/*
* armboot - Startup Code for ARM920 CPU-core
*
* Copyright (c) 2001 Marius Gröger <[email protected]>
* Copyright (c) 2002 Alex Züpke <[email protected]>
* Copyright (c) 2002 Gary Jennejohn <[email protected]>
*
* See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
* project.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
* MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <config.h>
#include <version.h>
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* Jump vector table as in table 3.1 in [1]
*
*************************************************************************
*/
/*
*跳转到reset
*然后设置中断向量
*/
.globl _start
_start: b reset
ldr pc, _undefined_instruction
ldr pc, _software_interrupt
ldr pc, _prefetch_abort
ldr pc, _data_abort
ldr pc, _not_used
ldr pc, _irq
ldr pc, _fiq
_undefined_instruction: .word undefined_instruction
_software_interrupt: .word software_interrupt
_prefetch_abort: .word prefetch_abort
_data_abort: .word data_abort
_not_used: .word not_used
_irq: .word irq
_fiq: .word fiq
.balignl 16,0xdeadbeef
/*
*************************************************************************
* 第一阶段所做的所有任务，总结
* Startup Code (reset vector)
*
* do important init only if we don't start from memory!
* relocate armboot to ram
* setup stack
* jump to second stage
*
*************************************************************************
*/
_TEXT_BASE:
.word TEXT_BASE
/*TEXT_BASE是u-boot的相对地址，代码段的起始位置*/
.globl _armboot_start
_armboot_start:
.word _start
/*
* These are defined in the board-specific linker script.
*/
.globl _bss_start
_bss_start:
.word __bss_start
.globl _bss_end
_bss_end:
.word _end
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl IRQ_STACK_START
IRQ_STACK_START:
.word 0x0badc0de
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl FIQ_STACK_START
FIQ_STACK_START:
.word 0x0badc0de
#endif
/*
* the actual reset code
*/
reset:
/*
* set the cpu to SVC32 mode设置为SVC模式
*/
mrs r0,cpsr
bic r0,r0,#0x1f
orr r0,r0,#0xd3
msr cpsr,r0
/* turn off the watchdog关闭看门狗 */
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400)
# define pWTCON 0x15300000
# define INTMSK 0x14400008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define CLKDIVN 0x14800014 /* clock divisor register */
#elif defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
# define pWTCON 0x53000000
# define INTMSK 0x4A000008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define INTSUBMSK 0x4A00001C
# define CLKDIVN 0x4C000014 /* clock divisor register */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400) || defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r0, =pWTCON
mov r1, #0x0
str r1, [r0]
/*
* mask all IRQs by setting all bits in the INTMR - default 屏蔽所有中断
*/
mov r1, #0xffffffff
ldr r0, =INTMSK
str r1, [r0]
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
ldr r1, =0x3ff
ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
str r1, [r0]
# endif
/*设置时钟*/
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
/* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #3
str r1, [r0]
#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2400 || CONFIG_S3C2410 */
/*重启只做关键部分的初始化
* we do sys-critical inits only at reboot,
* not when booting from ram!
*/
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT /*相应的宏如果定义的化会在include/configs/smdk2410.h中，相应平台的头文件中*/
bl cpu_init_crit /*CPU的初始化，使无效指令和数据cache设置BANK相应的寄存器准备好RAM空间，会跳转到相应的板目录下的lowlevel_init.S执行相应的设置。调用了子程序，需要设置lr等寄存器*/
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT /*搬移代码*/
relocate: /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */
adr r0, _start /* r0 <- current position of code */ /*当前代码的开始地址*/
ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run from flash or RAM */ /*代码段的连接地址*/
cmp r0, r1 /* don't reloc during debug */ /*测试是在RAM中么？*/
beq stack_setup /*如果实在RAM中跳过搬移不需要复制*/
ldr r2, _armboot_start /*_armboot_start是第一条指令的运行地址*/
ldr r3, _bss_start /*连接脚本U-Boot.lds中定义，是代码段结束的地址*/
sub r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- size of armboot */ /*r2=代码段长度*/
add r2, r0, r2 /* r2 <- source end address */ /*r2=在NOR flash上代码段的结束地址*/
copy_loop: /*复制代码部分*/
ldmia r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from source address [r0] */ /*从地址[r0]处获得数据*/
stmia r1!, {r3-r10} /* copy to target address [r1] */ /*复制到地址[r1]处*/
cmp r0, r2 /* until source end addreee [r2] */ /*判断是否完成*/
ble copy_loop /*没有复制完成继续*/
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
/* Set up the stack 设置栈 ，栈灵活性好，只要让SP指向一段没有使用的内存即可。初始值为0，无初始值的全局变量，静态变量放在BSS */
stack_setup:
ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot *//*代码段开始的位置*/
sub r0, r0, #CFG_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area *//*代码段的下面留出一段内存以实现malloc*/
sub r0, r0, #CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo *//*在留出一段内存，存全局参数*/
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ) /*IRQ和FIQ模式的栈各4K*/
#endif
sub sp, r0, #12 /* leave 3 words for abort-stack */ /*最后留出12字节给abort异常*/
clear_bss: /*下面就是栈了*/
ldr r0, _bss_start /* find start of bss segment *//*起始地址，在连接脚本中定义*/
ldr r1, _bss_end /* stop here *//*结束地址，同上*/
mov r2, #0x00000000 /* clear */
clbss_l:str r2, [r0] /* clear loop... */ /*写0清栈*/
add r0, r0, #4
cmp r0, r1
ble clbss_l
#if 0
/* try doing this stuff after the relocation */
ldr r0, =pWTCON
mov r1, #0x0
str r1, [r0]
/*
* mask all IRQs by setting all bits in the INTMR - default
*/
mov r1, #0xffffffff
ldr r0, =INTMR
str r1, [r0]
/* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
/* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
mov r1, #3
str r1, [r0]
/* END stuff after relocation */
#endif
/*C语言的环境搭建完成，所有设置完成跳到lib_arm/board.c中执行start_armboot函数*/
ldr pc, _start_armboot
_start_armboot: .word start_armboot
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* CPU_init_critical registers
*
* setup important registers
* setup memory timing
*
*************************************************************************
*/
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
cpu_init_crit:
/*
* flush v4 I/D caches
*/
mov r0, #0
mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0 /* flush v3/v4 cache */
mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0 /* flush v4 TLB */
/*
* disable MMU stuff and caches
*/
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 @ clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS)
bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 @ clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM)
orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit 2 (A) Align
orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 @ set bit 12 (I) I-Cache
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
/*
* before relocating, we have to setup RAM timing
* because memory timing is board-dependend, you will
* find a lowlevel_init.S in your board directory.
