使用GtkBuilder设计Gtk+界面

Gtk+使用glade进行界面设计能有效地加快项目进度和提高程序的可维护性。
自从gtk2.12，Gtk+已经内建了GtkBuilder，用以代替使用glade编写的程序所依赖的libglade库文件。
下面介绍如何使用GtkBuilder写一个最基本的界面。

1. 使用glade设计Gtk+界面,保存为glade文件

$ ls fsf.glade  stallman.jpg $

2. 用gtk-builder-convert脚本(gtk+2.0默认安装该脚本)将glade代码转换成支持GtkBuilder的代码

$ gtk-builder-convert fsf.glade fsf.ui Wrote fsf.ui $ ls fsf.glade  fsf.ui  stallman.jpg $ cat fsf.ui <?xml version="1.0"?> <!--Generated with glade3 3.4.5 on Sun Nov 29 12:39:11 2009 --> <interface>   <object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">     <child>       <object class="GtkVBox" id="vbox1">         <property name="visible">True</property>         <child>           <object class="GtkImage" id="image1">             <property name="visible">True</property>             <property name="pixbuf">stallman.jpg</property>           </object>         </child>         <child>           <object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">             <property name="visible">True</property>             <property name="label" translatable="yes">Richard Stallman</property>           </object>           <packing>             <property name="position">1</property>           </packing>         </child>       </object>     </child>   </object> </interface> $

3. 编写程序，调用GtkBuilder

$ ls fsf.c  fsf.glade  fsf.ui  Makefile  stallman.jpg $ cat Makefile all:     gcc `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` fsf.c clean:     rm -f *~ a.out $ cat fsf.c #include <gtk/gtk.h> static void window_close(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer data) {   gtk_main_quit(); } int main(int argc,char *argv[]) {   GtkBuilder *builder;   GError *error;   GtkWidget *window;   gtk_init(&argc,&argv);   builder=gtk_builder_new();   gtk_builder_add_from_file(builder,"fsf.ui",&error);   window=GTK_WIDGET(gtk_builder_get_object(builder,"window1"));   g_object_unref(G_OBJECT(builder));   g_signal_connect(window,"destroy",G_CALLBACK(window_close),NULL);   gtk_widget_show_all(window);   gtk_main();   return 0; } $

4. 编译出可执行程序，运行

$ make gcc `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0` fsf.c $ ./a.out

效果如下图:



题外话:
我是在阅读cheese的源代码中发现gtkbuilder的，然后又发现了个东西
"pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0"这一句是怎么得到的？

$ ls /usr/lib/pkgconfig/gtk+-2.0.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/gtk+-2.0.pc $ cat /usr/lib/pkgconfig/gtk+-2.0.pc prefix=/usr exec_prefix=${prefix} libdir=/usr/lib includedir=${prefix}/include target=x11 gtk_binary_version=2.10.0 gtk_host=i486-pc-linux-gnu Name: GTK+ Deｓｃｒｉｐｔion: GIMP Tool Kit (${target} target) Version: 2.12.12 Requires: gdk-${target}-2.0 atk cairo Libs: -L${libdir} -lgtk-${target}-2.0 Cflags: -I${includedir}/gtk-2.0 $

呵呵，这下明白了吧
比如说编译调用了gstreamer库的程序，就可以使用
pkg-config --cflags --libs gstreamer-0.10
pkgconfig的默认目录/usr/lib/pkgconfig下有gstreamer-0.10.pc这一数据文件

$ ls /usr/lib/pkgconfig/gstreamer-0.10.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/gstreamer-0.10.pc $

Happy Hacking : )

相关资源:
1. GTK+ programs with GtkBuilder and dynamic signal handlers. | All My Brain
http://allmybrain.com/2008/05/22/gtk-programs-with-gtkbuilder-and-dynamic-signal-handlers/

2. GTK+ Reference Manual -- GtkBuilder
file:///usr/share/doc/libgtk2.0-doc/gtk/GtkBuilder.html

3. GTK+ Reference Manual -- Index
file:///usr/share/doc/libgtk2.0-doc/gtk/ix01.html