[LeetCode] 3Sum Smaller 三数之和较小值

 

Given an array of n integers nums and a target, find the number of index triplets i, j, k with 0 <= i < j < k < n that satisfy the condition nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k] < target.

For example, given nums = [-2, 0, 1, 3], and target = 2.

Return 2. Because there are two triplets which sums are less than 2:

[-2, 0, 1]
[-2, 0, 3]

Follow up:
Could you solve it in O(n2) runtime?

 
这道题是3Sum问题的一个变形,让我们求三数之和小于一个目标值,那么最简单的方法就是穷举法,将所有的可能的三个数字的组合都遍历一遍,比较三数之和跟目标值之间的大小,小于的话则结果自增1,参见代码如下:
 
解法一:
// O(n^3)
class Solution {
public:
    int threeSumSmaller(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int res = 0;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for (int i = 0; i < int(nums.size() - 2); ++i) {
            int left = i + 1, right = nums.size() - 1, sum = target - nums[i];
            for (int j = left; j <= right; ++j) {
                for (int k = j + 1; k <= right; ++k) {
                    if (nums[j] + nums[k] < sum) ++res;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

题目中的Follow up让我们在O(n^2)的时间复杂度内实现,那么我们借鉴之前那两道题3Sum Closest和3Sum中的方法,采用双指针来做,这里面有个trick就是当判断三个数之和小于目标值时,此时结果应该加上right-left,以为数组排序了以后,如果加上num[right]小于目标值的话,那么加上一个更小的数必定也会小于目标值,然后我们将左指针右移一位,否则我们将右指针左移一位,参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

// O(n^2)
class Solution {
public:
    int threeSumSmaller(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        if (nums.size() < 3) return 0;
        int res = 0;
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size() - 2; ++i) {
            int left = i + 1, right = nums.size() - 1;
            while (left < right) {
                if (nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] < target) {
                    res += right - left;
                    ++left;
                } else {
                    --right;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

类似题目:

3Sum Closest

3Sum

 
参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/discuss/85994/13-lines-concise-and-easy-understand-c-solution

https://leetcode.com/discuss/56164/simple-and-easy-understanding-o-n-2-java-solution

 

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