三层架构实战篇 下

         上篇博客几乎是手把手的教大家怎样做一个三层结构的demo,但是实现和运行出这个例子不是我们的目的,我们的目标是学习,所以这一次我们要用VB.NET将demo实现,并且还要对demo进行一些完善。

         作为一个系统登录的demo,其核心业务就是用户输入信息,然后系统验证此用户是否有权限进入系统,并返回验证结果,仅此而已,那么有什么需求是会变化呢?仔细一想,UI不会有什么大的变化,BLL层主要是处理业务逻辑的,对登录来讲也没什么变化,那么只有DAL层了,DAL层是用来访问数据库,而数据库不仅仅有SQL Server一种,如果换成Oracle或者DB2,还能实现登录系统吗?显然是不能的,如何解决?

         这时候,是该考虑使用设计模式了,那么用什么模式呢?根据需求,当然是工厂方法模式了,但是单纯的工厂方法模式并不能解决多个数据库和多个表之间的切换问题,再想有什么办法,那就是抽象工厂模式了,它可以解决这种涉及多个产品系列的问题,但是如果要增加功能,那么改动的地方太多……算了直接使用绝招吧——反射+抽象工厂+配置文件。

         首先我给出加了设计模式的包图

        

         然后我们就打开VS2012,新建一个VB.NET的Windows窗体应用程序,然后按照包图的结构,构建三层结构,并为每层添加需要的类和接口,完成后如下图:

        三层架构实战篇 下_第1张图片

         然后我们就可以,按照一定的顺序去编写各个类的代码了,我偏好从下往上写,也就是从数据访问层开始,当然要考虑继承关系,总得先有父类吧,还有就是高层类比如抽象类等就得先写,come on……

         插入代码

         实体层DataEntity的UserInfo类

        

Public Class UserInfo
    Private _userID As Integer
    Private _userName As String
    Private _password As String
    '各个属性值的定义
    Public Property UserID() As Integer
        Get
            Return _userID
        End Get
        Set(value As Integer)
            _userID = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property UserName() As String
        Get
            Return _userName
        End Get
        Set(value As String)
            _userName = value
        End Set
    End Property

    Public Property Password() As String
        Get
            Return _password
        End Get
        Set(value As String)
            _password = value
        End Set
    End Property
End Class

         接口层IDAL的IUserInfo类

        

Imports DataEntity

Public Interface IUserInfo
    Function UserLogin(ByVal user As DataEntity.UserInfo) As DataEntity.UserInfo

End Interface

         抽象工厂Factory的DataAccess类

Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Configuration
Imports IDAL

Public Class DataAccess
    Dim DBstr As String = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings("DB")

    Public Function CreateUser() As IDAL.IUserInfo
        Return CType(Assembly.Load("LoginDAL").CreateInstance("LoginDAL" & "." & DBstr), IUserInfo)
    End Function
End Class<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">	</span>

         表示层LoginUI的配置文件App.config

        

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <appSettings>
        <add key ="Connstr" value ="server =192.168.24.191;database=login;user id=sa;password=123456;" />
		<add key ="DB" value ="Sqlserver"/>
    </appSettings>
</configuration>

         数据访问层LoginDAL的Sqlserver类

        

Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports DataEntity
Imports IDAL

Public Class Sqlserver : Implements IUserInfo
    Dim strConn As String = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings("Connstr")
    Dim conn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(strConn)

    Public Function UserLogin(user As UserInfo) As UserInfo Implements IUserInfo.UserLogin
        Dim Sqlserver As String = "select * from Users where UserName =@username"
        Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(Sqlserver, conn)
        cmd.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@username", user.UserName))
        Dim reader As SqlDataReader

        Dim user1 As New UserInfo
        Try
            conn.Open()
            reader = cmd.ExecuteReader
            While reader.Read()
                user1.UserName = reader.Item("UserName")
                user1.Password = reader.Item("Password")
            End While

            Return user1
        Catch ex As Exception
            MsgBox(ex.Message.ToString())
            Return user
        Finally
            conn.Close()
        End Try
    End Function
End Class

         业务逻辑层LoginBLL的LoginManager类

Imports Factory
Imports IDAL
Imports DataEntity

Public Class LoginManager
    Public Function IdentifyUser(ByVal user As DataEntity.UserInfo) As UserInfo
        Dim Iuser As IDAL.IUserInfo
        Dim dataAccess As New DataAccess
        Dim duser As UserInfo

        Iuser = dataAccess.CreateUser()
        duser = Iuser.UserLogin(user)
        Return duser

    End Function
End Class

         表示层LoginUI的客户端代码

        

Imports DataEntity
Imports LoginBLL

Public Class Form1

    Private Sub btnLogin_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnLogin.Click
        Try
            Dim user1 As New UserInfo
            Dim user2 As New UserInfo
            Dim loginmanager As New LoginManager

            user1.UserName = txtUserName.Text.Trim()
            user1.Password = txtPassword.Text

            user2 = loginmanager.IdentifyUser(user1)
            If user2.UserName = user1.UserName And user2.Password = user1.Password Then
                MsgBox("登陆成功!请稍后……")
                Exit Sub
            Else
                MsgBox("该用户信息不存在,请重新输入!")
                Exit Sub
            End If

        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString())
        End Try
       

    End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Me.Close()
    End Sub
End Class

         总结:通过对这么一个小的例子加设计模式和反射机制以及配置文件等等,主要是为了学习和实践,一开始我也觉得根本没有必要,甚至认为是过度设计,但是当自己参考设计模式的书准备将这个例子进行改进和扩展的时候,才发现自己根本不知道如何下手,不过经过查阅博客和贵人相助,终究是调试运行起来了,同时也对三层的理解加深了一些。

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