Android学习笔记 - 控件篇

1.控件常用的属性
android:id  //控件ID
android:text  //控件显示的文本
android:grivity  //控件内容位置 top bottom left right center_vertical
android:textSize  //字体大小
android:background  //背景颜色（RGB，如：#aa0000）
android:width  //控件宽度
android:height  //控件高度
android:padding  //控件内边距大小
android:paddingLeft
android:paddingRight
android:paddingTop
android:paddingBottom
android:sigleLine  //单行模式（true / false）
android:layout_weight  //占容器大小权重（比例）

2.TextView

文本浏览控件，相当于Label，用于显示文本信息

android:id：控件ID
android:text：文本控件中的内容

3.Button：按钮
android:id：控件ID（@+id/myTextView）
android:layout_width：fill_parent
android:layout_height：wrap_content


4.EditText：相当于TextBox，用于编辑文本信息
获取文本框中的内容：txt.getText().toString();


5.Menu：菜单，点击菜单键后弹出的选项菜单

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
    menu.add(0, 1, 1, R.string.exit); //组ID，项ID，排序ID，文字
    menu.add(0, 2, 2, R.string.about);
    return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
    if(item.getItemId() == 1){
        finish(); //表示结束应用程序
    }
    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

 

6.单选框：RadioGroup / RadioButton
一个RadioGroup包括多个RadioButton，用于分组，与HTML一样

rgroupSex.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
    public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
        if (rbtnMale.getId() == checkedId) {
            Toast.makeText(Control1Activity.this, "亲，你是男的喔！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
});

7.复选框：CheckBox

chkRead.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
        if(isChecked){
            Toast.makeText(Control1Activity.this, "亲，我也喜欢读书哈~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
});

8.提示信息：Toast
一种消息提示的方式，会在屏幕下方中间显示出一段小提示文本

Toast.makeText(Control1Activity.this, "亲，我也喜欢读书哈~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

9.进度条：ProgressBar
//相关属性
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal" //水平进度条
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle" //圆形进度图，无法显示进行的状态（百分比）
android:max="200" //进度条最大值，默认为100
android:visibility="gone" //不可见

progeressBar.setMax(123); //进度条最大值
progeressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); //将进度条设置为可见
progeressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE); //将进度条设置为不可见
progeressBar.SetProgress(int); //进度条进度（颜色较深）
progeressBar.SetSecondaryProgress(int); //进度条第二进度（颜色较浅）

 

10.列表：ListView
//布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@id/android:list"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:drawSelectorOnTop="false"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        android:padding="5px" />

</LinearLayout>

 

//列表需要继承 ListActivity

public class Control2Activity extends ListActivity {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.control2);

        // 组织一下数据源
        ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
        HashMap<String, String> hm1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        hm1.put("userName", "张三");
        hm1.put("userAccount", "ZhengYongQiang");
        list.add(hm1);
        HashMap<String, String> hm2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        hm2.put("userName", "李四");
        hm2.put("userAccount", "WengJiaXiong");
        list.add(hm2);
        HashMap<String, String> hm3 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        hm3.put("userName", "王五");
        hm3.put("userAccount", "LiLiXiang");
        list.add(hm3);

        // 绑定数据源
        SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, list,
                R.layout.control2list,
                new String[] { "userName", "userAccount" },
                new int[] {R.id.lblUserName, R.id.lblUserAccount });
        setListAdapter(adapter);

        ListView lv = getListView();
        lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> av, View v, int pos, long id) {
                Toast.makeText(Control2Activity.this, "亲，你点击了：" + id, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
}

11.Spinner的基本使用方法
1.布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <Spinner
        android:id="@+id/ddlCity"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

2.在string.xml创建一个数组

<string-array name="array_count">
    <item>1</item>
    <item>2</item>
</string-array>

3.代码绑定

public class SpinnerActivity extends Activity {

    Spinner ddlCity = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.spinner);

        ddlCity = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.ddlCity);
        ddlCity.setOnItemSelectedListener(new OnItemSelectedListener() {
            public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position, long id) {
                Toast.makeText(SpinnerActivity.this, "亲，你选择了" + adapterView.getItemAtPosition(position).toString(), 3000).show();
            }

            public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> adapterView) {
                Toast.makeText(SpinnerActivity.this, "亲，你先一个吧！", 3000).show();
            }
        });

        // 第一种方法：通过string.xml中的数组创建
        // ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(SpinnerActivity.this,
        // R.array.array_city, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item);

        // 第二种方法：通过一个List动态加载数据
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        list.add("福州");
        list.add("漳州");
        list.add("厦门");
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(SpinnerActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, list);

        // 设置下拉列表样式
        adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);

        ddlCity.setAdapter(adapter);
        ddlCity.setPrompt("请选择城市：");
    }
}

12.DatePicker和DatePickerDialog的基本使用
//布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/remindDate" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/txtDate"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:inputType="date" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/remindTime" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/txtTime"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:inputType="time" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

//编码

public class PickerActivity extends Activity {

    EditText txtDate = null;
    EditText txtTime = null;

    private static final int DIALOG_DATE_ID = 1;
    private static final int DIALOG_TIME_ID = 2;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.picker);

        txtDate = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtDate);
        txtTime = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtTime);

        txtDate.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() {
            public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
                if (hasFocus)
                    showDialog(DIALOG_DATE_ID);
            }
        });

        txtTime.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() {
            public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
                if (hasFocus)
                    showDialog(DIALOG_TIME_ID);
            }
        });

