转载请注明出处:Android ContextThemeWrapper解析
网上关于ContextThemeWrapper的说明比较少,这次也是遇到了才拿出来说一下的。在Chris Banes的Theme vs Style这篇文章中提到了ContextThemeWrapper的用法,最重要的就一句话:
It wraps an existing Context (say your Activity), and then overlays a new theme on top of that Context’s theme.
如果你能理解这句话,那么接下来的内容也就不需要看了。如果不理解的我们通过一个简单的例子来说明。
如果你还不了解关于自定义View属性的相关知识,建议先阅读下面的两篇文章,熟悉的忽略之:
Android 自定义View 之 自定义View属性
Android View构造方法第三参数使用方法详解
首先自定义一个View,(来自上面两篇文章)
public class CustomView extends View { static final String LOG_TAG = "CustomView"; public CustomView(Context context) { this(context, null); } public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, R.attr.customViewStyle); } public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomView, defStyleAttr, 0); // TypedArray array = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomView, 0, R.style.default_view_style); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "array length = " + array.getIndexCount()); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "attr1 => " + array.getString(R.styleable.CustomView_attr1)); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "attr2 => " + array.getString(R.styleable.CustomView_attr2)); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "attr3 => " + array.getString(R.styleable.CustomView_attr3)); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "attr4 => " + array.getString(R.styleable.CustomView_attr4)); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "attr5 => " + array.getString(R.styleable.CustomView_attr5)); Log.d(LOG_TAG, "attr6 => " + array.getString(R.styleable.CustomView_attr6)); array.recycle(); } }
<resources> <declare-styleable name="CustomView"> <attr name="attr1" format="string" /> <attr name="attr2" format="string" /> <attr name="attr3" format="string" /> <attr name="attr4" format="string" /> <attr name="attr5" format="string" /> <attr name="attr6" format="string" /> </declare-styleable> <attr name="customViewStyle" format="reference" /> <attr name="customViewTheme" format="reference" /> </resources>
styles文件定义如下:
<resources> <!-- Base application theme. --> <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar"> <!-- Customize your theme here. --> <item name="customViewStyle">@style/custom_view_style</item> </style> <style name="custom_view_style"> <item name="attr1">attr1 from custom_view_style</item> <item name="attr2">attr2 from custom_view_style</item> <item name="attr3">attr3 from custom_view_style</item> <item name="attr4">attr4 from custom_view_style</item> <item name="attr5">attr5 from custom_view_style</item> <item name="android:background">#ffff00ff</item> </style> </resources>
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); new CustomView(this, null, R.attr.customViewStyle); }
因为并没有XML文件为控件设置属性,所以拿到的属性都是style中定义的。
为了讲解ContextThemeWrapper,我们在attrs.xml中添加一个属性:
<attr name="customViewTheme" format="reference" />
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar"> <!-- Customize your theme here. --> <item name="customViewStyle">@style/custom_view_style</item> <item name="customViewTheme">@style/AppTheme.CustomViewTheme</item> </style> <style name="AppTheme.CustomViewTheme"> <item name="customViewStyle">@style/custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> </style> <style name="custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper"> <item name="attr1">attr1 from custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> <item name="attr2">attr2 from custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> <item name="attr3">attr3 from custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> <item name="attr4">attr4 from custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> <item name="attr5">attr5 from custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> <item name="attr6">attr6 from custom_view_style_for_context_theme_wrapper</item> <item name="android:background">#ffff00ff</item> </style>
TypedValue outValue = new TypedValue(); getTheme().resolveAttribute(R.attr.customViewTheme, outValue, true); if (outValue.resourceId != 0) { ContextThemeWrapper wrapper = new ContextThemeWrapper(this, outValue.resourceId); new CustomView(wrapper, null, R.attr.customViewStyle); }
拿到的数据全是我们刚刚定义的。这是为什么呢?我们从上面的代码分析起。
getTheme().resolveAttribute()是从当前主题中拿到R.attr.customViewTheme所对应的那个值,因为在我们的主题中设置了,所以可以拿到值,并且拿到的是一个style的id,即R.style.AppTheme_CustomViewTheme,拿到这个style后构建一个ContextThemeWrapper,传入当前的context和这个style,那么这个ContextThemeWrapper做了什么事呢?这就要回到文章开头提到的那句话了,翻译过来基本上是:用style中的各个属性,去覆盖已有的context中的属性,覆盖之后得到的context就是改变了部分属性后的 context了,然后用这个context去构建View,View中拿到的属性也就是新的值了。