*/
/*设置BANK*/
mov ip, lr
bl lowlevel_init
mov lr, ip
mov pc, lr
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT */
/*
*************************************************************************
*
* Interrupt handling
*
*************************************************************************
*/
@
@ IRQ stack frame.
@
#define S_FRAME_SIZE 72
#define S_OLD_R0 68
#define S_PSR 64
#define S_PC 60
#define S_LR 56
#define S_SP 52
#define S_IP 48
#define S_FP 44
#define S_R10 40
#define S_R9 36
#define S_R8 32
#define S_R7 28
#define S_R6 24
#define S_R5 20
#define S_R4 16
#define S_R3 12
#define S_R2 8
#define S_R1 4
#define S_R0 0
#define MODE_SVC 0x13
#define I_BIT 0x80
/*
* use bad_save_user_regs for abort/prefetch/undef/swi ...
* use irq_save_user_regs / irq_restore_user_regs for IRQ/FIQ handling
*/
.macro bad_save_user_regs /*宏汇编的定义，下面的一样*/
sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Calling r0-r12
ldr r2, _armboot_start
sub r2, r2, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE+CFG_MALLOC_LEN)
sub r2, r2, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ set base 2 words into abort stack
ldmia r2, {r2 - r3} @ get pc, cpsr
add r0, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE @ restore sp_SVC
add r5, sp, #S_SP
mov r1, lr
stmia r5, {r0 - r3} @ save sp_SVC, lr_SVC, pc, cpsr
mov r0, sp
.endm
.macro irq_save_user_regs
sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Calling r0-r12
add r8, sp, #S_PC
stmdb r8, {sp, lr}^ @ Calling SP, LR
str lr, [r8, #0] @ Save calling PC
mrs r6, spsr
str r6, [r8, #4] @ Save CPSR
str r0, [r8, #8] @ Save OLD_R0
mov r0, sp
.endm
.macro irq_restore_user_regs
ldmia sp, {r0 - lr}^ @ Calling r0 - lr
mov r0, r0
ldr lr, [sp, #S_PC] @ Get PC
add sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
subs pc, lr, #4 @ return & move spsr_svc into cpsr
.endm
.macro get_bad_stack
ldr r13, _armboot_start @ setup our mode stack
sub r13, r13, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE+CFG_MALLOC_LEN)
sub r13, r13, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ reserved a couple spots in abort stack
str lr, [r13] @ save caller lr / spsr
mrs lr, spsr
str lr, [r13, #4]
mov r13, #MODE_SVC @ prepare SVC-Mode
@ msr spsr_c, r13
msr spsr, r13
mov lr, pc
movs pc, lr
.endm
.macro get_irq_stack @ setup IRQ stack
ldr sp, IRQ_STACK_START
.endm
.macro get_fiq_stack @ setup FIQ stack
ldr sp, FIQ_STACK_START
.endm
/*
* exception handlers 异常
*/
.align 5
undefined_instruction:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_undefined_instruction /*跳转到cpu/arm920t/Interrupt.c中执行，下面的都是一样的*/
.align 5
software_interrupt:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_software_interrupt
.align 5
prefetch_abort:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_prefetch_abort
.align 5
data_abort:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_data_abort
.align 5
not_used:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_not_used
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
.align 5
irq:
get_irq_stack
irq_save_user_regs
bl do_irq
irq_restore_user_regs
.align 5
fiq:
get_fiq_stack
/* someone ought to write a more effiction fiq_save_user_regs */
irq_save_user_regs
bl do_fiq
irq_restore_user_regs
#else
.align 5
irq:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_irq
.align 5
fiq:
get_bad_stack
bad_save_user_regs
bl do_fiq
#endif
