
    p[6] = 0x00000700;     //BANKCON5
    p[7] = 0x00018005;     //BANKCON6
    p[8] = 0x00018005;     //BANKCON7

    /* REFRESH = 0x008c0000 + R_CNT * R_CNT = 2^11 +1 - HCLK(MHZ)*SDRAM_REF_TIME(us , 7.8125) * HCLK=12MHz: 0x008C07A3, * HCLK=100MHz: 0x008C04f4 */ 
    p[9]  = 0x008C04f4;
    p[10] = 0x000000B1;     //BANKSIZE
    p[11] = 0x00000030;     //MRSRB6
    p[12] = 0x00000030;     //MRSRB7
}

void copy_steppingstone_to_sdram(void)
{
    unsigned int *pdwSrc  = (unsigned int *)0;
    unsigned int *pdwDest = (unsigned int *)0x30000000;

    while (pdwSrc < (unsigned int *)4096)
    {
        *pdwDest = *pdwSrc;
        pdwDest++;
        pdwSrc++;
    }
}

/* * LED1-4对应GPB5、GPB6、GPB7、GPB8 */
#define GPB5_out (1<<(5*2)) // LED1
#define GPB6_out (1<<(6*2)) // LED2
#define GPB7_out (1<<(7*2)) // LED3
#define GPB8_out (1<<(8*2)) // LED4

/* * K1-K4对应GPG11、GPG3、GPF2、GPF3 */
#define GPG11_eint (2<<(11*2)) // K1,EINT19
#define GPG3_eint (2<<(3*2)) // K2,EINT11
#define GPF3_eint (2<<(3*2)) // K3,EINT3
#define GPF2_eint (2<<(2*2)) // K4,EINT2

void init_led(void)
{
    GPBCON = GPB5_out | GPB6_out | GPB7_out | GPB8_out ;
}

/* * Timer input clock Frequency = PCLK / {prescaler value+1} / {divider value} * {prescaler value} = 0~255 * {divider value} = 2, 4, 8, 16 * 本实验的Timer0的时钟频率=100MHz/(99+1)/(16)=62500Hz * 设置Timer0 0.5秒钟触发一次中断: */
void timer0_init(void)
{
    TCFG0  = 99;        // 预分频器0 = 99 
    TCFG1  = 0x03;      // 选择16分频
    TCNTB0 = 31250;     // 0.5秒钟触发一次中断
    TCON   |= (1<<1);   // 手动更新
    TCON   = 0x09;      // 自动加载,清“手动更新”位,启动定时器0
}

/* * 定时器0中断使能 */ 
void init_irq(void)
{        
    // enable timer0 and uart0
    INTMSK   &= ~((1<<10) | (1<<28));
    INTSUBMSK &=  ~((1<<0) ); //enable uart0 RX interrupt
}

#define PCLK 50000000 // init.c中的clock_init函数设置PCLK为50MHz
#define UART_CLK PCLK // UART0的时钟源设为PCLK
#define UART_BAUD_RATE 115200 // 波特率
#define UART_BRD ((UART_CLK / (UART_BAUD_RATE * 16)) - 1)

/* * 初始化UART0 * 115200,8N1,无流控 */
void uart0_init(void)
{
    GPHCON  |= 0xa0;    // GPH2,GPH3用作TXD0,RXD0
    GPHUP   = 0x0c;     // GPH2,GPH3内部上拉

    ULCON0  = 0x03;     // 8N1(8个数据位,无较验,1个停止位)
    UCON0   = 0x05;     // UART时钟源为PCLK
    UFCON0  = 0x00;     // 不使用FIFO
    UMCON0  = 0x00;     // 不使用流控
    UBRDIV0 = UART_BRD; // 波特率为115200
}

interrupt.c

#include "s3c24xx.h"

void Irq_Handle(void)
{
    switch(INTOFFSET)
    {
    case 10:  GPBDAT = ~(GPBDAT & (0xf << 5)); break;
    case 28:     UTXH0 = URXH0 +2; SUBSRCPND = 1<<0; break;
    default:    break;
    }
    //清中断
    SRCPND = 1 << INTOFFSET;
    INTPND = INTPND;     
}

main.c

int main(void)
{
    while(1);
    return 0;
}

Makefile

objs := head.o init.o interrupt.o main.o

int.bin: $(objs)
    arm-linux-ld -Tint.lds -o int_elf $^
    arm-linux-objcopy -O binary -S int_elf $@
    arm-linux-objdump -D -m arm int_elf > int.dis

%.o:%.c
    arm-linux-gcc -Wall -O2 -c -o $@ $<

%.o:%.S
    arm-linux-gcc -Wall -O2 -c -o $@ $<

clean:
    rm -f int.bin int_elf int.dis *.o       

int.lds

SECTIONS {
    . = 0x30000000;
    .text          :   { *(.text) }
    .rodata ALIGN(4) : {*(.rodata)} 
    .data ALIGN(4) : { *(.data) }
    .bss ALIGN(4)  : { *(.bss)  *(COMMON) }
}

s3c24xx.h

/* WOTCH DOG register */
#define WTCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x53000000)

/* SDRAM regisers */
#define MEM_CTL_BASE 0x48000000
#define SDRAM_BASE 0x30000000

/* NAND Flash registers */
#define NFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)
#define NFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)
#define NFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)
#define NFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)
#define NFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000010)

/*GPIO registers*/
#define GPBCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000010)
#define GPBDAT (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000014)

#define GPFCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000050)
#define GPFDAT (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000054)
#define GPFUP (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000058)

#define GPGCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000060)
#define GPGDAT (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000064)
#define GPGUP (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000068)

#define GPHCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000070)
#define GPHDAT (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000074)
#define GPHUP (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000078)



/*UART registers*/
#define ULCON0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000000)
#define UCON0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000004)
#define UFCON0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000008)
#define UMCON0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x5000000c)
#define UTRSTAT0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000010)
#define UTXH0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x50000020)
#define URXH0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x50000024)
#define UBRDIV0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000028)


/*interrupt registes*/
#define SRCPND (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000000)
#define INTMOD (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000004)
#define INTMSK (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000008)
#define PRIORITY (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A00000c)
#define INTPND (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000010)
#define INTOFFSET (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000014)
#define SUBSRCPND (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000018)
#define INTSUBMSK (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A00001c)

/*external interrupt registers*/
#define EINTMASK (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x560000a4)
#define EINTPEND (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x560000a8)

/*clock registers*/
#define LOCKTIME (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000000)
#define MPLLCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000004)
#define UPLLCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000008)
#define CLKCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c00000c)
#define CLKSLOW (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000010)
#define CLKDIVN (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000014)


/*PWM & Timer registers*/
#define TCFG0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000000)
#define TCFG1 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000004)
#define TCON (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000008)
#define TCNTB0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x5100000c)
#define TCMPB0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000010)
#define TCNTO0 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000014)

#define GSTATUS1 (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x560000B0)

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