安卓 Adapter 使用详解
Adapter是用来帮助填充数据的中间桥梁，比如通过它将数据填充到ListView, GridView, Gallery.而android 提供了几种Adapter:ArrayAdapter, BaseAdapter, CursorAdapter, HeaderViewListAdapter, ListAdapter, ResourceCursorAdapter, SimpleAdapter, SimpleCursorAdapter, SpinnerAdapter, WrapperListAdapter.
根据数据来源形式的不同可以选择不同的Adapter,比如数据来源于一个Arraylist 就使用BaseAdapter,SimpleAdapter,而数据来源于通过查询数据库获得Cursor那就使用SimpleCursorAdapter.
使用simpleadapter的例子:
主布局文件：
<!--main.xml-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
>
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/subway_lines"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
</Spinner>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/subway_lines"
android:layout_alignLeft="@id/subway_lines"
android:id="@+id/select_line"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
<ListView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:id="@+id/station_listView"
/>
</LinearLayout>
然后是ListView布局
<!--stationitem.xml-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="200px"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:textSize="20px"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:id="@+id/station_name"
/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="200px"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:layout_toRightOf="@id/station_name"
android:textSize="20px"
android:layout_alignTop="@id/station_name"
android:id="@+id/station_info"
/>
</RelativeLayout>
接下来是Activity
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class SubwayActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "SubwayActivity";
private SubwayService subwayService;
private TextView selectLine;
private Spinner subwayLines;
private ArrayAdapter<String> linesAdapter;
private List<String> linesNames;
private ListView stationListView;
private SimpleAdapter stationsAdapter;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
stationListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.station_listView);
subwayService = new SubwayService(this);
//初始化数据
// subwayService.init();
List<SubwayLine> listLines = subwayService.getLineScrollData();
linesNames = new ArrayList<String>();
for (SubwayLine subwayLine : listLines) {
linesNames.add(subwayLine.getLineName());
}
// 第一步：添加一个下拉列表项的list，这里添加的项就是下拉列表的菜单项
selectLine = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.select_line);
subwayLines = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.subway_lines);
// 第二步：为下拉列表定义一个适配器，这里就用到里前面定义的list。
linesAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,linesNames);
// 第三步：为适配器设置下拉列表下拉时的菜单样式。
linesAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
// 第四步：将适配器添加到下拉列表上
subwayLines.setAdapter(linesAdapter);
//第五步：为下拉列表设置各种事件的响应，这个事响应菜单被选中
subwayLines.setOnItemSelectedListener(selectedListener);
/*下拉菜单弹出的内容选项触屏事件处理*/
subwayLines.setOnTouchListener(onTouchListener);
/*下拉菜单弹出的内容选项焦点改变事件处理*/
subwayLines.setOnFocusChangeListener(onFocusChangeListener);
}
/**
* 为下拉列表设置各种事件的响应，这个事响应菜单被选中
*/
private OnItemSelectedListener selectedListener = new Spinner.OnItemSelectedListener(){
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void onItemSelected(AdapterView arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) {
String lineName = linesAdapter.getItem(arg2);
SubwayLine line = subwayService.findLine(lineName);
/*根据lineId查询出stations*/
List<SubwayStation> stations = subwayService.getStationLineScrollData(line.getLineId());
/*把stations的属性值放到List<HashMap<String, String>>中*/
List<HashMap<String, String>> data = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>();
for (SubwayStation station : stations) {
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
if(station.getIsChange() == 1){
map.put("stationName", station.getStationName());
List<SubwayStation> changeStations = subwayService.getChangeStationExceptThis(station.getStationName(), line.getLineId());
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.append("换乘 ");
if(changeStations != null && changeStations.size() > 0){
for (SubwayStation changeStation : changeStations) {
SubwayLine changeLine = subwayService.findLine(changeStation.getLineId());
builder.append(changeLine.getLineName()).append(",");
}
builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length()-1);
}
map.put("stationInfo",builder.toString());
}else{
map.put("stationName", station.getStationName());
map.put("stationInfo", station.getStationInfo());
}
data.add(map);
}
/*设置stationsAdapter适配器*/
stationsAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(
SubwayActivity.this,
data,
R.layout.stationitem,
