(2011.08.27)优先队列

/**
 * 优先队列
 * 个人感觉,要掌握优先队列并不难,主要掌握以下要点就可以了。
 * 1. 左右儿子跟父亲的关系。
 *  设数组中位置i,左儿子位置[i*2],右儿子位置[i*2+1]。
 * 2. 掌握上滤(percolate up)和下滤(percolate down)的原理。
 *  下滤(percolate down)
 *   把较小的儿子置入空穴,将空穴下滑一层,至到最后一层建立空穴。
 *  上滤(percolate up)
 *   为将一个元素X插入到堆中,在下一个空闲位置创建一个空穴,如果
 *  X放在空穴中而并不破坏堆序,那么插入完成。否则,把空穴的父结点
 * 上的元素移到空穴中,这样,空穴就朝着根的方向上行一步。继续该过程
 * 直到X能被放入到空穴为止。 
 */

// 优先队列的类接口
template <typename Comparable>
class BinaryHeap
{
	public:
		explicit BinaryHeap(int capacity = 100);
		explicit BinaryHeap(cosnt vector<Comparable& items);

		bool isEmpty() const;
		const Comparable & findMin() const;

		void insert(const Comparable & x);
		void deleteMin();
		void deleteMin(Comparable & minItem);
		void makeEmpty();

		private:
			int	currentSize;									// Number of elements in heap
			vector<Comparable> array;			// The heap array
			
			void buildHeap();
			void percolateDown(int hole);
};

// Insert item x, allowing duplicates.
void insert(const Comparable & x)
{
	if(currentSize == array.size() - 1)
		array.resize(array.size() * 2);

	// Percolate up
	int hole = ++currentSize;
	for ( ; hole > 1 && x < array[hole / 2]; hole /= 2)
		array[hole] = array[hole / 2];
	array[hole] = x;
}

/**
 * Remove the minimum item.
 * throws UnderflowException if empty.
 */
void deleteMin()
{
	if(isEmpty())
		throw UnderflowException();

	array[1] = array[currentSize--];
	percolateDown(1);
}

/**
 * Remove the minimum item  and place it in minItem.
 * Throws UnderflowException if empty.
 */
void deleteMin(Comparable & minItem)
{
	if(isEmpty())
		throw UnderflowException();
	minItem = array[1];
	array[1] = array[currentSize--];
	percolateDown(1);
}

/**
 * Internal method to percolate down in the heap.
 * hole is the index at which the percolate begins.
 */
void percolateDown(int hole)
{
	int child;
	Comparable tmp = array[hold];

	for ( ; hole * 2 <= currentSize; hold = child)
	{
		child = hold * 2;
		if (child != currentSize && array[child + 1] < array[child])
			child++;
		if(array[child] < tmp)
			array[hole] = array[child];
		else 
			break;
	}
	array[hole] = tmp;
}

// buildHeap和构造函数
explicit BinaryHeap(const vector<Comparable> & item)
	: array(items.size() + 10), currentSize(items.size())
{
	for (int i = 0; i < items.size(); i++)
		array[i + 1] = items[i];
	buildHeap();
}

/**
 * Establish heap order property from an arbitrary
 * arrangement of items. Runs in linear time.
 */
void buildHeap()
{
	for (int i = currentSize / 2; i > 0; i--)
		percolateDown(i);
}


 

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