c++ primer 队列模拟


         队列是一种抽象的数据类型(ADT),可以存储有序的项目序列.新项目被添加到队尾,并可以删除队首项目。队列有点像堆栈,不过堆栈在同一端进行添加和删除。这使得栈是一种先进后出(LIFO)的结构,而队列是先进先出的(FIFO)。从概念说说,队列就好比是收款台或者ATM前面排的队,所以对于上诉结构问题,队列非常合适。因此,工程的任务之一是定义个Queue类。

      队列中的项目就是顾客,Heather银行的代表介绍:通常,三分之一的顾客只需要一分钟便可获得服务,三分之一的顾客需要两分钟,另外三分之的顾客需要三分钟。

另外,顾客到达的时间是随机的,但每个小时使用自动柜员机的顾客数量相当稳定。工程的另外两个任务是:设计一个表示顾客的类;编写一个程序来模拟顾客和队列之间的交互。

      1.队列类

        首先需要设计一个Queue类。这里先列出队列的特征:

            1)队列存储有序的项目序列
            2)队列所能容纳的项目数有一定限制
            3)应当能够创建空队列
            4)应当能够检查队列是否为空
            5)应当能够检查队列是否满的

6)应当能够在队尾添加项目

7)应当能够在队首删除项目

8)应当鞥能够确定队列中项目数


        2.类设计

          1.queue.h头文件

#ifndef _QUEUE_H_
#define _QUEUE_H_

class Customer
{
	private:
		long arrive; 
		int processtime; 
	public:
		Customer()
		{
	             arrive = processtime = 0;
		}
		void set(long when);
		long when() const { return arrive; }
		int ptime() const { return processtime; }


};

typedef Customer Item;

class Queue
{
private:
	struct Node { Item item; struct Node *next; };
	enum { Q_SIZE = 10 };
	Node *front;
	Node *rear;
	const int qsize;
	Queue(const Queue & q):qsize(0){}
	Queue & operator=(const  Queue & q){return *this; }

public:
	Queue(int qs = Q_SIZE);
	~Queue();
	bool isempty() const;
	bool isfull() const;
	int queuecount() const;
	bool enqueue(const Item &item);
	bool dequeue(Item &item);
};

#endif

2.queue.cpp

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include "queue.h"
#include <cstdlib>

Queue::Queue(int qs):qsize(qs)
{
	front = rear = NULL;
	items = 0;
}

Queue::~Queue()
{
  Node *temp;
  while(front != NULL)
  {
	  temp  = front;
	  front = front->next;
	  delete temp;
  }
}


bool Queue::isempty() const
{
	return items == 0;
}


bool Queue::isfull() const
{
	return items == qsize;
}

int Queue::queuecount() const
{
	return items;
}

bool Queue::enqueue(const Item &item)
{
	if (isfull())
         return false;
	Node *add = new Node();
	if (add == NULL)
	     return false; //内存不足,无法分配空间
	add->item = item;  //添加数据
	add->next = NULL;  //下一个置为空
	items++;           
	if(front == NULL)
		front = add;
	else
		rear->next = add; //将最后一个节点指向新分配节点
	rear = add;  //添加到队尾
	return true;
	
}

bool Queue::dequeue(Item &item)
{
	if (front == NULL)
		return false;
	item = front->item; //将首节点数据复制到引用变量中
	items--;
	Node *temp = front; //保存首节点地址
	front =front->next; //重置首节点指针
	delete temp;  
	if (items == 0)
	   rear = NULL;
	return true;
	
}


void Customer::set(long when)
{
	processtime = std::rand() % 3 +1;
	arrive = when;
}

3.测试

// ch12_queue.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "queue.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>

const int MIN_PER_HR = 60;

bool newcustomer(double x);

using namespace std;


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	
	std::srand(std::time(0));

	cout<<"Case Study: Bank of Heather Automatic Teller\n;";
	cout<<"Enter maximum size of queue: ";
	int qs;
	cin>>qs;
	Queue line(qs);

	cout<<"Enter the number of simulation hours: ";
	int hours;
	cin>>hours;
	long cyclelimit = MIN_PER_HR * hours;

	cout<<"Enter the average number of customers per hour: ";
	double perhour;
	cin>>perhour;
	double min_per_cust;
	min_per_cust = MIN_PER_HR;

        Item temp;
	long turnaways = 0; 
	long customers = 0;
	long served    = 0; 
	long sum_line  = 0;
	int  wait_time = 0;
	long line_wait = 0;


	for (int cycle = 0; cycle < cyclelimit; cycle++)
	{
		if (newcustomer(min_per_cust))
		{
			if (line.isfull())
				turnaways++;
			else
			{
				customers++;
				temp.set(cycle); //设置到达时间
				line.enqueue(temp);//加入队列
			}
		}
		if(wait_time <= 0 && !line.isempty())
		{
			line.dequeue(temp);
			wait_time = temp.ptime();
			line_wait += cycle - temp.when();
			served++;
		}

		if (wait_time > 0)
		   wait_time--;
		sum_line += line.queuecount();
	}

	if (customers > 0)
	{
		cout<<"curtomers accepted: "<< customers<<endl;
		cout<<" curtomers served: " <<served <<endl;
		cout<<"      turnaways: "<<turnaways<<endl;
		cout<<"average queue size: ";
		cout.precision(2);
		cout.setf(ios_base::fixed,ios_base::floatfield);
		cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint);
		cout<<(double)sum_line / cyclelimit <<endl;
		cout<<" average wait time: "<<(double) line_wait / served <<" minutes\n";
	}
	else
		cout<<"No customers\n";

	cout<<"Done\n";
	return 0;
}


bool newcustomer(double x)
{
	return (rand() * x / RAND_MAX < 1);
}

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