new String[] { "stationName", "stationInfo" },
new int[] { R.id.station_name, R.id.station_info });
stationListView.setAdapter(stationsAdapter);
/* 将所选mySpinner 的值带入myTextView 中*/
selectLine.setText("以下是："+ lineName +" 车站列表...");
/* 将mySpinner 显示*/
arg0.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView arg0) {
selectLine.setText("");
arg0.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
};
/**
* 下拉菜单弹出的内容选项触屏事件处理
*/
private OnTouchListener onTouchListener = new Spinner.OnTouchListener(){
public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
/* 将mySpinner 隐藏，不隐藏也可以，看自己爱好*/
// v.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
return false;
}
};
/**
* 下拉菜单弹出的内容选项焦点改变事件处理
*/
private OnFocusChangeListener onFocusChangeListener = new Spinner.OnFocusChangeListener(){
public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
v.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
};
}
其中,核心的是
/*设置stationsAdapter适配器*/
stationsAdapter = new SimpleAdapter(
SubwayActivity.this,
data,
R.layout.stationitem,
new String[] { "stationName", "stationInfo" },
new int[] { R.id.station_name, R.id.station_info });
stationListView.setAdapter(stationsAdapter);
以上是简单的使用adapter的方法,一般情况下这样就够用了.接下来是自定义adapter.
继承BaseAdapter,重写四个方法.
public class WeatherAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private Context context;
private List<Weather> weatherList; //这就是adapter关联的List，用来存储数据．还记的ArrayList
public WeatherAdapter(Context context, List<Weather> weatherList ) {
this.context = context;
this.weatherList = weatherList;
}
public int getCount() {
return weatherList.size();
}
public Object getItem(int position) {
return weatherList.get(position);
}
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Weather weather = weatherList.get(position);
return new WeatherAdapterView(this.context, weather );
}
}
自定义的View
class WeatherAdapterView extends LinearLayout {
public static final String LOG_TAG = "WeatherAdapterView";
public WeatherAdapterView(Context context,
Weather weather ) {
super( context );
this.setOrientation(HORIZONTAL);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams cityParams =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(100, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
cityParams.setMargins(1, 1, 1, 1);
TextView cityControl = new TextView( context );
cityControl.setText( weather.getCity() );
addView( cityControl, cityParams);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams temperatureParams =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(20, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
temperatureParams.setMargins(1, 1, 1, 1);
TextView temperatureControl = new TextView(context);
temperatureControl.setText( Integer.toString( weather.temperature ) );
addView( temperatureControl, temperatureParams);
LinearLayout.LayoutParams skyParams =
new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(25, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
ImageView skyControl = new ImageView( context );
Log.d( LOG_TAG, weather.getCity()+" -> "+weather.sky );
skyControl.setImageResource( weather.getSkyResource() );
addView( skyControl, skyParams );
}
}
最后在Activity中使用
public class CustomAdapterActivity extends ListActivity
{
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
ArrayList<Weather> weatherList = new ArrayList<Weather>();
Weather w = new Weather( "London", 17, Weather.OVERCAST );
weatherList.add( w );
w = new Weather( "Paris", 22, Weather.OVERCAST );
weatherList.add( w );
w = new Weather( "Athens", 29, Weather.SUNNY );
weatherList.add( w );
w = new Weather( "Stockholm", 12, Weather.RAIN );
weatherList.add( w );
WeatherAdapter weatherAdapter = new WeatherAdapter(
this,
weatherList );
setListAdapter( weatherAdapter );
}
}
再就是Adapter的优化,一个广为流传的 ViewHolder、ViewCache办法：
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder;
if (convertView == null) {
holder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.topic_list, null);
holder.title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
}
public class ViewHolder {
public TextView getTitle() {
if (title == null) {
title = (TextView) baseView.findViewById(R.id.title);
}
return title;
}
}
或者使用HashMap做缓存的方法:
HashMap<Integer, View> m = new HashMap<Integer, View>();
public View getView(int position, View view, ViewGroup parent) {
View convertView = m.get(position);
if (convertView != null) {
return convertView;
} else {
convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.topic_list, null);
TextView title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
m.put(position, convertView);
}
}