JBuilder+Hibernate+Tomcat快速入门

JBuilder+Hibernate+Tomcat快速入门



高科华


作者简介：高科华，南京航空学院计算数学专业硕士，有十年以上的企业信息化工作经验。目前的研究兴趣,J2EE企业应用、ERP软件研发、数据仓库系统研发。

本文给出了用JBuilder开发Hibernate+Tomcat Web应用的一般步骤。



1.        下载hibernate-2.1.x.zip
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/hibernate/?sort_by=date&sort=desc

2.        安装，将zip文件解压到JBuilder_HOME\ thirdparty

3.        在JBuilder2005中新建hibernate库，选择菜单Tools-Configure-Libraries，在弹出的对话框中点击New按钮，输入hibernate库的名称：hibernate，点击Add按钮，将hibernate目录中的文件hibernate2.jar增加到hibernate库中,根据需要将hibernate\lib目录中的相应的*.jar增加到hibernate库中,一般需要这些类库：dom4j、CGLIB、Commons Collections、Commons Logging、ODMG4、EHCache

4.        新建工程文件，选菜单File-New Project，给工程文件取名为myProject

设置工程文件的属性，选菜单Project-Project Properties，选择Tomcat作为服务器，将hibernate库加入Path/Required Libraries。

5.        新建Web模块，选菜单File-New，给Web模块取名为quickstart

6.        用servlet向导新建一个servlet文件，选菜单File-New，在弹出的对话框中选择Web-Standard Servlet,取名为Servlet1，在向导的第五步选择Create a runtime configuration

7.        运行Servlet1

8.         将quickstart\Tomcat\conf目录中的文件server8080.xml加入工程文件，修改server8080.xml的内容



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Server debug="0" port="8081" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Service name="Catalina">
    <Connector acceptCount="10" connectionTimeout="60000" debug="0" maxThreads="75" minSpareThreads="5" port="8080"/>
    <Engine debug="0" defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina">
      <Host appBase="C:\jbproject\quickstart\Tomcat\webapps" autoDeploy="false" debug="0" deployXML="false" name="localhost" unpackWARs="false">
        <!--Context debug="0" docBase="C:\jbproject\quickstart\quickstart" path="/quickstart" reloadable="true" workDir="C:\jbproject\quickstart\Tomcat\work\quickstart"/-->
        <Context path="/quickstart" docBase="C:\jbproject\quickstart\quickstart" workDir="C:\jbproject\quickstart\Tomcat\work\quickstart">
          <Resource name="jdbc/quickstart" scope="Shareable" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
          <ResourceParams name="jdbc/quickstart">
            <parameter>
              <name>factory</name>
              <value>org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory</value>
            </parameter>
            <!-- DBCP database connection settings -->
            <parameter>
              <name>url</name>
              <value>jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</value>
              <!--value>jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://nt04:1433;DatabaseName=test</value-->
            </parameter>
            <parameter>
              <name>driverClassName</name>
              <value>org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</value>
              <!--value>com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver</value-->
            </parameter>
            <parameter>
              <name>username</name>
              <value>sa</value>
            </parameter>
            <parameter>
              <name>password</name>
              <value></value>
            </parameter>
            <!-- DBCP connection pooling options -->
            <parameter>
              <name>maxWait</name>
              <value>3000</value>
            </parameter>
            <parameter>
              <name>maxIdle</name>
              <value>100</value>
            </parameter>
            <parameter>
              <name>maxActive</name>
              <value>10</value>
            </parameter>
          </ResourceParams>
        </Context>
      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>


9.        设置hibernate，在quickstart\src目录中新建文件hibernate.cfg.xml如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration
    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-2.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.datasource">java:comp/env/jdbc/quickstart</property>
        <property name="show_sql">false</property>
        <property name="dialect">net.sf.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect</property>
        <!-- Mapping files -->
        <mapping resource="Cat.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>




10.    新建一个持久类



package net.sf.hibernate.examples.quickstart;
public class Cat {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private char sex;
    private float weight;
    public Cat() {
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    private void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public char getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(char sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public float getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(float weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

}


11.    在quickstart\src目录中新建影射文件cat.hbm.xml如下：



<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping
    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>

    <class name="net.sf.hibernate.examples.quickstart.Cat" table="CAT">

        <!-- A 32 hex character is our surrogate key. It's automatically
            generated by Hibernate with the UUID pattern. -->
        <id name="id" type="string" unsaved-value="null" >
            <column name="CAT_ID" sql-type="char(32)" not-null="true"/>
            <generator class="uuid.hex"/>
        </id>

        <!-- A cat has to have a name, but it shouldn' be too long. -->
        <property name="name">
            <column name="NAME" length="16" not-null="true"/>
        </property>

        <property name="sex"/>

        <property name="weight"/>

    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>


12.   准备数据库

13.   新建一个类HibernateUtil

import net.sf.hibernate.*;
import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*;

public class HibernateUtil {

    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HibernateUtil.class);

    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    static {
        try {
            // Create the SessionFactory
            sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            log.error("Initial SessionFactory creation failed.", ex);
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }

    public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();

    public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session s = (Session) session.get();
        // Open a new Session, if this Thread has none yet
        if (s == null) {
            s = sessionFactory.openSession();
            session.set(s);
        }
        return s;
    }

    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session s = (Session) session.get();
        session.set(null);
        if (s != null)
            s.close();
    }
}




14.   修改Servlet1.java



package net.sf.hibernate.examples.quickstart;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import net.sf.hibernate.Transaction;
import net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException;
import net.sf.hibernate.Session;
import net.sf.hibernate.Query;

public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html; charset=Big5";
    private HibernateUtil hibernateUtil = null;

    //Initialize global variables
    public void init() throws ServletException {
    }

    //Process the HTTP Get request
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
            ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        hibernateUtil = new HibernateUtil();
        try {
            Session session = hibernateUtil.currentSession();
            Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
            Cat princess = new Cat();
            princess.setName("Princess");
            princess.setSex('F');
            princess.setWeight(7.4f);

            session.save(princess);
            tx.commit();


            Query query = session.createQuery(
                    "select c from Cat as c where c.sex = :sex");
            query.setCharacter("sex", 'F');

            out.println("<html>");
            out.println("<head><title>Servlet1</title></head>");
            out.println("<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">");

            for (Iterator it = query.iterate(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                Cat cat = (Cat) it.next();
                out.println("<p>Female Cat: " + cat.getName()+"</p>");
            }

            out.println("</body>");
            out.println("</html>");
            out.close();

            tx.commit();

            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //Process the HTTP Post request
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
            ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    //Process the HTTP Put request
    public void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
            ServletException, IOException {
    }

    //Clean up resources
    public void destroy() {
    }
}




15.      再次运行Servlet1，报错。

16.      设置工程文件的属性，选菜单Project-Project Properties，在弹出的对话框中选择Build-Resource-xml，选择选择按钮Copy。这一步是为了在重建工程文件时把src目录中的xml文件拷贝到classes目录中。

17.      再次运行Servlet1，你将看到使用了hibernate后的显示结果。





“hibernate.cfg.xml not found”。

用JUnit测试时，文件hibernate.cfg.xml中需增加如下内容：

    <property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property>
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost</property>
    <property name="username">sa</property>
    <property name="password"></property>

    <property name="connection.provider_class"> net.sf.hibernate.connection.DBCPConnectionProvider</property>
    <property name="connection.pool_size">50</property>
    <property name="dbcp.maxActive">100</property>
    <property name="dbcp.whenExhaustedAction">1</property>
    <property name="dbcp.maxWait">120000</property>
<property name="dbcp.maxIdle">10</property>