一、骑士精神(Knight)
在一个5×5的棋盘上有12个白色的骑士和12个黑色的骑士, 且有一个空位。在任何时候一个骑士都能按照骑士的走法(它可以走到和它横坐标相差为1,纵坐标相差为2或者横坐标相差为2,纵坐标相差为1的格子)移动到空位上。
给定一个初始的棋盘,怎样才能经过移动变成如下目标棋盘:
为了体现出骑士精神,他们必须以最少的步数完成任务。
输入文件:
第一行有一个正整数T(T<=10),表示一共有N组数据。接下来有T个5×5的矩阵,0表示白色骑士,1表示黑色骑士,*表示空位。两组数据之间没有空行。
输出文件:
对于每组数据都输出一行。如果能在15步以内(包括15步)到达目标状态,则输出步数,否则输出-1。
Sample Input
2
10110
01*11
10111
01001
00000
01011
110*1
01110
01010
00100
Sample Output
7
-1
源代码如下:
/****************************************************************************************************** ** Copyright (C) 2011.07.01-2013.07.01 ** Author: famousDT <[email protected]> ** Edit date: 2011-10-22 ******************************************************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h>//abs,atof(string to float),atoi,atol,atoll #include <math.h>//atan,acos,asin,atan2(a,b)(a/b atan),ceil,floor,cos,exp(x)(e^x),fabs,log(for E),log10 #include <vector> #include <queue> #include <map> #include <time.h> #include <set> #include <list> #include <stack> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <assert.h> #include <string.h>//memcpy(to,from,count #include <ctype.h>//character process:isalpha,isdigit,islower,tolower,isblank,iscntrl,isprll #include <algorithm> using namespace std; //typedef long long ll; #define MY_PI acos(-1) #define MY_MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) #define MY_MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b)) #define MY_MALLOC(n, type) ((type *)malloc((n) * sizeof(type))) #define MY_ABS(a) (((a) >= 0) ? (a) : (-(a))) #define MY_INT_MAX 0x7fffffff #define LOW_BIT(a) ((a) & (-(a)))//last none zero value /*==========================================================*\ | IDA* \*==========================================================*/ #define STEP 15 + 1 const char goal[][6] = {"11111","01111","00*11","00001","00000"}; char s[6][6]; int ans = 0;; int bound; int cx[] = {2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -2, -2}; int cy[] = {1, -1, 2, -2, 2, -2, 1, -1}; int h()//与目标有几个骑士不同 { int t, i, j; for (t = i = 0; i < 5; ++i) for (j = 0; j < 5; ++j) if (s[i][j] != goal[i][j]) ++t; return t; } int dfs(int x, int y, int dv, int pre_move) { int hv = h (); if (hv + dv > bound) return hv + dv; if (hv == 0) { ans = 1; return dv; } int next_bound = 0x7fffffff; int i; for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) { if (i + pre_move == 7) continue; int nx = x + cx[i]; int ny = y + cy[i]; if (nx >= 0 && nx < 5 && ny >= 0 && ny < 5) { swap(s[x][y], s[nx][ny]); int new_bound = dfs(nx, ny, dv + 1, i); if (ans) return new_bound; next_bound = MY_MIN(new_bound, next_bound); swap(s[x][y], s[nx][ny]); } } return next_bound; } void IDA_star(int sx, int sy) { ans = 0; bound = h(); while (!ans && bound <= STEP) bound = dfs(sx, sy, 0, -STEP); } int main() { FILE *in,*out; ans = 0; in = fopen("Knight.in","rt"); out = fopen("Knight.out","wt"); int cases; int i, j, sx, sy; char c; fscanf(in, "%d%c", &cases, &c); while (cases--) { for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) fscanf(in, "%s", s[i]); for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { for (j = 0; j < 5; ++j) { if (s[i][j] == '*') { sx = i; sy = j; break; } } if (j < 5) break; } IDA_star(sx, sy); if (ans) fprintf(out, "%d\n", bound); else fprintf(out, "-1\n"); } system("pause"); fclose(in); fclose(out); return 0; }