Tkinter 类

组件类

Tkinter支持15种核心组件:

表 4-1. Tkinter 组件类

组件	描述
Button	一个简单的按钮, 被用来执行一个命令或其它操作.
Canvas	组织图形,. 这个组件可以被用来绘制图标和图形, 创建图形编辑器, 和实现常用组件.
Checkbutton	表示一个具有两个不同(或相反)值的变量,点击按钮在这两个值间切换.
Entry	文本输入条.
Frame	一个组件容器. frame可以有边框和背景色, 它北用来在应用程序或对话框中将组件分组管理.
Label	用来显示文字和图片.
Listbox	用来显示一个二选一列表. Displays a list of alternatives. The listbox can be configured to get radiobutton or checklist behavior.
Menu	一个菜单条. 被用来实现下拉式或层叠式菜单.
Menubutton	一个菜单按钮. 用来实现下拉菜单.
Message	显示一串文字. 和label 组件相似,但是可以自动根据宽度和宽高比进行文本换行.
Radiobutton	单选框.具有多个选项,但是在一个时刻只能有一个值被选中.点击它的按钮设定它所代表变量的值.
Scale	允许你创建一个可以通过托拽滑动条来改变一个数值的组件.
Scrollbar	标准滚动条,它与canvas,entry,listbox和text组件结合使用.
Text	格式化文本显示. 允许你使用多种分隔和属性显示和编辑文字.也支持内嵌图片和窗口.
Toplevel	一个容器组件,用来创建子窗口.

注意,组件之间没有层次之分;所有组件类都同属一个继承树..

所有这些组件都提供了 Misc 和 几何管理方法, 配置管理方法和附件方法被组件自身定义.另外 Toplevel 类也提供了窗口管理接口. 它意味着一个典型组件类提供提供了150种方法.

混入

几个混入类型和其它辅助类(一个混入(Mixin)类型是一个被设计为与其它使用多继承类相结合的类).当你使用Tkinter时,你应该不去直接访问混入类.

执行混入

Misc 类class is used as a mixin by the root window and widget classes. It provides a large number of Tk and window related services, which are thus available for all Tkinter core widgets. This is done bydelegation ; the widget simply forwards the request to the appropriate internal object.

The Wm class is used as a mixin by the root window and Toplevel widget classes. It provides window manager services, also by delegation.

Using delegation like this simplifies your application code: once you have a widget, you can access all parts of Tkinter using methods on the widget instance.

几何混入

Grid , Pack , 和 Place 类 are used as mixins by the widget classes. They provide access to the various geometry managers, also via delegation.

表 4-2. 几何混入

Manager	Description
Grid	栅格几何管理器允许你创建一个类似表的布局形式, 组件都被组织在一个2维栅格里.通过调用 grid 方法使用栅格管理器.
Pack	pack 几何管理器让你创建一个packgeometry manager lets you create a layout by "packing" the widgets into a parent widget, by treating them as rectangular blocks placed in a frame. To use this geometry manager for a widget, use the pack method on that widget to set things up.
Place	The place geometry manager lets you explicitly place a widget in a given position. To use this geometry manager, use the placemethod.

组件配置管理

The Widget class mixes the Misc class with the geometry mixins, and adds configuration management through the cget and configure methods, as well as through a partial dictionary interface. The latter can be used to set and query individual options, and is explained in further detail in the next chapter.