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.activity_list_item, REMIND_LIST);
        txtRemind.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    DatePickerDialog.OnDateSetListener onDateSetListener = new OnDateSetListener() {
        public void onDateSet(DatePicker view, int year, int monthOfYear, int dayOfMonth) {
            txtDate.setText(year + "-" + (monthOfYear + 1) + "-" + dayOfMonth);
        }
    };

    TimePickerDialog.OnTimeSetListener onTimeSetListener = new OnTimeSetListener() {
        public void onTimeSet(TimePicker view, int hourOfDay, int minute) {
            txtTime.setText(hourOfDay + ":" + minute);
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
        switch (id) {
        case DIALOG_DATE_ID:
            new DatePickerDialog(this, onDateSetListener, 2012, 1, 14).show();
            break;
        case DIALOG_TIME_ID:
            new TimePickerDialog(this, onTimeSetListener, 13, 14, true).show();
            break;
        }
        return super.onCreateDialog(id);
    }
}

13.AutoCompleteTextView的基本使用
//布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/remindText" />

        <AutoCompleteTextView
            android:id="@+id/txtRemind"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

//编码

public class PickerActivity extends Activity {

    AutoCompleteTextView txtRemind = null;

    private static final String[] REMIND_LIST = new String[] {
            "闹钟模式", "节日提醒", "会议提醒", "特殊提醒",
            "ClockRemind", "DayRemind", "MeetingRemind", "OtherRemind"
    };

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.picker);

        txtDate = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtDate);
        txtTime = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtTime);
        txtRemind = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.txtRemind);

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.activity_list_item, REMIND_LIST);
        txtRemind.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

14.ExpandableListActivity的基本使用方法
1.在布局文件中声明对象

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <ExpandableListView
        android:id="@id/android:list"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:drawSelectorOnTop="false" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@id/android:empty"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:text="No Data" />

</LinearLayout>

2.在而已文件中声明group的样式group.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/lblExpListGroup"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="40dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
        android:textSize="20dp" />

</LinearLayout>

3.在而已文件当中声明子项的样式child.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/lblExpListItem"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
        android:textSize="16dp" />
</LinearLayout>

4.创建一个Activity，继承ExpandableListActivity
5.为group创建数据
6.为child创建数据
7.绑定数据

public class ExpListActivity extends ExpandableListActivity {
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.explist);

        //列表组数据
        List<Map<String, String>> groups = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
        Map<String, String> group1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        group1.put("name", "列表组1");
        groups.add(group1);
        Map<String, String> group2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        group2.put("name", "列表组2");
        groups.add(group2);

        //列表组1数据
        List<Map<String, String>> item1 = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
        Map<String, String> item11 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        item11.put("name", "列表组1子项1");
        item1.add(item11);
        Map<String, String> item12 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        item12.put("name", "列表组1子项2");
        item1.add(item12);

        //列表组2数据
        List<Map<String, String>> item2 = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
        Map<String, String> item21 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        item21.put("name", "列表组2子项1");
        item2.add(item21);
        Map<String, String> item22 = new HashMap<String, String>();
        item22.put("name", "列表组2子项2");
        item2.add(item22);

        //列表项数据
        List<List<Map<String,String>>> items = new ArrayList<List<Map<String,String>>>();
        items.add(item1);
        items.add(item2);

        //创建适配器
        SimpleExpandableListAdapter adapter = new SimpleExpandableListAdapter(ExpListActivity.this,
                groups, R.layout.explistgroup, new String[] { "name" }, new int[] { R.id.lblExpListGroup },
                items, R.layout.explistitem, new String[] { "name" }, new int[] { R.id.lblExpListItem });

        //绑定
        setListAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

15.SeekBar的基本使用方法
进度条，可滑动，设置音量、音乐进度等

1.在布局文件中声明

<SeekBar
    android:id="@+id/sbar"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

2.定义一个监听器

private class SeekBarListener implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener{
    @Override //滑块改变触发
    public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser){
        System.out.println("Changed : " + progress);
    }
    @Override //滑块开始改变时触发
    public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar){
        System.out.println("Start : " + seekBar.getProgress());
    }
    @Override //滑块停止改变时触发
    public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar){
        System.out.println("Stop : " + seekBar.getProgress());
    }
}

3.实例

seekBar = (SeekBar)findViewById(R.id.sbar);
seekBar.setMax(100); //设置最大进度
seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBarListener()); //绑定事件

16.RatingBar的基本使用方法
打分条，几个五角星，可以供用户打分

1.在布局文件中声明

<RatingBar
    android:id="@+id/rbar"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:numStars="5"
    android:stepSize="1.0" />

2.定义一个监听器

private class RatingBarListener implements RatingBar.OnRatingBarChangeListener{
    @Override
    public void onRatingChanged(RatingBar ratingBar, float rating, boolean fromUser){
        System.out.println("rating : " + rating);
    }
}

3.绑定

ratingBar.setOnRatingBarChangeListener(new RatingBarListener());